Basic concepts: basic biological themes, hierarchy of organisms, diversity and domains, genetics and evolution, adaptations, fossil record and early life, geology, reproduction, genome and speciation.
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Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm I
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Question 1 |
A | It is the process in which one species splits into two or more species. |
B | It is the process in which two interbreeding individuals produce a zygote. |
C | It is a process in which the new species are created with completely independent (100% different) characteristics from that of the original species. |
D | It is the process in which DNAs react with other biochemicals to produce life. |
Question 2 |
A | Sexual reproduction |
B | Gene division and recombination |
C | Speciation |
D | Natural selection |
E | Evolution |
Question 3 |
A | The evolutionary mechanisms may have introduced a new alleles to the population that resist pesticide. |
B | Some individuals in a particular pest population may have the pesticide resistant alleles. |
C | The natural selection may have created new alleles that are resistant to pesticides. |
D | The environment in which the pest population live may have acted as a barrier to the pesticides' effectiveness. |
Question 4 |
A | Yes, because we can extrapolate the history from the type of sediments. |
B | No, because we use fossils record for age determination. |
C | No, because there is no useful evidence for the history without living or non-living (abiotic) organisms within the rock strata. |
D | Yes, because we can use radiometric dating of the sediments. |
Question 5 |
A | I. Biology II. evolution |
B | I. Biology II. natural selection |
C | I. Biology II. genetic drift |
D | I. Ecology II. natural selection |
E | I. Ecology II. genetic drift |
Question 6 |
A | ...by accumulating small changes over a a long period of time. |
B | ...by sexual reproduction at first and later by both sexual and asexual reproduction. |
C | ...through sudden changes in gene frequencies. |
D | ...by interbreeding. |
Question 7 |
A | 23 combinations |
B | 23/2 = 11.5 combinations |
C | 223 = 8.39 x 106 combinations |
D | 23 x 2 = 46 combinations |
E | 232 = 529 combinations |
Question 8 |
According to the following table, what are the genotype frequencies for all three possible outcomes?
Table 1: Gene pool of the original rose plants.Red is dominant and White is recessive.
A | RR = 0.60 , Rr = 0.32 , rr = 0.08 |
B | RR = 0.60 , Rr = 0.36 , rr = 0.04 |
C | RR = 0.62 , Rr = 0.30 , rr = 0.04 |
D | RR = 0.64 , Rr = 0.32 , rr = 0.04 |
E | RR = 0.64 , Rr = 0.30 , rr = 0.08 |
F | RR = 0.62 , Rr = 0.30 , rr = 0.08 |
Note that you divide possible number of genotypes by the total number of plants for the each frequency.
Question 9 |
On 26 December 2004, undersea megathrust earthquake West of Sumatra, Indonesia resulted in a Tsunami. The waves wiped out a population of cattle (cows) on the Eastern part of Sri Lanka. However, out of 2000 cattle, about 150 were able to escape death. Since the 2004 Tsunami, the cattle population has rebounded back to almost its original level. What is the major impact on the gene pool of the new generation of cattle after the Tsunami in this particular region?
A | The population is most likely experiencing bottleneck effect, where there is a drastic reduction in genetic variations. |
B | The new population most likely experiencing large scale genetic mutations due to limited partners for mating. |
C | The new population most likely will not survive for a long period without a gene flow between themselves and another unrelated population. |
D | The population most likely benefited from this catastrophic event because with reduce number of individuals, there is less competition for mating. |
E | The population is most likely underwent extremely fast evolution. |
Question 10 |
A | It is a statement of facts supported by a large body of evidence. |
B | It is a conceptual model developed by a scientist before a research project is undertaken. |
C | It is an idea which is still not been proven with a body of evidence. |
D | It is a proposed explanation for a set of observations. |
Question 11 |
A | I. eukaryotes II. 3.5 billion |
B | I. prokaryotes II. 3.5 billion |
C | I. prokaryotes II. 4.3 billion |
D | I. eukaryotes II. 4.3 billion |
Question 12 |
A | Organelle |
B | Nucleotide |
C | Cell |
D | DNA |
E | Bacteria |
F | Nucleus |
Question 13 |
According to the following table, what are the allele frequencies in this gene pool (last row in the table, but remember, there are only two frequencies)?
Table 1: Gene pool of the original rose plants.Red is dominant and White is recessive.
A | R = 0.80 and r = 0.20 |
B | R = 0.63 and r = 0.37 |
C | R = 0.37 and r = 0.63 |
D | R = 0.04 and r = 0.96 |
E | R = 0.96 and r = 0.04 |
F | R = 0.20 and r = 0.80 |
Question 14 |
A | The new offspring have a weak immune system. |
B | The species live in different habitat within the same area and would not meet each other. |
C | The mating behavior of one species is completely different from the other. |
D | The individual organisms are unable to produce a fertilized cell. |
Question 15 |
Modified from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Selectiontypes-n0_images.png
A | I. Directional selection II. Disruptive selection III. Stabilizing selection |
B | I. Disruptive selection II. Directional selection III. Stabilizing selection |
C | I. Stabilizing selection II. Disruptive selection III. Directional selection |
D | I. Disruptive selection II. Stabilizing selection III. Directional selection |
E | I. Stabilizing selection II. Directional selection III. Disruptive selection |
F | I. Directional selection II. Stabilizing selection III. Disruptive selection |
Question 16 |
According to the following table, what is the total number of plants in this gene pool?
Table 1: Gene pool of the original rose plants.Red is dominant and White is recessive.
A | 408 |
B | 500 |
C | 576 |
D | 600 |
E | 216 |
Question 17 |
A | Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not. |
B | Eukaryotic cells are specialized cells while Prokaryotics cells can be specialized into any type of cell. |
C | Prokaryotics cells are the most common type of cells in the living world that made up of plants, animals and fungi. The Prokaryotics cells are only found in bacterias. |
D | Eukaryotic cells are usually unicelluar and thought to be responsible for early life on Earth while Prokaryotics cells evolved later in the biological evolution. |
Question 18 |
A | molecule, tissue, cell, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem |
B | molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem |
C | cell, molecule, organ system, organ, population, tissue, organism, ecosystem, community |
D | ecosystem, population, organ system, cell, community, molecule, organ, organism, tissue |
E | cell, molecule, organ system, organ, tissue, population, organism, ecosystem, community |
Question 19 |
A | It a process in which alleles from one population is transferred to another as a result of movement of individuals or gametes. |
B | It is the process in which alleles are randomly selected for fertilization. |
C | It is the process in which RNA copy the DNA sequences and reproduce them by binding to proteins. |
D | It the process in which natural selection either modify, delete or replicate alleles from genes. |
Question 20 |
A | Domesticated species like dogs in which humans have used artificial selection to produce animals with desirable traits. |
B | The observation he made that all species will only produce offspring than the environment can support. |
C | The observation he made that members of a population often vary in their inherited traits. |
D | Ideas and concepts taken out of the book: Principles of Geology by Charles Leyell. |
Question 21 |
A | Genetic drift |
B | Heterozygote advantage |
C | Continental drift |
D | Intra- and inter-sexual selection |
Question 22 |
A | Theory and hypothesis are two terms that can be used interchangeably (same or very similar meaning). |
B | Theory is similar to hypothesis but it covers a specific area of the subject than a hypothesis. |
C | Theory can not be disproved with new evidence but hypothesis can be because hypothesis is a "working theory". |
D | Theory is used to describe fundamental principles of science while a hypothesis is used to describe first-order observable properties. |
E | Theory is similar to hypothesis but it covers a broader scope of the subject than a hypothesis. |
Question 23 |
A | Disruptive selection |
B | Adaptive radiation |
C | Higher relative fitness |
D | Founder effect |
E | Genetic drift |
Question 24 |
A | Postzygotic barriers |
B | Neither because natural selection do not act at this level of life. |
C | Prezygotic barriers |
D | Either because it is all depend on the type of organisms and their living environment. |
Question 25 |
A | homeotic genes |
B | DNAs |
C | RNAs |
D | mRNAs |
Question 26 |
A | adaptation |
B | genetic drift |
C | genetic shift |
D | bottleneck effect |
E | evolution |
Question 27 |
A | Similarity in characteristics caused by convergent evolution is known as homology, while similarity in characteristics caused by is sharing a common ancestor known as analogy. |
B | Similarity in characteristics caused by one dominant allele is known as homology, while similarity in characteristics caused by two recessive alleles known as analogy. |
C | Similarity in characteristics caused by convergent evolution is known as analogy, while similarity in characteristics caused by is sharing a common ancestor known as homology. |
D | Similarity in characteristics caused by one dominant allele is known as analogy, while similarity in characteristics caused by two recessive alleles known as homology. |
Question 28 |
A | A community study. |
B | A population study. |
C | An ecosystem study. |
D | Organisms study. |
Question 29 |
A | The variation in depth of view in eyesight among humans. |
B | The number of brains humans could have. |
C | The amount of semen/sperms that will be ejected during an ejaculation by humans. |
D | The eye colour of humans. |
Question 30 |
A | The total collection of genes in a population at any one time. |
B | The total collection of genes in a kingdom at any one time. |
C | The total collection of genes in a family at any one time. |
D | The total collection of genes in a species at any one time. |
Question 31 |
A | ...no mutations. |
B | ...very small population. |
C | ...no natural selection. |
D | ...random mating. |
E | ...no gene flow between populations. |
Question 32 |
A | 50% or more |
B | 100% |
C | 90% or more |
D | 30% or more |
E | 10% or more |
Question 33 |
A | Igneous rocks |
B | Metamorphic rocks |
C | Punk rocks |
D | Clastic rocks |
E | Sedimentary rocks |
Question 34 |
According to the following table, what is the total number of alleles in the gene pool?
Table 1: Gene pool of the original rose plants.Red is dominant and White is recessive.
A | 600 |
B | 500 |
C | 570 |
D | 1200 |
E | 660 |
Question 35 |
A | ....asxually reproducing populations. |
B | ...genetically isolated populations. |
C | ...very large populations. |
D | ...geographically isolated populations. |
E | ...sexually reproducing populations. |
F | ...small populations. |
Question 36 |
A | Large variation in types of dogs (breeds) due to selective breeding. |
B | Human females choosing specific traits such as eye colour and height of donors when selecting sperm from a sperm bank. |
C | Genetically modified food such as bananas that converted wild inedible fruits to consumables. |
D | The better taste and large size of famed berries verses smaller wild berries. |
E | Dramatic reduction in salmon population due to excessive overfishing. |
Question 37 |
A | biological |
B | ecological |
C | phylogenetic |
D | morphological |
Question 38 |
A | water |
B | carbon dioxide |
C | hydrogen |
D | oxygen |
E | ammonia |
F | nitrogen |
Question 39 |
A | pq |
B | 2pq |
C | p2 |
D | 2p |
E | 2q |
Question 40 |
A | These relationships between human and nonhuman primates demonstrate unity among all living organisms. |
B | The main statement in this question itself is the evidence that we all evolved from Africa. |
C | Your great great (great....) grand parents must be nonhuman primates. |
D | nonhuman primates must have exchanged DNA with humans millions of years ago. |
Question 41 |
A | It is the process in which certain inherited traits are survived and reproduced than the other traits. |
B | It is the process in which the current organism differentiate from its' ancestors. |
C | It is a process in which a new forms of traits are developed into a phenotype (as opposed to just genotypes). |
D | It is the process in which genetic mutation occur and lead to new forms of life. |
E | It is the process in which the dominant hunters eliminates another group of organisms. |
Question 42 |
A | It favors only the characteristics that benefit the specific population. |
B | It can produce new genotypes that favors the entire global population of a species. |
C | It can change the characteristics of a population in one of very few changes to the genetic code in a very short period of time. |
D | It favors characteristics in a population that fit the current local environment. |
Question 43 |
A | first-order reasoning or first order analysis. |
B | deductive reasoning. |
C | experimental process. |
D | scientific process. |
E | inductive reasoning. |
Question 44 |
A | Bat wing and insect wing. |
B | Human limb and whale flipper. |
C | Oak leaf and oak root. |
D | Oak leaf and maple leaf. |
E | Human thumb and chimpanzee arm. |
Question 45 |
A | Because he assumed that inheritance traits can only be passed down to the offspring by the male population (fathers). |
B | Because he assumed that inheritance traits also includes acquired characteristics. |
C | Because he refused genetic variation within the same species. |
D | Because he refused that the environment also pays a vital role in evolution of desired traits. |
Question 46 |
A | All the humans living in the City of Calgary. |
B | All the insects living in the entire world. |
C | All the insects living in the City of Calgary. |
D | All the dogs and cats living in the City of Calgary. |
E | All the birds living in the entire world. |
Question 47 |
A | Nuclear energy released from binding of monomers. |
B | Thermal energy from the sun. |
C | Thermal energy from hydrothermal vents. |
D | Nuclear energy from the remaining elements within the gas cloud from the original nebula. |
E | Frictional energy generated by plate tectonics in the deep sea. |
Question 48 |
A | A population in which whose members are genetically related to each other. |
B | A group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed. |
C | A group of organisms whose members have the potential to reproduce either by sexual or asexual reproduction. |
D | A group of organisms living in the same community. |
Question 49 |
A | Introduction of new species |
B | Gene flow |
C | Mutations |
D | Genetic drift |
Question 50 |
A | ...eukaryotic cells with mostly macroscopic unicellular organisms. |
B | ...eukaryotic cells with mostly macroscopic multicellular organisms. |
C | ...eukaryotic cells with mostly microscopic unicellular organisms. |
D | ...prokaryotic cells with mostly macroscopic unicellular organisms. |
E | ...prokaryotic cells with mostly microscopic unicellular organisms. |
F | ...prokaryotic cells with mostly macroscopic muticellular organisms. |
Question 51 |
I. Polymerization of monomers
II. Replication of RNA molecules and passing of biological information from one cell to another.
III. Abiotic synthesis of important molecules from simpler chemicals in the atmosphere.
IV. Enclosure within a lipid membrane ("protocells"), which maintained a distinct internal environment.
A | III (first to occur) , I , IV , II (last to occur) |
B | III (first to occur) , IV , I , II (last to occur) |
C | I (first to occur) , III , II , IV (last to occur) |
D | I (first to occur) , IV , III , II (last to occur) |
E | III (first to occur) , I , II , IV (last to occur) |
F | I (first to occur) , III , IV , II (last to occur) |
Question 52 |
According to the following table, what are the two possible number of total alleles for Rr in this gene pool?
Table 1: Gene pool of the original rose plants.Red is dominant and White is recessive.
A | 61 (R) + 131 (r) |
B | 192 (R) + 192 (r) |
C | 131 (R) + 61(r) |
D | 61 (R) + 323 (r) |
E | 323 (R) + 61 (r) |
Question 53 |
A | ...the crust. |
B | ...the outer core. |
C | ...the mantle. |
D | ...the outer layer. |
Question 54 |
A | sudden specialization of DNA |
B | evolutionary adaptations |
C | sexual reproduction |
D | advanced civilization |
Question 55 |
A | 2.1 bya |
B | 1.5 bya |
C | 4.6 bya |
D | 3.5 bya |
Question 56 |
A | Geographic speciation |
B | Habitat speciation |
C | Polyploidy speciation |
D | Reproductively isolated speciation |
Question 57 |
A | I. physical characteristics/traits II. asexually and sexually reproducing organisms. |
B | I. potential to interbreed in nature II. fossils only. |
C | I. potential to interbreed in nature II. asexually and sexually reproducing organisms. |
D | I. DNA/chemical characteristics/traits II. asexually and sexually reproducing organisms. |
E | I. physical characteristics/traits II. fossils only. |
Question 58 |
A | ...how new species adapt and evolve. |
B | ...genetic variation caused by mass extinctions and repopulation cycles. |
C | ...the origins of life plus how new species adapt and evolve. |
D | ...the origins of life. |
Question 59 |
A | A specific area of study used to derive a hypothesis or a theory. |
B | A specific group of species, such as humans, living under a specific area and their interactions among living organisms. |
C | All the living organisms and their interaction among each other. |
D | All the organisms in a specific area along with nonliving factors with which they interact. |
E | An isolated system of organisms in which a specific population lives. |
Question 60 |
A | It is the process in which organisms evolve. |
B | It is an inherited characteristic that enhances an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment. |
C | It is the process in which the new genes are produced in order to survive in a changing environment. |
D | It is the process which an organism enhances the probability of survival through acquired characteristics. |
Question 61 |
A | stromatolites |
B | fungi |
C | bacteria |
D | eukaryotic cells |
Question 62 |
A | Diablo |
B | Laurasia |
C | Pangaea |
D | Gondwanaland |
Question 63 |
A | Nails |
B | Hypothalamus |
C | Spinal cord |
D | Appendix |
Question 64 |
A | population |
B | individual |
C | community |
D | DNA |
E | organ |
Question 65 |
A | Bacteria and Archaea |
B | Bacteria and fungi |
C | Plants and Eukarya |
D | Plants and Animals |
E | Bacteria and Eukarya |
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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. K. Ruckstuhl during Fall 2014.
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