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Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Question 1

Which of the following statement best describe: IAP<Ksp --> <1 --> SI is negative (ID-GCM1-22)

A	Not enough information is provided to answer this question.
B	Solution is supersaturated
C	Mineral precipitates
D	Chemical state is at equilibrium
E	Mineral dissolves

Question 2

Decompression melting is associated with which of the following? (ID-GCM1-06)

A	Subduction zones.
B	Convergent boundaries.
C	Strike-slip earthquakes.
D	Liquefaction.
E	Oceanic crust formation.

Question 3

What is geochronology? (ID-GCM1-02)

A	Construction of the history of rocks exclusively based on Pb-207/U-235 dating technique.
B	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on chronological sequence of sedimentation and lithification.
C	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on radiometric dating, paleomagnetic references and other techniques.
D	None of the listed answers are correct.
E	Construction of the history of rocks, fossils and sediments based on relative depositional sequences.

Question 4

What are chalcophile elements? (ID-GCM1-25)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.

Question 5

What are siderophile elements? (ID-GCM1-26)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.

Question 6

What are lithophile elements? (ID-GCM1-24)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.

Question 7

Which of the following statement is true on coordination number (CN)? (ID-GCM1-27)

A	Ionic radii decreases with increasing CN.
B	Electrostatic valency is directly proportional to CN.
C	Larger cations have a higher CN.
D	CN is a measure of number of electrons surrounding a nucleus.

Question 8

The infamous mass deficiency of atoms is attributed to which of the following? (ID-GCM1-08)

A	Atomic decay.
B	Differences in spin ratios of sub-atomic particles.
C	Energy loss.
D	Depletion of matter.

Question 9

Diamonds are associated with which of the following geological environment? (ID-GCM1-21)

A	Mantel
B	Ore deposits
C	Hydrothermal mineral deposits
D	Archean cratons
E	Subduction zones

Question 10

In this particular type of mass spectrometry, the sample solution is sprayed into a high temperature plasma produced by electromagnetic induction. (ID-GCM1-15)

A	SIMS
B	XRF-MS
C	TIMS
D	JMS
E	ICP-MS

Question 11

What is the difference between isotopes and isobars? (ID-GCM1-01)

A	Isobars are atoms of the same element in different state or configuration while isotopes are completely different elements that share several common atomic properties.
B	Isotopes have the same atomic number but different atomic mass, while isobars have the same atomic mass, but different atomic number.
C	An isobar is a particular nuclide of an element that has a specific number of neutrons, and thus, a specific mass. An isotope refers to all of the nuclides of all elements that have a particular atomic mass.
D	Isotopes are unstable states of chemical elements while isobars are regions where these unstable elements are found.
E	Isotopes have the same atomic mass but different atomic number, while isobars have the same atomic number but different atomic mass.

Question 12

According to the Aufbau Principle, maximum number of electrons that can occupy an orbital is ______ and the electrons enter the orbitals ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-09)

A	two , with lowest energy
B	six , at an angle
C	one , with lowest energy
D	one , at an angle
E	three , at an angle

Question 13

Which of the following describes the size (volume) of the orbital? (ID-GCM1-10)

A	Magnetic Quantum Number
B	Spin Quantum Number
C	Azimuthal Quantum Number
D	Principle Quantum Number

Question 14

Lherzolite has the following mineral composition. (ID-GCM1-03)

A	Clinopyroxene and Quartz
B	Orthopyroxene, Olivine and Quartz
C	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Quartz
D	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Olivine
E	Orthopyroxene and Olivine

Question 15

Elements with ____________ are e-donors. (ID-GCM1-28)

A	small atomic numbers
B	large atomic numbers
C	covalent bonds
D	low electronegativity
E	high electronegativity

Question 16

What the primary purpose of the large magnetic field used in modern mass spectrometers? (ID-GCM1-13)

A	Acceleration of the ions through the analyzing chamber.
B	Separation of isotopes based on the mass.
C	Source for the ionic mass.
D	Detection of different types of isotopes.

Question 17

A higher equilibrium constant, k indicates ________. (ID-GCM1-23)

A	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the products
B	the net reaction will result in release of energy; change in enthalpy.
C	the net reaction will result in grain of energy; change in enthalpy.
D	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the reactants

Question 18

How do we know the core of the Earth is composed of primarily Fe? (ID-GCM1-07)

A	By analyzing the sample taken from the core.
B	Based on the chemical composition of rocks on the surface.
C	By analyzing the magma composition from different volcanoes.
D	From the samples from kimberlite pipes.
E	Unique seismic signature associated with high density materials.

Question 18 Explanation:

During major earthquakes, the seismic signals can be measured at different parts of the world. By analyzing seismic signals, from these earthquakes signals that traveled across the core of the Earth, we can conclude the core is most likely rich in Fe.

Question 19

Which of the following is considered as an advantage of using Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS)? (ID-GCM1-14)

A	Very high spatial resolution.
B	Ability to obtain comprehensive analytical data within a very short time period.
C	No sample preparation is required for analysis.
D	Ability to ionize and evaporate samples at different temperatures at the same time.
E	Can used to ionize almost any element in nature.

Question 20

Referring to ionic radii, higher the ______ and smaller the ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-12)

A	atomic number , size of the atom
B	atomic number , charge
C	charge , cation
D	radius , cation
E	charge , atomic number

Question 21

A state of a system is defined by the ____ and the change in state in result in ____. (ID-GCM1-17)

A	external factors , change in internal energy
B	amount of energy , change in internal energy
C	None of the answers are correct.
D	amount of heat it contains , decreasing internal energy
E	stability of atoms , increasing in internal energy

Question 22

XRF, INAA and ICP-AES can be used for analyzing... (ID-GCM1-16)

A	major and minor elements.
B	Elements lighter than Na.
C	isotopes.
D	trace elements.

Question 23

The enthalpy of exothermic reactions will have which of the following characteristics? (ID-GCM1-18)

A	A positive change enthapy
B	Increased of net internal energy.
C	A negative change enthapy.
D	High amount of internal energy in the products.

Question 24

Which of the following statement is true about the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)? (ID-GCM1-20)

A	Samples must be vacuum chamber compatible.
B	Several elements can be analyzed at a time.
C	Sample must be in solution.
D	ASS is a non-destructive analytical method.
E	Similar to XRF, except the sample is excited by a beam of electrons.

Question 25

Ionic substitution becomes more probable under which of the following conditions? (ID-GCM1-11)

A	None of the answers are correct
B	High temperature and low pressure
C	High temperature and high pressure
D	Low temperature and high pressure
E	Low temperature and low pressure

Question 26

What analytical method is best described by the following descriptors? (ID-GCM1-19)
-Solid samples must be prepared by making them into a finely grounded rock powder pressed into pellets.
-Low detection limits (can measure trace elements)
-Rapid and precise analytical technique.
-Elements lighter than Na cannot be analyzed.

A	X-ray Florescence (XRF)
B	Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
C	Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA)
D	Electron Microprobe Analysis (EPMA)
E	Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)

Question 27

What is the composition of the Earth's crust? (ID-GCM1-04)

A	Mafic to felsic
B	Mafic to ultramafic
C	Ultramafic
D	Rich in high density rocks and minerals
E	Silicon poor

Question 28

What is the primary process/force that resulted in the formation of Earth's solid core? (ID-GCM1-05)

A	Change in temperature in the magma chamber.
B	Separation of metals from silicates.
C	Density variation between the silicon core and the magma ocean above.
D	Magnetic force.
E	Centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the Earth.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Rajeev Nair during Winter 2017 and textbook ISBN-978-1-444-35095-1.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Geology 323-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

Standing on the shoulders of giants

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Standing on the shoulders of giants