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Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Question 1

Diamonds are associated with which of the following geological environment? (ID-GCM1-21)

A	Archean cratons
B	Ore deposits
C	Subduction zones
D	Hydrothermal mineral deposits
E	Mantel

Question 2

The infamous mass deficiency of atoms is attributed to which of the following? (ID-GCM1-08)

A	Energy loss.
B	Atomic decay.
C	Differences in spin ratios of sub-atomic particles.
D	Depletion of matter.

Question 3

What the primary purpose of the large magnetic field used in modern mass spectrometers? (ID-GCM1-13)

A	Acceleration of the ions through the analyzing chamber.
B	Separation of isotopes based on the mass.
C	Detection of different types of isotopes.
D	Source for the ionic mass.

Question 4

What is the composition of the Earth's crust? (ID-GCM1-04)

A	Mafic to ultramafic
B	Ultramafic
C	Rich in high density rocks and minerals
D	Mafic to felsic
E	Silicon poor

Question 5

A higher equilibrium constant, k indicates ________. (ID-GCM1-23)

A	the net reaction will result in release of energy; change in enthalpy.
B	the net reaction will result in grain of energy; change in enthalpy.
C	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the products
D	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the reactants

Question 6

Decompression melting is associated with which of the following? (ID-GCM1-06)

A	Subduction zones.
B	Liquefaction.
C	Oceanic crust formation.
D	Convergent boundaries.
E	Strike-slip earthquakes.

Question 7

What is the primary process/force that resulted in the formation of Earth's solid core? (ID-GCM1-05)

A	Separation of metals from silicates.
B	Density variation between the silicon core and the magma ocean above.
C	Centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the Earth.
D	Magnetic force.
E	Change in temperature in the magma chamber.

Question 8

Which of the following describes the size (volume) of the orbital? (ID-GCM1-10)

A	Azimuthal Quantum Number
B	Principle Quantum Number
C	Spin Quantum Number
D	Magnetic Quantum Number

Question 9

Lherzolite has the following mineral composition. (ID-GCM1-03)

A	Orthopyroxene and Olivine
B	Orthopyroxene, Olivine and Quartz
C	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Quartz
D	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Olivine
E	Clinopyroxene and Quartz

Question 10

Which of the following statement is true about the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)? (ID-GCM1-20)

A	Similar to XRF, except the sample is excited by a beam of electrons.
B	ASS is a non-destructive analytical method.
C	Samples must be vacuum chamber compatible.
D	Sample must be in solution.
E	Several elements can be analyzed at a time.

Question 11

What are chalcophile elements? (ID-GCM1-25)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.

Question 12

In this particular type of mass spectrometry, the sample solution is sprayed into a high temperature plasma produced by electromagnetic induction. (ID-GCM1-15)

A	ICP-MS
B	TIMS
C	JMS
D	XRF-MS
E	SIMS

Question 13

According to the Aufbau Principle, maximum number of electrons that can occupy an orbital is ______ and the electrons enter the orbitals ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-09)

A	three , at an angle
B	two , with lowest energy
C	six , at an angle
D	one , at an angle
E	one , with lowest energy

Question 14

Referring to ionic radii, higher the ______ and smaller the ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-12)

A	charge , cation
B	charge , atomic number
C	atomic number , charge
D	atomic number , size of the atom
E	radius , cation

Question 15

Ionic substitution becomes more probable under which of the following conditions? (ID-GCM1-11)

A	None of the answers are correct
B	Low temperature and high pressure
C	High temperature and high pressure
D	Low temperature and low pressure
E	High temperature and low pressure

Question 16

How do we know the core of the Earth is composed of primarily Fe? (ID-GCM1-07)

A	From the samples from kimberlite pipes.
B	By analyzing the magma composition from different volcanoes.
C	Unique seismic signature associated with high density materials.
D	By analyzing the sample taken from the core.
E	Based on the chemical composition of rocks on the surface.

Question 16 Explanation:

During major earthquakes, the seismic signals can be measured at different parts of the world. By analyzing seismic signals, from these earthquakes signals that traveled across the core of the Earth, we can conclude the core is most likely rich in Fe.

Question 17

XRF, INAA and ICP-AES can be used for analyzing... (ID-GCM1-16)

A	major and minor elements.
B	trace elements.
C	isotopes.
D	Elements lighter than Na.

Question 18

What is the difference between isotopes and isobars? (ID-GCM1-01)

A	Isotopes have the same atomic mass but different atomic number, while isobars have the same atomic number but different atomic mass.
B	An isobar is a particular nuclide of an element that has a specific number of neutrons, and thus, a specific mass. An isotope refers to all of the nuclides of all elements that have a particular atomic mass.
C	Isobars are atoms of the same element in different state or configuration while isotopes are completely different elements that share several common atomic properties.
D	Isotopes have the same atomic number but different atomic mass, while isobars have the same atomic mass, but different atomic number.
E	Isotopes are unstable states of chemical elements while isobars are regions where these unstable elements are found.

Question 19

What is geochronology? (ID-GCM1-02)

A	Construction of the history of rocks, fossils and sediments based on relative depositional sequences.
B	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on chronological sequence of sedimentation and lithification.
C	None of the listed answers are correct.
D	Construction of the history of rocks exclusively based on Pb-207/U-235 dating technique.
E	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on radiometric dating, paleomagnetic references and other techniques.

Question 20

A state of a system is defined by the ____ and the change in state in result in ____. (ID-GCM1-17)

A	stability of atoms , increasing in internal energy
B	None of the answers are correct.
C	amount of energy , change in internal energy
D	amount of heat it contains , decreasing internal energy
E	external factors , change in internal energy

Question 21

Elements with ____________ are e-donors. (ID-GCM1-28)

A	large atomic numbers
B	high electronegativity
C	covalent bonds
D	small atomic numbers
E	low electronegativity

Question 22

What analytical method is best described by the following descriptors? (ID-GCM1-19)
-Solid samples must be prepared by making them into a finely grounded rock powder pressed into pellets.
-Low detection limits (can measure trace elements)
-Rapid and precise analytical technique.
-Elements lighter than Na cannot be analyzed.

A	Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)
B	Electron Microprobe Analysis (EPMA)
C	Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
D	X-ray Florescence (XRF)
E	Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA)

Question 23

The enthalpy of exothermic reactions will have which of the following characteristics? (ID-GCM1-18)

A	Increased of net internal energy.
B	High amount of internal energy in the products.
C	A negative change enthapy.
D	A positive change enthapy

Question 24

What are siderophile elements? (ID-GCM1-26)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.

Question 25

Which of the following statement is true on coordination number (CN)? (ID-GCM1-27)

A	Ionic radii decreases with increasing CN.
B	Electrostatic valency is directly proportional to CN.
C	CN is a measure of number of electrons surrounding a nucleus.
D	Larger cations have a higher CN.

Question 26

What are lithophile elements? (ID-GCM1-24)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.

Question 27

Which of the following statement best describe: IAP<Ksp --> <1 --> SI is negative (ID-GCM1-22)

A	Solution is supersaturated
B	Chemical state is at equilibrium
C	Not enough information is provided to answer this question.
D	Mineral dissolves
E	Mineral precipitates

Question 28

Which of the following is considered as an advantage of using Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS)? (ID-GCM1-14)

A	Can used to ionize almost any element in nature.
B	Very high spatial resolution.
C	Ability to obtain comprehensive analytical data within a very short time period.
D	Ability to ionize and evaporate samples at different temperatures at the same time.
E	No sample preparation is required for analysis.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Rajeev Nair during Winter 2017 and textbook ISBN-978-1-444-35095-1.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Geology 323-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

Standing on the shoulders of giants

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Standing on the shoulders of giants