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Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Question 1

Ionic substitution becomes more probable under which of the following conditions? (ID-GCM1-11)

A	None of the answers are correct
B	High temperature and high pressure
C	Low temperature and high pressure
D	High temperature and low pressure
E	Low temperature and low pressure

Question 2

What is the primary process/force that resulted in the formation of Earth's solid core? (ID-GCM1-05)

A	Magnetic force.
B	Centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the Earth.
C	Density variation between the silicon core and the magma ocean above.
D	Separation of metals from silicates.
E	Change in temperature in the magma chamber.

Question 3

What are chalcophile elements? (ID-GCM1-25)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.

Question 4

Which of the following statement is true about the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)? (ID-GCM1-20)

A	Sample must be in solution.
B	Samples must be vacuum chamber compatible.
C	ASS is a non-destructive analytical method.
D	Several elements can be analyzed at a time.
E	Similar to XRF, except the sample is excited by a beam of electrons.

Question 5

What is the difference between isotopes and isobars? (ID-GCM1-01)

A	Isobars are atoms of the same element in different state or configuration while isotopes are completely different elements that share several common atomic properties.
B	Isotopes have the same atomic number but different atomic mass, while isobars have the same atomic mass, but different atomic number.
C	Isotopes have the same atomic mass but different atomic number, while isobars have the same atomic number but different atomic mass.
D	Isotopes are unstable states of chemical elements while isobars are regions where these unstable elements are found.
E	An isobar is a particular nuclide of an element that has a specific number of neutrons, and thus, a specific mass. An isotope refers to all of the nuclides of all elements that have a particular atomic mass.

Question 6

Which of the following statement is true on coordination number (CN)? (ID-GCM1-27)

A	CN is a measure of number of electrons surrounding a nucleus.
B	Electrostatic valency is directly proportional to CN.
C	Larger cations have a higher CN.
D	Ionic radii decreases with increasing CN.

Question 7

A higher equilibrium constant, k indicates ________. (ID-GCM1-23)

A	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the products
B	the net reaction will result in release of energy; change in enthalpy.
C	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the reactants
D	the net reaction will result in grain of energy; change in enthalpy.

Question 8

What are siderophile elements? (ID-GCM1-26)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.

Question 9

What analytical method is best described by the following descriptors? (ID-GCM1-19)
-Solid samples must be prepared by making them into a finely grounded rock powder pressed into pellets.
-Low detection limits (can measure trace elements)
-Rapid and precise analytical technique.
-Elements lighter than Na cannot be analyzed.

A	Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA)
B	Electron Microprobe Analysis (EPMA)
C	X-ray Florescence (XRF)
D	Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
E	Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)

Question 10

How do we know the core of the Earth is composed of primarily Fe? (ID-GCM1-07)

A	Unique seismic signature associated with high density materials.
B	By analyzing the magma composition from different volcanoes.
C	Based on the chemical composition of rocks on the surface.
D	By analyzing the sample taken from the core.
E	From the samples from kimberlite pipes.

Question 10 Explanation:

During major earthquakes, the seismic signals can be measured at different parts of the world. By analyzing seismic signals, from these earthquakes signals that traveled across the core of the Earth, we can conclude the core is most likely rich in Fe.

Question 11

According to the Aufbau Principle, maximum number of electrons that can occupy an orbital is ______ and the electrons enter the orbitals ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-09)

A	one , at an angle
B	three , at an angle
C	six , at an angle
D	two , with lowest energy
E	one , with lowest energy

Question 12

Which of the following describes the size (volume) of the orbital? (ID-GCM1-10)

A	Principle Quantum Number
B	Magnetic Quantum Number
C	Azimuthal Quantum Number
D	Spin Quantum Number

Question 13

What is geochronology? (ID-GCM1-02)

A	Construction of the history of rocks, fossils and sediments based on relative depositional sequences.
B	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on chronological sequence of sedimentation and lithification.
C	Construction of the history of rocks exclusively based on Pb-207/U-235 dating technique.
D	None of the listed answers are correct.
E	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on radiometric dating, paleomagnetic references and other techniques.

Question 14

Elements with ____________ are e-donors. (ID-GCM1-28)

A	large atomic numbers
B	covalent bonds
C	small atomic numbers
D	low electronegativity
E	high electronegativity

Question 15

What is the composition of the Earth's crust? (ID-GCM1-04)

A	Rich in high density rocks and minerals
B	Ultramafic
C	Mafic to ultramafic
D	Mafic to felsic
E	Silicon poor

Question 16

Lherzolite has the following mineral composition. (ID-GCM1-03)

A	Orthopyroxene, Olivine and Quartz
B	Clinopyroxene and Quartz
C	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Olivine
D	Orthopyroxene and Olivine
E	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Quartz

Question 17

Diamonds are associated with which of the following geological environment? (ID-GCM1-21)

A	Mantel
B	Ore deposits
C	Archean cratons
D	Hydrothermal mineral deposits
E	Subduction zones

Question 18

Which of the following statement best describe: IAP<Ksp --> <1 --> SI is negative (ID-GCM1-22)

A	Solution is supersaturated
B	Mineral precipitates
C	Chemical state is at equilibrium
D	Mineral dissolves
E	Not enough information is provided to answer this question.

Question 19

The enthalpy of exothermic reactions will have which of the following characteristics? (ID-GCM1-18)

A	A negative change enthapy.
B	High amount of internal energy in the products.
C	Increased of net internal energy.
D	A positive change enthapy

Question 20

XRF, INAA and ICP-AES can be used for analyzing... (ID-GCM1-16)

A	isotopes.
B	Elements lighter than Na.
C	trace elements.
D	major and minor elements.

Question 21

Decompression melting is associated with which of the following? (ID-GCM1-06)

A	Convergent boundaries.
B	Liquefaction.
C	Strike-slip earthquakes.
D	Oceanic crust formation.
E	Subduction zones.

Question 22

Referring to ionic radii, higher the ______ and smaller the ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-12)

A	charge , atomic number
B	atomic number , size of the atom
C	radius , cation
D	charge , cation
E	atomic number , charge

Question 23

What are lithophile elements? (ID-GCM1-24)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.

Question 24

What the primary purpose of the large magnetic field used in modern mass spectrometers? (ID-GCM1-13)

A	Acceleration of the ions through the analyzing chamber.
B	Detection of different types of isotopes.
C	Source for the ionic mass.
D	Separation of isotopes based on the mass.

Question 25

In this particular type of mass spectrometry, the sample solution is sprayed into a high temperature plasma produced by electromagnetic induction. (ID-GCM1-15)

A	JMS
B	ICP-MS
C	XRF-MS
D	TIMS
E	SIMS

Question 26

Which of the following is considered as an advantage of using Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS)? (ID-GCM1-14)

A	Very high spatial resolution.
B	No sample preparation is required for analysis.
C	Ability to obtain comprehensive analytical data within a very short time period.
D	Can used to ionize almost any element in nature.
E	Ability to ionize and evaporate samples at different temperatures at the same time.

Question 27

The infamous mass deficiency of atoms is attributed to which of the following? (ID-GCM1-08)

A	Energy loss.
B	Atomic decay.
C	Depletion of matter.
D	Differences in spin ratios of sub-atomic particles.

Question 28

A state of a system is defined by the ____ and the change in state in result in ____. (ID-GCM1-17)

A	None of the answers are correct.
B	amount of heat it contains , decreasing internal energy
C	stability of atoms , increasing in internal energy
D	amount of energy , change in internal energy
E	external factors , change in internal energy

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Rajeev Nair during Winter 2017 and textbook ISBN-978-1-444-35095-1.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Geology 323-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

Standing on the shoulders of giants

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Standing on the shoulders of giants