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Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Question 1

In this particular type of mass spectrometry, the sample solution is sprayed into a high temperature plasma produced by electromagnetic induction. (ID-GCM1-15)

A	JMS
B	ICP-MS
C	TIMS
D	SIMS
E	XRF-MS

Question 2

What is the primary process/force that resulted in the formation of Earth's solid core? (ID-GCM1-05)

A	Centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the Earth.
B	Change in temperature in the magma chamber.
C	Magnetic force.
D	Density variation between the silicon core and the magma ocean above.
E	Separation of metals from silicates.

Question 3

What is the difference between isotopes and isobars? (ID-GCM1-01)

A	Isobars are atoms of the same element in different state or configuration while isotopes are completely different elements that share several common atomic properties.
B	Isotopes are unstable states of chemical elements while isobars are regions where these unstable elements are found.
C	An isobar is a particular nuclide of an element that has a specific number of neutrons, and thus, a specific mass. An isotope refers to all of the nuclides of all elements that have a particular atomic mass.
D	Isotopes have the same atomic number but different atomic mass, while isobars have the same atomic mass, but different atomic number.
E	Isotopes have the same atomic mass but different atomic number, while isobars have the same atomic number but different atomic mass.

Question 4

What are siderophile elements? (ID-GCM1-26)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.

Question 5

What is geochronology? (ID-GCM1-02)

A	None of the listed answers are correct.
B	Construction of the history of rocks, fossils and sediments based on relative depositional sequences.
C	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on radiometric dating, paleomagnetic references and other techniques.
D	Construction of the history of rocks exclusively based on Pb-207/U-235 dating technique.
E	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on chronological sequence of sedimentation and lithification.

Question 6

A higher equilibrium constant, k indicates ________. (ID-GCM1-23)

A	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the products
B	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the reactants
C	the net reaction will result in grain of energy; change in enthalpy.
D	the net reaction will result in release of energy; change in enthalpy.

Question 7

Referring to ionic radii, higher the ______ and smaller the ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-12)

A	charge , cation
B	atomic number , charge
C	atomic number , size of the atom
D	radius , cation
E	charge , atomic number

Question 8

What is the composition of the Earth's crust? (ID-GCM1-04)

A	Mafic to felsic
B	Mafic to ultramafic
C	Ultramafic
D	Rich in high density rocks and minerals
E	Silicon poor

Question 9

Which of the following statement is true about the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)? (ID-GCM1-20)

A	Samples must be vacuum chamber compatible.
B	Sample must be in solution.
C	Similar to XRF, except the sample is excited by a beam of electrons.
D	ASS is a non-destructive analytical method.
E	Several elements can be analyzed at a time.

Question 10

Which of the following is considered as an advantage of using Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS)? (ID-GCM1-14)

A	Can used to ionize almost any element in nature.
B	Very high spatial resolution.
C	No sample preparation is required for analysis.
D	Ability to ionize and evaporate samples at different temperatures at the same time.
E	Ability to obtain comprehensive analytical data within a very short time period.

Question 11

Diamonds are associated with which of the following geological environment? (ID-GCM1-21)

A	Hydrothermal mineral deposits
B	Subduction zones
C	Ore deposits
D	Mantel
E	Archean cratons

Question 12

What analytical method is best described by the following descriptors? (ID-GCM1-19)
-Solid samples must be prepared by making them into a finely grounded rock powder pressed into pellets.
-Low detection limits (can measure trace elements)
-Rapid and precise analytical technique.
-Elements lighter than Na cannot be analyzed.

A	Electron Microprobe Analysis (EPMA)
B	Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA)
C	Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)
D	X-ray Florescence (XRF)
E	Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)

Question 13

According to the Aufbau Principle, maximum number of electrons that can occupy an orbital is ______ and the electrons enter the orbitals ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-09)

A	two , with lowest energy
B	three , at an angle
C	six , at an angle
D	one , at an angle
E	one , with lowest energy

Question 14

What are chalcophile elements? (ID-GCM1-25)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.

Question 15

A state of a system is defined by the ____ and the change in state in result in ____. (ID-GCM1-17)

A	amount of energy , change in internal energy
B	external factors , change in internal energy
C	stability of atoms , increasing in internal energy
D	None of the answers are correct.
E	amount of heat it contains , decreasing internal energy

Question 16

The infamous mass deficiency of atoms is attributed to which of the following? (ID-GCM1-08)

A	Differences in spin ratios of sub-atomic particles.
B	Energy loss.
C	Depletion of matter.
D	Atomic decay.

Question 17

Which of the following statement is true on coordination number (CN)? (ID-GCM1-27)

A	Electrostatic valency is directly proportional to CN.
B	Larger cations have a higher CN.
C	CN is a measure of number of electrons surrounding a nucleus.
D	Ionic radii decreases with increasing CN.

Question 18

The enthalpy of exothermic reactions will have which of the following characteristics? (ID-GCM1-18)

A	Increased of net internal energy.
B	A positive change enthapy
C	A negative change enthapy.
D	High amount of internal energy in the products.

Question 19

XRF, INAA and ICP-AES can be used for analyzing... (ID-GCM1-16)

A	major and minor elements.
B	trace elements.
C	isotopes.
D	Elements lighter than Na.

Question 20

Decompression melting is associated with which of the following? (ID-GCM1-06)

A	Convergent boundaries.
B	Liquefaction.
C	Subduction zones.
D	Oceanic crust formation.
E	Strike-slip earthquakes.

Question 21

Which of the following describes the size (volume) of the orbital? (ID-GCM1-10)

A	Azimuthal Quantum Number
B	Magnetic Quantum Number
C	Principle Quantum Number
D	Spin Quantum Number

Question 22

What are lithophile elements? (ID-GCM1-24)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.

Question 23

How do we know the core of the Earth is composed of primarily Fe? (ID-GCM1-07)

A	Unique seismic signature associated with high density materials.
B	By analyzing the magma composition from different volcanoes.
C	Based on the chemical composition of rocks on the surface.
D	By analyzing the sample taken from the core.
E	From the samples from kimberlite pipes.

Question 23 Explanation:

During major earthquakes, the seismic signals can be measured at different parts of the world. By analyzing seismic signals, from these earthquakes signals that traveled across the core of the Earth, we can conclude the core is most likely rich in Fe.

Question 24

Lherzolite has the following mineral composition. (ID-GCM1-03)

A	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Quartz
B	Orthopyroxene, Olivine and Quartz
C	Orthopyroxene and Olivine
D	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Olivine
E	Clinopyroxene and Quartz

Question 25

What the primary purpose of the large magnetic field used in modern mass spectrometers? (ID-GCM1-13)

A	Detection of different types of isotopes.
B	Source for the ionic mass.
C	Acceleration of the ions through the analyzing chamber.
D	Separation of isotopes based on the mass.

Question 26

Ionic substitution becomes more probable under which of the following conditions? (ID-GCM1-11)

A	High temperature and low pressure
B	None of the answers are correct
C	Low temperature and high pressure
D	High temperature and high pressure
E	Low temperature and low pressure

Question 27

Which of the following statement best describe: IAP<Ksp --> <1 --> SI is negative (ID-GCM1-22)

A	Mineral precipitates
B	Chemical state is at equilibrium
C	Solution is supersaturated
D	Mineral dissolves
E	Not enough information is provided to answer this question.

Question 28

Elements with ____________ are e-donors. (ID-GCM1-28)

A	high electronegativity
B	small atomic numbers
C	covalent bonds
D	large atomic numbers
E	low electronegativity

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Rajeev Nair during Winter 2017 and textbook ISBN-978-1-444-35095-1.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Geology 323-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

Standing on the shoulders of giants

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Standing on the shoulders of giants