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Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Question 1

According to the Aufbau Principle, maximum number of electrons that can occupy an orbital is ______ and the electrons enter the orbitals ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-09)

A	two , with lowest energy
B	three , at an angle
C	six , at an angle
D	one , at an angle
E	one , with lowest energy

Question 2

Decompression melting is associated with which of the following? (ID-GCM1-06)

A	Convergent boundaries.
B	Liquefaction.
C	Oceanic crust formation.
D	Strike-slip earthquakes.
E	Subduction zones.

Question 3

A state of a system is defined by the ____ and the change in state in result in ____. (ID-GCM1-17)

A	external factors , change in internal energy
B	amount of heat it contains , decreasing internal energy
C	stability of atoms , increasing in internal energy
D	None of the answers are correct.
E	amount of energy , change in internal energy

Question 4

Elements with ____________ are e-donors. (ID-GCM1-28)

A	covalent bonds
B	large atomic numbers
C	low electronegativity
D	small atomic numbers
E	high electronegativity

Question 5

Which of the following describes the size (volume) of the orbital? (ID-GCM1-10)

A	Spin Quantum Number
B	Principle Quantum Number
C	Magnetic Quantum Number
D	Azimuthal Quantum Number

Question 6

Which of the following statement best describe: IAP<Ksp --> <1 --> SI is negative (ID-GCM1-22)

A	Mineral precipitates
B	Chemical state is at equilibrium
C	Solution is supersaturated
D	Not enough information is provided to answer this question.
E	Mineral dissolves

Question 7

What is the composition of the Earth's crust? (ID-GCM1-04)

A	Mafic to felsic
B	Rich in high density rocks and minerals
C	Mafic to ultramafic
D	Silicon poor
E	Ultramafic

Question 8

Lherzolite has the following mineral composition. (ID-GCM1-03)

A	Orthopyroxene, Olivine and Quartz
B	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Quartz
C	Orthopyroxene and Olivine
D	Clinopyroxene and Quartz
E	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Olivine

Question 9

What are lithophile elements? (ID-GCM1-24)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.

Question 10

What are chalcophile elements? (ID-GCM1-25)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.

Question 11

The infamous mass deficiency of atoms is attributed to which of the following? (ID-GCM1-08)

A	Atomic decay.
B	Energy loss.
C	Depletion of matter.
D	Differences in spin ratios of sub-atomic particles.

Question 12

What analytical method is best described by the following descriptors? (ID-GCM1-19)
-Solid samples must be prepared by making them into a finely grounded rock powder pressed into pellets.
-Low detection limits (can measure trace elements)
-Rapid and precise analytical technique.
-Elements lighter than Na cannot be analyzed.

A	Electron Microprobe Analysis (EPMA)
B	Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
C	X-ray Florescence (XRF)
D	Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)
E	Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA)

Question 13

What is the primary process/force that resulted in the formation of Earth's solid core? (ID-GCM1-05)

A	Change in temperature in the magma chamber.
B	Density variation between the silicon core and the magma ocean above.
C	Separation of metals from silicates.
D	Centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the Earth.
E	Magnetic force.

Question 14

A higher equilibrium constant, k indicates ________. (ID-GCM1-23)

A	the net reaction will result in grain of energy; change in enthalpy.
B	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the reactants
C	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the products
D	the net reaction will result in release of energy; change in enthalpy.

Question 15

Referring to ionic radii, higher the ______ and smaller the ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-12)

A	atomic number , size of the atom
B	charge , atomic number
C	radius , cation
D	atomic number , charge
E	charge , cation

Question 16

Which of the following statement is true on coordination number (CN)? (ID-GCM1-27)

A	Larger cations have a higher CN.
B	CN is a measure of number of electrons surrounding a nucleus.
C	Electrostatic valency is directly proportional to CN.
D	Ionic radii decreases with increasing CN.

Question 17

Which of the following statement is true about the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)? (ID-GCM1-20)

A	Sample must be in solution.
B	ASS is a non-destructive analytical method.
C	Several elements can be analyzed at a time.
D	Similar to XRF, except the sample is excited by a beam of electrons.
E	Samples must be vacuum chamber compatible.

Question 18

How do we know the core of the Earth is composed of primarily Fe? (ID-GCM1-07)

A	By analyzing the magma composition from different volcanoes.
B	Based on the chemical composition of rocks on the surface.
C	From the samples from kimberlite pipes.
D	Unique seismic signature associated with high density materials.
E	By analyzing the sample taken from the core.

Question 18 Explanation:

During major earthquakes, the seismic signals can be measured at different parts of the world. By analyzing seismic signals, from these earthquakes signals that traveled across the core of the Earth, we can conclude the core is most likely rich in Fe.

Question 19

Diamonds are associated with which of the following geological environment? (ID-GCM1-21)

A	Mantel
B	Archean cratons
C	Subduction zones
D	Ore deposits
E	Hydrothermal mineral deposits

Question 20

What is the difference between isotopes and isobars? (ID-GCM1-01)

A	Isobars are atoms of the same element in different state or configuration while isotopes are completely different elements that share several common atomic properties.
B	Isotopes are unstable states of chemical elements while isobars are regions where these unstable elements are found.
C	Isotopes have the same atomic number but different atomic mass, while isobars have the same atomic mass, but different atomic number.
D	An isobar is a particular nuclide of an element that has a specific number of neutrons, and thus, a specific mass. An isotope refers to all of the nuclides of all elements that have a particular atomic mass.
E	Isotopes have the same atomic mass but different atomic number, while isobars have the same atomic number but different atomic mass.

Question 21

What the primary purpose of the large magnetic field used in modern mass spectrometers? (ID-GCM1-13)

A	Acceleration of the ions through the analyzing chamber.
B	Detection of different types of isotopes.
C	Separation of isotopes based on the mass.
D	Source for the ionic mass.

Question 22

XRF, INAA and ICP-AES can be used for analyzing... (ID-GCM1-16)

A	major and minor elements.
B	Elements lighter than Na.
C	isotopes.
D	trace elements.

Question 23

In this particular type of mass spectrometry, the sample solution is sprayed into a high temperature plasma produced by electromagnetic induction. (ID-GCM1-15)

A	XRF-MS
B	TIMS
C	ICP-MS
D	SIMS
E	JMS

Question 24

What are siderophile elements? (ID-GCM1-26)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.

Question 25

The enthalpy of exothermic reactions will have which of the following characteristics? (ID-GCM1-18)

A	A positive change enthapy
B	Increased of net internal energy.
C	High amount of internal energy in the products.
D	A negative change enthapy.

Question 26

Ionic substitution becomes more probable under which of the following conditions? (ID-GCM1-11)

A	High temperature and high pressure
B	High temperature and low pressure
C	None of the answers are correct
D	Low temperature and high pressure
E	Low temperature and low pressure

Question 27

Which of the following is considered as an advantage of using Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS)? (ID-GCM1-14)

A	Ability to ionize and evaporate samples at different temperatures at the same time.
B	Very high spatial resolution.
C	Can used to ionize almost any element in nature.
D	No sample preparation is required for analysis.
E	Ability to obtain comprehensive analytical data within a very short time period.

Question 28

What is geochronology? (ID-GCM1-02)

A	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on chronological sequence of sedimentation and lithification.
B	Construction of the history of rocks, fossils and sediments based on relative depositional sequences.
C	None of the listed answers are correct.
D	Construction of the history of rocks exclusively based on Pb-207/U-235 dating technique.
E	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on radiometric dating, paleomagnetic references and other techniques.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Rajeev Nair during Winter 2017 and textbook ISBN-978-1-444-35095-1.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Geology 323-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

Standing on the shoulders of giants

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Standing on the shoulders of giants