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Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Question 1

Ionic substitution becomes more probable under which of the following conditions? (ID-GCM1-11)

A	High temperature and high pressure
B	Low temperature and low pressure
C	None of the answers are correct
D	High temperature and low pressure
E	Low temperature and high pressure

Question 2

What is geochronology? (ID-GCM1-02)

A	None of the listed answers are correct.
B	Construction of the history of rocks, fossils and sediments based on relative depositional sequences.
C	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on chronological sequence of sedimentation and lithification.
D	Construction of the history of rocks exclusively based on Pb-207/U-235 dating technique.
E	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on radiometric dating, paleomagnetic references and other techniques.

Question 3

Which of the following statement best describe: IAP<Ksp --> <1 --> SI is negative (ID-GCM1-22)

A	Mineral dissolves
B	Mineral precipitates
C	Chemical state is at equilibrium
D	Not enough information is provided to answer this question.
E	Solution is supersaturated

Question 4

Lherzolite has the following mineral composition. (ID-GCM1-03)

A	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Quartz
B	Orthopyroxene, Olivine and Quartz
C	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Olivine
D	Clinopyroxene and Quartz
E	Orthopyroxene and Olivine

Question 5

According to the Aufbau Principle, maximum number of electrons that can occupy an orbital is ______ and the electrons enter the orbitals ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-09)

A	six , at an angle
B	one , with lowest energy
C	three , at an angle
D	one , at an angle
E	two , with lowest energy

Question 6

What is the composition of the Earth's crust? (ID-GCM1-04)

A	Ultramafic
B	Mafic to felsic
C	Mafic to ultramafic
D	Rich in high density rocks and minerals
E	Silicon poor

Question 7

Which of the following statement is true on coordination number (CN)? (ID-GCM1-27)

A	Larger cations have a higher CN.
B	Ionic radii decreases with increasing CN.
C	CN is a measure of number of electrons surrounding a nucleus.
D	Electrostatic valency is directly proportional to CN.

Question 8

Which of the following describes the size (volume) of the orbital? (ID-GCM1-10)

A	Magnetic Quantum Number
B	Principle Quantum Number
C	Azimuthal Quantum Number
D	Spin Quantum Number

Question 9

The enthalpy of exothermic reactions will have which of the following characteristics? (ID-GCM1-18)

A	A positive change enthapy
B	Increased of net internal energy.
C	High amount of internal energy in the products.
D	A negative change enthapy.

Question 10

The infamous mass deficiency of atoms is attributed to which of the following? (ID-GCM1-08)

A	Differences in spin ratios of sub-atomic particles.
B	Energy loss.
C	Depletion of matter.
D	Atomic decay.

Question 11

What is the difference between isotopes and isobars? (ID-GCM1-01)

A	An isobar is a particular nuclide of an element that has a specific number of neutrons, and thus, a specific mass. An isotope refers to all of the nuclides of all elements that have a particular atomic mass.
B	Isobars are atoms of the same element in different state or configuration while isotopes are completely different elements that share several common atomic properties.
C	Isotopes have the same atomic number but different atomic mass, while isobars have the same atomic mass, but different atomic number.
D	Isotopes are unstable states of chemical elements while isobars are regions where these unstable elements are found.
E	Isotopes have the same atomic mass but different atomic number, while isobars have the same atomic number but different atomic mass.

Question 12

Referring to ionic radii, higher the ______ and smaller the ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-12)

A	atomic number , size of the atom
B	atomic number , charge
C	charge , cation
D	charge , atomic number
E	radius , cation

Question 13

Which of the following is considered as an advantage of using Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS)? (ID-GCM1-14)

A	Can used to ionize almost any element in nature.
B	No sample preparation is required for analysis.
C	Very high spatial resolution.
D	Ability to ionize and evaporate samples at different temperatures at the same time.
E	Ability to obtain comprehensive analytical data within a very short time period.

Question 14

A higher equilibrium constant, k indicates ________. (ID-GCM1-23)

A	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the reactants
B	the net reaction will result in grain of energy; change in enthalpy.
C	the net reaction will result in release of energy; change in enthalpy.
D	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the products

Question 15

Decompression melting is associated with which of the following? (ID-GCM1-06)

A	Strike-slip earthquakes.
B	Oceanic crust formation.
C	Subduction zones.
D	Convergent boundaries.
E	Liquefaction.

Question 16

Which of the following statement is true about the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)? (ID-GCM1-20)

A	Samples must be vacuum chamber compatible.
B	Similar to XRF, except the sample is excited by a beam of electrons.
C	ASS is a non-destructive analytical method.
D	Sample must be in solution.
E	Several elements can be analyzed at a time.

Question 17

What are chalcophile elements? (ID-GCM1-25)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.

Question 18

How do we know the core of the Earth is composed of primarily Fe? (ID-GCM1-07)

A	Unique seismic signature associated with high density materials.
B	By analyzing the magma composition from different volcanoes.
C	From the samples from kimberlite pipes.
D	By analyzing the sample taken from the core.
E	Based on the chemical composition of rocks on the surface.

Question 18 Explanation:

During major earthquakes, the seismic signals can be measured at different parts of the world. By analyzing seismic signals, from these earthquakes signals that traveled across the core of the Earth, we can conclude the core is most likely rich in Fe.

Question 19

What is the primary process/force that resulted in the formation of Earth's solid core? (ID-GCM1-05)

A	Density variation between the silicon core and the magma ocean above.
B	Separation of metals from silicates.
C	Change in temperature in the magma chamber.
D	Centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the Earth.
E	Magnetic force.

Question 20

XRF, INAA and ICP-AES can be used for analyzing... (ID-GCM1-16)

A	trace elements.
B	isotopes.
C	Elements lighter than Na.
D	major and minor elements.

Question 21

What the primary purpose of the large magnetic field used in modern mass spectrometers? (ID-GCM1-13)

A	Source for the ionic mass.
B	Separation of isotopes based on the mass.
C	Acceleration of the ions through the analyzing chamber.
D	Detection of different types of isotopes.

Question 22

In this particular type of mass spectrometry, the sample solution is sprayed into a high temperature plasma produced by electromagnetic induction. (ID-GCM1-15)

A	SIMS
B	JMS
C	ICP-MS
D	XRF-MS
E	TIMS

Question 23

What are siderophile elements? (ID-GCM1-26)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.

Question 24

A state of a system is defined by the ____ and the change in state in result in ____. (ID-GCM1-17)

A	amount of energy , change in internal energy
B	external factors , change in internal energy
C	stability of atoms , increasing in internal energy
D	amount of heat it contains , decreasing internal energy
E	None of the answers are correct.

Question 25

Elements with ____________ are e-donors. (ID-GCM1-28)

A	low electronegativity
B	high electronegativity
C	small atomic numbers
D	large atomic numbers
E	covalent bonds

Question 26

What analytical method is best described by the following descriptors? (ID-GCM1-19)
-Solid samples must be prepared by making them into a finely grounded rock powder pressed into pellets.
-Low detection limits (can measure trace elements)
-Rapid and precise analytical technique.
-Elements lighter than Na cannot be analyzed.

A	Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
B	Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)
C	Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA)
D	X-ray Florescence (XRF)
E	Electron Microprobe Analysis (EPMA)

Question 27

Diamonds are associated with which of the following geological environment? (ID-GCM1-21)

A	Archean cratons
B	Mantel
C	Ore deposits
D	Hydrothermal mineral deposits
E	Subduction zones

Question 28

What are lithophile elements? (ID-GCM1-24)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Rajeev Nair during Winter 2017 and textbook ISBN-978-1-444-35095-1.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Geology 323-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

Standing on the shoulders of giants

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Standing on the shoulders of giants