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Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Question 1

A state of a system is defined by the ____ and the change in state in result in ____. (ID-GCM1-17)

A	stability of atoms , increasing in internal energy
B	amount of heat it contains , decreasing internal energy
C	amount of energy , change in internal energy
D	None of the answers are correct.
E	external factors , change in internal energy

Question 2

The enthalpy of exothermic reactions will have which of the following characteristics? (ID-GCM1-18)

A	A positive change enthapy
B	Increased of net internal energy.
C	High amount of internal energy in the products.
D	A negative change enthapy.

Question 3

Decompression melting is associated with which of the following? (ID-GCM1-06)

A	Liquefaction.
B	Subduction zones.
C	Strike-slip earthquakes.
D	Convergent boundaries.
E	Oceanic crust formation.

Question 4

What the primary purpose of the large magnetic field used in modern mass spectrometers? (ID-GCM1-13)

A	Separation of isotopes based on the mass.
B	Source for the ionic mass.
C	Detection of different types of isotopes.
D	Acceleration of the ions through the analyzing chamber.

Question 5

What are siderophile elements? (ID-GCM1-26)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.

Question 6

What analytical method is best described by the following descriptors? (ID-GCM1-19)
-Solid samples must be prepared by making them into a finely grounded rock powder pressed into pellets.
-Low detection limits (can measure trace elements)
-Rapid and precise analytical technique.
-Elements lighter than Na cannot be analyzed.

A	Electron Microprobe Analysis (EPMA)
B	Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
C	Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)
D	X-ray Florescence (XRF)
E	Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA)

Question 7

Diamonds are associated with which of the following geological environment? (ID-GCM1-21)

A	Hydrothermal mineral deposits
B	Subduction zones
C	Ore deposits
D	Archean cratons
E	Mantel

Question 8

What is geochronology? (ID-GCM1-02)

A	Construction of the history of rocks exclusively based on Pb-207/U-235 dating technique.
B	None of the listed answers are correct.
C	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on chronological sequence of sedimentation and lithification.
D	Construction of the history of rocks, fossils and sediments based on relative depositional sequences.
E	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on radiometric dating, paleomagnetic references and other techniques.

Question 9

Ionic substitution becomes more probable under which of the following conditions? (ID-GCM1-11)

A	High temperature and high pressure
B	Low temperature and low pressure
C	Low temperature and high pressure
D	High temperature and low pressure
E	None of the answers are correct

Question 10

According to the Aufbau Principle, maximum number of electrons that can occupy an orbital is ______ and the electrons enter the orbitals ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-09)

A	three , at an angle
B	two , with lowest energy
C	one , with lowest energy
D	one , at an angle
E	six , at an angle

Question 11

How do we know the core of the Earth is composed of primarily Fe? (ID-GCM1-07)

A	Based on the chemical composition of rocks on the surface.
B	Unique seismic signature associated with high density materials.
C	From the samples from kimberlite pipes.
D	By analyzing the sample taken from the core.
E	By analyzing the magma composition from different volcanoes.

Question 11 Explanation:

During major earthquakes, the seismic signals can be measured at different parts of the world. By analyzing seismic signals, from these earthquakes signals that traveled across the core of the Earth, we can conclude the core is most likely rich in Fe.

Question 12

What is the composition of the Earth's crust? (ID-GCM1-04)

A	Ultramafic
B	Mafic to felsic
C	Silicon poor
D	Mafic to ultramafic
E	Rich in high density rocks and minerals

Question 13

Lherzolite has the following mineral composition. (ID-GCM1-03)

A	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Olivine
B	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Quartz
C	Orthopyroxene, Olivine and Quartz
D	Orthopyroxene and Olivine
E	Clinopyroxene and Quartz

Question 14

Referring to ionic radii, higher the ______ and smaller the ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-12)

A	radius , cation
B	charge , atomic number
C	atomic number , size of the atom
D	charge , cation
E	atomic number , charge

Question 15

What is the primary process/force that resulted in the formation of Earth's solid core? (ID-GCM1-05)

A	Density variation between the silicon core and the magma ocean above.
B	Magnetic force.
C	Centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the Earth.
D	Change in temperature in the magma chamber.
E	Separation of metals from silicates.

Question 16

What is the difference between isotopes and isobars? (ID-GCM1-01)

A	Isotopes are unstable states of chemical elements while isobars are regions where these unstable elements are found.
B	Isotopes have the same atomic number but different atomic mass, while isobars have the same atomic mass, but different atomic number.
C	Isotopes have the same atomic mass but different atomic number, while isobars have the same atomic number but different atomic mass.
D	Isobars are atoms of the same element in different state or configuration while isotopes are completely different elements that share several common atomic properties.
E	An isobar is a particular nuclide of an element that has a specific number of neutrons, and thus, a specific mass. An isotope refers to all of the nuclides of all elements that have a particular atomic mass.

Question 17

What are chalcophile elements? (ID-GCM1-25)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.

Question 18

Which of the following describes the size (volume) of the orbital? (ID-GCM1-10)

A	Principle Quantum Number
B	Magnetic Quantum Number
C	Azimuthal Quantum Number
D	Spin Quantum Number

Question 19

The infamous mass deficiency of atoms is attributed to which of the following? (ID-GCM1-08)

A	Depletion of matter.
B	Energy loss.
C	Differences in spin ratios of sub-atomic particles.
D	Atomic decay.

Question 20

Which of the following statement best describe: IAP<Ksp --> <1 --> SI is negative (ID-GCM1-22)

A	Mineral dissolves
B	Chemical state is at equilibrium
C	Not enough information is provided to answer this question.
D	Solution is supersaturated
E	Mineral precipitates

Question 21

What are lithophile elements? (ID-GCM1-24)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.

Question 22

XRF, INAA and ICP-AES can be used for analyzing... (ID-GCM1-16)

A	major and minor elements.
B	trace elements.
C	isotopes.
D	Elements lighter than Na.

Question 23

Which of the following statement is true about the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)? (ID-GCM1-20)

A	Several elements can be analyzed at a time.
B	Sample must be in solution.
C	Similar to XRF, except the sample is excited by a beam of electrons.
D	Samples must be vacuum chamber compatible.
E	ASS is a non-destructive analytical method.

Question 24

Which of the following is considered as an advantage of using Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS)? (ID-GCM1-14)

A	Ability to obtain comprehensive analytical data within a very short time period.
B	Very high spatial resolution.
C	No sample preparation is required for analysis.
D	Can used to ionize almost any element in nature.
E	Ability to ionize and evaporate samples at different temperatures at the same time.

Question 25

In this particular type of mass spectrometry, the sample solution is sprayed into a high temperature plasma produced by electromagnetic induction. (ID-GCM1-15)

A	ICP-MS
B	XRF-MS
C	JMS
D	SIMS
E	TIMS

Question 26

Which of the following statement is true on coordination number (CN)? (ID-GCM1-27)

A	Ionic radii decreases with increasing CN.
B	CN is a measure of number of electrons surrounding a nucleus.
C	Electrostatic valency is directly proportional to CN.
D	Larger cations have a higher CN.

Question 27

A higher equilibrium constant, k indicates ________. (ID-GCM1-23)

A	the net reaction will result in release of energy; change in enthalpy.
B	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the products
C	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the reactants
D	the net reaction will result in grain of energy; change in enthalpy.

Question 28

Elements with ____________ are e-donors. (ID-GCM1-28)

A	small atomic numbers
B	covalent bonds
C	high electronegativity
D	low electronegativity
E	large atomic numbers

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Rajeev Nair during Winter 2017 and textbook ISBN-978-1-444-35095-1.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Geology 323-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

Standing on the shoulders of giants

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Standing on the shoulders of giants