Basic concepts: basic biological themes, hierarchy of organisms, diversity and domains, genetics and evolution, adaptations, fossil record and early life, geology, reproduction, genome and speciation.
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Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm I
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Question 1 |
According to the following table, what is the total number of plants in this gene pool?
Table 1: Gene pool of the original rose plants.Red is dominant and White is recessive.
A | 216 |
B | 500 |
C | 600 |
D | 576 |
E | 408 |
Question 2 |
A | I. physical characteristics/traits II. asexually and sexually reproducing organisms. |
B | I. potential to interbreed in nature II. asexually and sexually reproducing organisms. |
C | I. potential to interbreed in nature II. fossils only. |
D | I. physical characteristics/traits II. fossils only. |
E | I. DNA/chemical characteristics/traits II. asexually and sexually reproducing organisms. |
Question 3 |
A | Organelle |
B | Nucleus |
C | DNA |
D | Nucleotide |
E | Cell |
F | Bacteria |
Question 4 |
A | Gene division and recombination |
B | Evolution |
C | Sexual reproduction |
D | Speciation |
E | Natural selection |
Question 5 |
According to the following table, what are the allele frequencies in this gene pool (last row in the table, but remember, there are only two frequencies)?
Table 1: Gene pool of the original rose plants.Red is dominant and White is recessive.
A | R = 0.80 and r = 0.20 |
B | R = 0.96 and r = 0.04 |
C | R = 0.63 and r = 0.37 |
D | R = 0.37 and r = 0.63 |
E | R = 0.20 and r = 0.80 |
F | R = 0.04 and r = 0.96 |
Question 6 |
A | Human females choosing specific traits such as eye colour and height of donors when selecting sperm from a sperm bank. |
B | The better taste and large size of famed berries verses smaller wild berries. |
C | Dramatic reduction in salmon population due to excessive overfishing. |
D | Genetically modified food such as bananas that converted wild inedible fruits to consumables. |
E | Large variation in types of dogs (breeds) due to selective breeding. |
Question 7 |
A | ...no mutations. |
B | ...no gene flow between populations. |
C | ...very small population. |
D | ...random mating. |
E | ...no natural selection. |
Question 8 |
A | These relationships between human and nonhuman primates demonstrate unity among all living organisms. |
B | The main statement in this question itself is the evidence that we all evolved from Africa. |
C | Your great great (great....) grand parents must be nonhuman primates. |
D | nonhuman primates must have exchanged DNA with humans millions of years ago. |
Question 9 |
A | Organisms study. |
B | A population study. |
C | A community study. |
D | An ecosystem study. |
Question 10 |
Modified from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Selectiontypes-n0_images.png
A | I. Stabilizing selection II. Directional selection III. Disruptive selection |
B | I. Directional selection II. Disruptive selection III. Stabilizing selection |
C | I. Stabilizing selection II. Disruptive selection III. Directional selection |
D | I. Disruptive selection II. Stabilizing selection III. Directional selection |
E | I. Directional selection II. Stabilizing selection III. Disruptive selection |
F | I. Disruptive selection II. Directional selection III. Stabilizing selection |
Question 11 |
A | It is the process in which DNAs react with other biochemicals to produce life. |
B | It is the process in which two interbreeding individuals produce a zygote. |
C | It is a process in which the new species are created with completely independent (100% different) characteristics from that of the original species. |
D | It is the process in which one species splits into two or more species. |
Question 12 |
A | sudden specialization of DNA |
B | sexual reproduction |
C | advanced civilization |
D | evolutionary adaptations |
Question 13 |
A | An isolated system of organisms in which a specific population lives. |
B | All the organisms in a specific area along with nonliving factors with which they interact. |
C | All the living organisms and their interaction among each other. |
D | A specific group of species, such as humans, living under a specific area and their interactions among living organisms. |
E | A specific area of study used to derive a hypothesis or a theory. |
Question 14 |
A | The observation he made that members of a population often vary in their inherited traits. |
B | Ideas and concepts taken out of the book: Principles of Geology by Charles Leyell. |
C | The observation he made that all species will only produce offspring than the environment can support. |
D | Domesticated species like dogs in which humans have used artificial selection to produce animals with desirable traits. |
Question 15 |
A | All the insects living in the City of Calgary. |
B | All the humans living in the City of Calgary. |
C | All the dogs and cats living in the City of Calgary. |
D | All the birds living in the entire world. |
E | All the insects living in the entire world. |
Question 16 |
A | eukaryotic cells |
B | fungi |
C | bacteria |
D | stromatolites |
Question 17 |
A | Human limb and whale flipper. |
B | Bat wing and insect wing. |
C | Oak leaf and maple leaf. |
D | Oak leaf and oak root. |
E | Human thumb and chimpanzee arm. |
Question 18 |
A | It can produce new genotypes that favors the entire global population of a species. |
B | It favors only the characteristics that benefit the specific population. |
C | It can change the characteristics of a population in one of very few changes to the genetic code in a very short period of time. |
D | It favors characteristics in a population that fit the current local environment. |
Question 19 |
A | Clastic rocks |
B | Metamorphic rocks |
C | Sedimentary rocks |
D | Igneous rocks |
E | Punk rocks |
Question 20 |
A | genetic shift |
B | genetic drift |
C | bottleneck effect |
D | evolution |
E | adaptation |
Question 21 |
A | Gondwanaland |
B | Diablo |
C | Pangaea |
D | Laurasia |
Question 22 |
According to the following table, what are the genotype frequencies for all three possible outcomes?
Table 1: Gene pool of the original rose plants.Red is dominant and White is recessive.
A | RR = 0.64 , Rr = 0.32 , rr = 0.04 |
B | RR = 0.60 , Rr = 0.32 , rr = 0.08 |
C | RR = 0.62 , Rr = 0.30 , rr = 0.08 |
D | RR = 0.60 , Rr = 0.36 , rr = 0.04 |
E | RR = 0.62 , Rr = 0.30 , rr = 0.04 |
F | RR = 0.64 , Rr = 0.30 , rr = 0.08 |
Note that you divide possible number of genotypes by the total number of plants for the each frequency.
Question 23 |
A | A group of organisms living in the same community. |
B | A group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed. |
C | A population in which whose members are genetically related to each other. |
D | A group of organisms whose members have the potential to reproduce either by sexual or asexual reproduction. |
Question 24 |
A | experimental process. |
B | first-order reasoning or first order analysis. |
C | deductive reasoning. |
D | inductive reasoning. |
E | scientific process. |
Question 25 |
A | ...the origins of life. |
B | ...genetic variation caused by mass extinctions and repopulation cycles. |
C | ...the origins of life plus how new species adapt and evolve. |
D | ...how new species adapt and evolve. |
Question 26 |
A | The variation in depth of view in eyesight among humans. |
B | The amount of semen/sperms that will be ejected during an ejaculation by humans. |
C | The number of brains humans could have. |
D | The eye colour of humans. |
Question 27 |
According to the following table, what is the total number of alleles in the gene pool?
Table 1: Gene pool of the original rose plants.Red is dominant and White is recessive.
A | 500 |
B | 1200 |
C | 660 |
D | 570 |
E | 600 |
Question 28 |
A | 1.5 bya |
B | 4.6 bya |
C | 3.5 bya |
D | 2.1 bya |
Question 29 |
A | Continental drift |
B | Intra- and inter-sexual selection |
C | Genetic drift |
D | Heterozygote advantage |
Question 30 |
I. Polymerization of monomers
II. Replication of RNA molecules and passing of biological information from one cell to another.
III. Abiotic synthesis of important molecules from simpler chemicals in the atmosphere.
IV. Enclosure within a lipid membrane ("protocells"), which maintained a distinct internal environment.
A | I (first to occur) , III , II , IV (last to occur) |
B | III (first to occur) , I , IV , II (last to occur) |
C | I (first to occur) , IV , III , II (last to occur) |
D | III (first to occur) , I , II , IV (last to occur) |
E | III (first to occur) , IV , I , II (last to occur) |
F | I (first to occur) , III , IV , II (last to occur) |
Question 31 |
On 26 December 2004, undersea megathrust earthquake West of Sumatra, Indonesia resulted in a Tsunami. The waves wiped out a population of cattle (cows) on the Eastern part of Sri Lanka. However, out of 2000 cattle, about 150 were able to escape death. Since the 2004 Tsunami, the cattle population has rebounded back to almost its original level. What is the major impact on the gene pool of the new generation of cattle after the Tsunami in this particular region?
A | The population most likely benefited from this catastrophic event because with reduce number of individuals, there is less competition for mating. |
B | The population is most likely underwent extremely fast evolution. |
C | The new population most likely experiencing large scale genetic mutations due to limited partners for mating. |
D | The new population most likely will not survive for a long period without a gene flow between themselves and another unrelated population. |
E | The population is most likely experiencing bottleneck effect, where there is a drastic reduction in genetic variations. |
Question 32 |
A | Geographic speciation |
B | Polyploidy speciation |
C | Habitat speciation |
D | Reproductively isolated speciation |
Question 33 |
A | Similarity in characteristics caused by one dominant allele is known as homology, while similarity in characteristics caused by two recessive alleles known as analogy. |
B | Similarity in characteristics caused by convergent evolution is known as homology, while similarity in characteristics caused by is sharing a common ancestor known as analogy. |
C | Similarity in characteristics caused by convergent evolution is known as analogy, while similarity in characteristics caused by is sharing a common ancestor known as homology. |
D | Similarity in characteristics caused by one dominant allele is known as analogy, while similarity in characteristics caused by two recessive alleles known as homology. |
Question 34 |
A | Prezygotic barriers |
B | Either because it is all depend on the type of organisms and their living environment. |
C | Postzygotic barriers |
D | Neither because natural selection do not act at this level of life. |
Question 35 |
A | Nuclear energy from the remaining elements within the gas cloud from the original nebula. |
B | Thermal energy from hydrothermal vents. |
C | Frictional energy generated by plate tectonics in the deep sea. |
D | Thermal energy from the sun. |
E | Nuclear energy released from binding of monomers. |
Question 36 |
A | Higher relative fitness |
B | Genetic drift |
C | Founder effect |
D | Disruptive selection |
E | Adaptive radiation |
Question 37 |
A | ...the outer core. |
B | ...the outer layer. |
C | ...the mantle. |
D | ...the crust. |
Question 38 |
A | The species live in different habitat within the same area and would not meet each other. |
B | The mating behavior of one species is completely different from the other. |
C | The new offspring have a weak immune system. |
D | The individual organisms are unable to produce a fertilized cell. |
Question 39 |
A | It is the process in which alleles are randomly selected for fertilization. |
B | It a process in which alleles from one population is transferred to another as a result of movement of individuals or gametes. |
C | It the process in which natural selection either modify, delete or replicate alleles from genes. |
D | It is the process in which RNA copy the DNA sequences and reproduce them by binding to proteins. |
Question 40 |
A | pq |
B | p2 |
C | 2p |
D | 2pq |
E | 2q |
Question 41 |
A | Bacteria and fungi |
B | Plants and Eukarya |
C | Plants and Animals |
D | Bacteria and Archaea |
E | Bacteria and Eukarya |
Question 42 |
A | Genetic drift |
B | Gene flow |
C | Mutations |
D | Introduction of new species |
Question 43 |
According to the following table, what are the two possible number of total alleles for Rr in this gene pool?
Table 1: Gene pool of the original rose plants.Red is dominant and White is recessive.
A | 192 (R) + 192 (r) |
B | 61 (R) + 323 (r) |
C | 131 (R) + 61(r) |
D | 61 (R) + 131 (r) |
E | 323 (R) + 61 (r) |
Question 44 |
A | molecule, tissue, cell, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem |
B | cell, molecule, organ system, organ, tissue, population, organism, ecosystem, community |
C | molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem |
D | ecosystem, population, organ system, cell, community, molecule, organ, organism, tissue |
E | cell, molecule, organ system, organ, population, tissue, organism, ecosystem, community |
Question 45 |
A | It is an idea which is still not been proven with a body of evidence. |
B | It is a statement of facts supported by a large body of evidence. |
C | It is a proposed explanation for a set of observations. |
D | It is a conceptual model developed by a scientist before a research project is undertaken. |
Question 46 |
A | ...very large populations. |
B | ...genetically isolated populations. |
C | ....asxually reproducing populations. |
D | ...geographically isolated populations. |
E | ...sexually reproducing populations. |
F | ...small populations. |
Question 47 |
A | The total collection of genes in a species at any one time. |
B | The total collection of genes in a kingdom at any one time. |
C | The total collection of genes in a population at any one time. |
D | The total collection of genes in a family at any one time. |
Question 48 |
A | ...through sudden changes in gene frequencies. |
B | ...by accumulating small changes over a a long period of time. |
C | ...by sexual reproduction at first and later by both sexual and asexual reproduction. |
D | ...by interbreeding. |
Question 49 |
A | mRNAs |
B | DNAs |
C | RNAs |
D | homeotic genes |
Question 50 |
A | Eukaryotic cells are specialized cells while Prokaryotics cells can be specialized into any type of cell. |
B | Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not. |
C | Eukaryotic cells are usually unicelluar and thought to be responsible for early life on Earth while Prokaryotics cells evolved later in the biological evolution. |
D | Prokaryotics cells are the most common type of cells in the living world that made up of plants, animals and fungi. The Prokaryotics cells are only found in bacterias. |
Question 51 |
A | It is an inherited characteristic that enhances an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment. |
B | It is the process which an organism enhances the probability of survival through acquired characteristics. |
C | It is the process in which the new genes are produced in order to survive in a changing environment. |
D | It is the process in which organisms evolve. |
Question 52 |
A | 23/2 = 11.5 combinations |
B | 23 x 2 = 46 combinations |
C | 232 = 529 combinations |
D | 223 = 8.39 x 106 combinations |
E | 23 combinations |
Question 53 |
A | I. eukaryotes II. 4.3 billion |
B | I. prokaryotes II. 4.3 billion |
C | I. prokaryotes II. 3.5 billion |
D | I. eukaryotes II. 3.5 billion |
Question 54 |
A | Yes, because we can use radiometric dating of the sediments. |
B | Yes, because we can extrapolate the history from the type of sediments. |
C | No, because we use fossils record for age determination. |
D | No, because there is no useful evidence for the history without living or non-living (abiotic) organisms within the rock strata. |
Question 55 |
A | individual |
B | DNA |
C | community |
D | organ |
E | population |
Question 56 |
A | water |
B | ammonia |
C | hydrogen |
D | carbon dioxide |
E | oxygen |
F | nitrogen |
Question 57 |
A | Spinal cord |
B | Hypothalamus |
C | Nails |
D | Appendix |
Question 58 |
A | morphological |
B | ecological |
C | biological |
D | phylogenetic |
Question 59 |
A | The environment in which the pest population live may have acted as a barrier to the pesticides' effectiveness. |
B | The evolutionary mechanisms may have introduced a new alleles to the population that resist pesticide. |
C | The natural selection may have created new alleles that are resistant to pesticides. |
D | Some individuals in a particular pest population may have the pesticide resistant alleles. |
Question 60 |
A | I. Ecology II. genetic drift |
B | I. Biology II. evolution |
C | I. Ecology II. natural selection |
D | I. Biology II. genetic drift |
E | I. Biology II. natural selection |
Question 61 |
A | Theory is similar to hypothesis but it covers a broader scope of the subject than a hypothesis. |
B | Theory is used to describe fundamental principles of science while a hypothesis is used to describe first-order observable properties. |
C | Theory is similar to hypothesis but it covers a specific area of the subject than a hypothesis. |
D | Theory and hypothesis are two terms that can be used interchangeably (same or very similar meaning). |
E | Theory can not be disproved with new evidence but hypothesis can be because hypothesis is a "working theory". |
Question 62 |
A | ...prokaryotic cells with mostly macroscopic unicellular organisms. |
B | ...prokaryotic cells with mostly microscopic unicellular organisms. |
C | ...prokaryotic cells with mostly macroscopic muticellular organisms. |
D | ...eukaryotic cells with mostly microscopic unicellular organisms. |
E | ...eukaryotic cells with mostly macroscopic multicellular organisms. |
F | ...eukaryotic cells with mostly macroscopic unicellular organisms. |
Question 63 |
A | 10% or more |
B | 100% |
C | 30% or more |
D | 50% or more |
E | 90% or more |
Question 64 |
A | Because he refused that the environment also pays a vital role in evolution of desired traits. |
B | Because he refused genetic variation within the same species. |
C | Because he assumed that inheritance traits also includes acquired characteristics. |
D | Because he assumed that inheritance traits can only be passed down to the offspring by the male population (fathers). |
Question 65 |
A | It is the process in which the dominant hunters eliminates another group of organisms. |
B | It is the process in which the current organism differentiate from its' ancestors. |
C | It is the process in which certain inherited traits are survived and reproduced than the other traits. |
D | It is a process in which a new forms of traits are developed into a phenotype (as opposed to just genotypes). |
E | It is the process in which genetic mutation occur and lead to new forms of life. |
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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. K. Ruckstuhl during Fall 2014.
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