Anthropology 303 – Business In Cultural Context

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Question 1

Which of the following country can be considered as low context culture? (ID-BCF-18)

A	German
B	Latin American
C	Arabic
D	Spanish
E	Japanese

Question 2

According to the Means-End Chain Model, which of the following can be considered as value(s)? (ID-BCF-07)
I. Buying a car so you can travel to work everyday.
II. Buying food with low cholesterol.
II. Obtaining a degree because you want a good job.

A	II only
B	I and II
C	III only
D	II and III only
E	I only

Question 2 Explanation:

This is a difficult question. Some of you may think it is an unfair question. However, I think it is a fair question and you should be able to use at least process of elimination to obtain an answer.

Question 3

The physical and emotional discomfort produced when a person moves to a culture different from the place of origin is known as... (ID-BCF-25)

A	cultural disorientation.
B	culture dystopia.
C	cultural disambiguation.
D	cultural experience.
E	culture shock.

Question 4

Which of the following is false about consumer behaviour? (ID-BCF-01)

A	It is a logical process.
B	Information search is done in the per-purchase phase.
C	It is driven by wants and not by needs of individuals. Hint: Both needs and wants drives the behaviour.
D	It can be influenced by external forces/factors.
E	People tend to spend more time researching a product if the cost of the product is higher.

Question 5

What are are 4Ps of marketing mix? (ID-BCF-02)

A	Product, Pre-purchase, Purchase, Post-purchase
B	Price, Placement, Promote and Persuasion
C	Production, Process, Price and Promotion
D	Production, Promotion, Persuasion and Payment
E	Product, Price, Place and Promotion

Question 6

How many levels are in the Means-End Chain Model? (ID-BCF-26)

A	Two
B	Five
C	Four
D	Three
E	Six

Question 7

Which of the following describe a cultural ritual? (ID-BCF-15)

A	They are only observed in the East such as China and Japan.
B	They are almost always a public (non family) event.
C	They are not good opportunities for marketing because each and every individual/group may have different views on the same event.
D	They are almost always much smaller events than religious rituals.
E	Usually they occur in a fixed sequence and occur periodically.

Question 8

The term "brand" has the following literal meaning. (ID-BCF-05)

A	To promote or publicize.
B	To produce goods or provide services.
C	To burn or stamp something.
D	To develop a legend.
E	To create or design a product.

Question 9

Which of the following statement is true? (ID-BCF-30)

A	Hierarchical cultures have mechanisms for redress grievances.
B	In egalitarian cultures, power is concentrated within a very few people.
C	You are expected to say "I don't know" rather than providing an uninformed or in correct answers to business questions in hierarchical cultures.
D	The decision-marking process takes longer in egalitarian cultures than in hierarchical cultures.
E	You cannot question the superiors in egalitarian cultures.

Question 9 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. The Cultural Dimension of Global Business by G. P. Ferraro and E. K. Briody - Seventh Edition; Pages 38 - 39, Chapter 2. ISBN10: 0-205-83559-7 and ISBN 13: 978-0-205-83559-1

Question 10

Which of the following is a physical symptom of culture shock? (ID-BCF-33)

A	Feelings of rejection
B	Resentment
C	Feelings of incompetence
D	Depression
E	Insomnia

Question 11

Which of the following is true about non-verbal communication? (ID-BCF-31)

A	The most explicit information is gathered through non-verbal communication.
B	Proxemics deals with the variation of facial expressions.
C	Non-verbal communication is a type of stand along communication method.
D	Majority, if not all, non-verbal communication gestures are universal in the Western world.
E	In many cultures, often non-verbal communication is used to signal differences in status.

Question 12

When people are adjusting to a new culture, they go through different stages. Which of the following stages are ethnorelative stages? (ID-BCF-21)

A	Denial, Defense and Minimization
B	Minimization, Acceptance and Adaptation
C	Denial, Defense and Acceptance
D	Adaptation, Defense and Minimization
E	Adaptation, Integration and Acceptance

Question 13

Which of the following is not part of the pre-purchase process? (ID-BCF-03)

A	Evaluation of alternatives
B	Information search
C	Feedback
D	Purchase decision
E	Problem/need recognition

Question 14

What is the primary source of non-verbal communication that can observed in every culture? (ID-BCF-24)

A	Physically contact
B	Face
C	Eyes
D	Hands
E	Body posture

Question 15

Which of the following items can be considered as individual values? (ID-BCF-08)
1. Security
2. Excitement
3. Warm relationships with others
4. Self-respect
5. Belonging
6. Being well respected
7. Self-fulfillment
8. Fun and enjoyment
9. Sense of accomplishment

A	2 , 4, 7 , 9 only
B	All of the above listed items.
C	1 , 2 , 5 , 7 only
D	1, 2 , 3 , 4 only
E	3 , 5 , 7 , 8 only

Question 16

The opposite extreme of hierarchy is demonstrated by which of the following? (ID-BCF-28)

A	Femininity
B	Collectivism
C	Strong uncertainty avoidance
D	Long-time orientation
E	Small power distance

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of high context cultures? (ID-BCF-12)

A	Straightforwardness
B	Less importance on age and experience.
C	Meaning are embedded at many social levels.
D	Logical, linear and highly action-oriented.
E	Time is highly valued.

Question 18

Which is false about marketing? (ID-BCF-04)

A	Marketing include the product pricing according the market which the product is placed.
B	Marketing is a process that may not always contain specific steps.
C	Marketing plays a vital role in product success.
D	Modern marketing methods only work in capitalistic economies.
E	Marketing can be used to promote products that people need as well we people want.

Question 19

Canadian culture can be best described with which of the following terms? (ID-BCF-16)

A	Individualism, low power distance and uncertainty acceptance
B	Feminine, low power distance and uncertainty avoidance
C	Individualism, high power distance and uncertainty acceptance
D	Individualism, low power distance and uncertainty avoidance
E	Individualism, high power distance and uncertainty avoidance

Question 20

Researchers have identified several stages of culture shock. What is the third stage of culture shock? (ID-BCF-34)

A	Introduction
B	Transition
C	Acceptance
D	Adjustment
E	Integration

Question 20 Explanation:

Note: There are several culture shock models. Usually the Adjustment to new environment occurs in the third stage in most models.

Question 21

Which of the following item can be priced relatively higher (larger profit) than the other? (ID-BCF-11)

A	Wedding invitation card.
B	A gift card.
C	Religious card.
D	A birthday card.
E	Graduation card.

Question 21 Explanation:

Generally, the products that are attached to strong religious or cultural views can be sold for a higher price with a larger profit.

Question 22

What is the most fundamental principle behind a myth? (ID-BCF-13)

A	Myths must have a religious or spiritual connotation.
B	Storyline contain two opposing forces that are symbolic.
C	Myths must state the underlying principle explicitly.
D	Myths draw concepts from ancient civilizations such as Roman and Greek.
E	All myths are original and remain unchanged over time.

Question 23

Parades, elections, trials, and provincial holidays can be best described as ____ rituals. (ID-BCF-14)

A	personal
B	civic
C	rites of passage
D	family
E	religious

Question 24

Majority of immigrants to Canada before 1960 are ____ . (ID-BCF-20)

A	Americans
B	Asians (Chinese)
C	Eastern Europeans
D	South Asians
E	Western Europeans

Question 25

Which of the following is not a benefit of multicultural workforce? (ID-BCF-32)

A	Lower competition for job opportunities.
B	Improved problem solving methods.
C	Employees will embrace the cooperate culture.
D	Retaliation of best available talent.
E	Increased in productivity due to better cooperation.

Question 25 Explanation:

Companies that encourage multicultural business cultures have much higher number of applicant for job opportunities than others. Examples are Google Inc, ImperialOil, etc.

Question 26

The numbers, letters and phrases can be symbols. (ID-BCF-17)

A	True
B	False because numbers cannot be symbols.
C	False because letters cannot be symbols.
D	False because phrases are too explicit hence cannot be symbols.

Question 27

What is a transitional organization? (ID-BCF-29)

A	An organization that take control of the company during major cultural changes.
B	It is a phase a company would go through just before a complete failure.
C	It is the process of exchanging cultures within an organization.
D	An organization that is composed of multiple business partners from several different countries.
E	It is a phase in which a small business/company slowly changed in to a larger cooperation.

Question 27 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. Business Anthropology by Ann T. Jordan - Second Edition; Pages 109 - 125, Chapter 9. ISBN10: 1-57766-827-8 and ISBN 13: 978-7-57766-827-5

Question 28

Proxemics is one of several subcategories of the study of nonverbal communication. It deals with... (ID-BCF-22)

A	time symbolism.
B	touching or physical contact.
C	facial expressions.
D	physical space usage.
E	hand gestures.

Question 29

Which of the following is false about myths? (ID-BCF-10)

A	They often contains magical elements.
B	They contains symbolic meanings.
C	They often contains stories/ideas of two opposing forces (good vs evil, strong vs weak, etc).
D	They are all originated from old legends.
E	They are often used as a tool to drive sales and promotions.

Question 29 Explanation:

Not all myths are originated from old legends. They can be newly formed ideas/concepts by marketing companies.

Question 30

Before the financial crisis, typically in North America which of the following is ranked the highest? (ID-BCF-09)

A	Security
B	Sense of belonging
C	Excitement
D	Being well respected
E	Self respect

Question 31

Which of the following items can be considered as interpersonal orientation values? (ID-BCF-27)
1. Security
2. Excitement
3. Warm relationships with others
4. Self-respect
5. Belonging
6. Being well respected
7. Self-fulfillment
8. Fun and enjoyment
9. Sense of accomplishment

A	1 , 2 , 5 , 7 only
B	7 and 9 only
C	2 and 5 only
D	3 and 8 only
E	2 , 4, 7 , 9 only

Question 32

What is Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? (ID-BCF-36)

A	Language is dynamic and changes over time.
B	It state that the language not only used for explicit communication but also linguistic categories limit and determine cognitive categories.
C	The written language is always more explicit than the spoken language in all 5500+ languages in the world.
D	Learning a new language can help learn more languages later in life. In other words, once you learn a new language, it is easier to learn several others.
E	Learning a new language is beneficial because it will explain cultural differences of the new environment.

Question 32 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. The Cultural Dimension of Global Business by G. P. Ferraro and E. K. Briody - Seventh Edition; Pages 113 - 114, Chapter 4. ISBN10: 0-205-83559-7 and ISBN 13: 978-0-205-83559-1

Question 33

What is the best option a company can take to ensure accurate translation of slogans? (ID-BCF-35)

A	Use an independent professional translator.
B	Use the original language itself and avoid translations all together.
C	Create a brand new slogan when moving into a new region with different language than that of the original.
D	Avoid idioms and other ethno-specific terms.
E	Use back translation where a translated message is translated back into the original language.

Question 34

When people are adjusting to a new culture, they go through different stages. Which of the following stages are ethnocentric stages? (ID-BCF-19)

A	Defense, Minimization and Integration
B	Acceptance, Adaptation and Integration
C	Denial, Defense and Minimization
D	Denial, Defense and Acceptance
E	Acceptance, Minimization and Integration

Question 35

In Canada, the phrase ‘the squeaky wheel gets the oil’, meaning that if you make enough noise you will get attention, suggests an important value in Canadian society is... (ID-BCF-23)

A	Individualism
B	Short- time orientation
C	Egalitarianism
D	Hierarchy
E	Low power distance

Question 36

Why do oral care products contain mint flavor? (ID-BCF-06)

A	Due to its qualities of disinfection.
B	Due to cultural expectations.
C	Mint is a key active ingredient in oral care products.
D	Due to its strong scent.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Christopher John Holdsworth during Spring 2015.
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If you get a question wrong, you can still click on the other answers. This will open up hints and explanations (if available), which will provide additional information.

Videos

TED Talk: Rory Sutherland: Life lessons from an Ad man

How smoking became a symbol of the “Emancipated Woman”

Propaganda in America – Meet Edward Bernays

Lexicon Branding (may not play in all browsers)

http://www.lexiconbranding.com/videos/lexicon-branding-movie.html

Cultural Dimension: direct versus indirect communication style

Cultural Dimension: low versus high power distance

High vs Low Uncertainty Avoidance

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qem46KUMIOM

Reaching Across cultures without losing yourself

http://blip.tv/hbrchannel/reaching-across-cultures-without-losing-yourself-6558957

Cultural Diversity in the Workplace

Multi-Cultural Meeting

http://vimeo.com/88245683 or

http://www.trainingabc.com/building-the-multicultural-team/

Sanuja Senanayake

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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