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Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Question 1

XRF, INAA and ICP-AES can be used for analyzing... (ID-GCM1-16)

A	trace elements.
B	Elements lighter than Na.
C	major and minor elements.
D	isotopes.

Question 2

Which of the following statement is true on coordination number (CN)? (ID-GCM1-27)

A	Electrostatic valency is directly proportional to CN.
B	CN is a measure of number of electrons surrounding a nucleus.
C	Ionic radii decreases with increasing CN.
D	Larger cations have a higher CN.

Question 3

According to the Aufbau Principle, maximum number of electrons that can occupy an orbital is ______ and the electrons enter the orbitals ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-09)

A	three , at an angle
B	six , at an angle
C	two , with lowest energy
D	one , at an angle
E	one , with lowest energy

Question 4

What are siderophile elements? (ID-GCM1-26)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.

Question 5

Which of the following describes the size (volume) of the orbital? (ID-GCM1-10)

A	Spin Quantum Number
B	Principle Quantum Number
C	Azimuthal Quantum Number
D	Magnetic Quantum Number

Question 6

What are chalcophile elements? (ID-GCM1-25)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.

Question 7

What are lithophile elements? (ID-GCM1-24)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.

Question 8

In this particular type of mass spectrometry, the sample solution is sprayed into a high temperature plasma produced by electromagnetic induction. (ID-GCM1-15)

A	XRF-MS
B	TIMS
C	JMS
D	SIMS
E	ICP-MS

Question 9

A state of a system is defined by the ____ and the change in state in result in ____. (ID-GCM1-17)

A	None of the answers are correct.
B	amount of energy , change in internal energy
C	stability of atoms , increasing in internal energy
D	amount of heat it contains , decreasing internal energy
E	external factors , change in internal energy

Question 10

What the primary purpose of the large magnetic field used in modern mass spectrometers? (ID-GCM1-13)

A	Source for the ionic mass.
B	Detection of different types of isotopes.
C	Acceleration of the ions through the analyzing chamber.
D	Separation of isotopes based on the mass.

Question 11

What analytical method is best described by the following descriptors? (ID-GCM1-19)
-Solid samples must be prepared by making them into a finely grounded rock powder pressed into pellets.
-Low detection limits (can measure trace elements)
-Rapid and precise analytical technique.
-Elements lighter than Na cannot be analyzed.

A	Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
B	X-ray Florescence (XRF)
C	Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA)
D	Electron Microprobe Analysis (EPMA)
E	Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)

Question 12

How do we know the core of the Earth is composed of primarily Fe? (ID-GCM1-07)

A	By analyzing the magma composition from different volcanoes.
B	By analyzing the sample taken from the core.
C	Unique seismic signature associated with high density materials.
D	From the samples from kimberlite pipes.
E	Based on the chemical composition of rocks on the surface.

Question 12 Explanation:

During major earthquakes, the seismic signals can be measured at different parts of the world. By analyzing seismic signals, from these earthquakes signals that traveled across the core of the Earth, we can conclude the core is most likely rich in Fe.

Question 13

What is the difference between isotopes and isobars? (ID-GCM1-01)

A	Isotopes are unstable states of chemical elements while isobars are regions where these unstable elements are found.
B	Isobars are atoms of the same element in different state or configuration while isotopes are completely different elements that share several common atomic properties.
C	Isotopes have the same atomic number but different atomic mass, while isobars have the same atomic mass, but different atomic number.
D	Isotopes have the same atomic mass but different atomic number, while isobars have the same atomic number but different atomic mass.
E	An isobar is a particular nuclide of an element that has a specific number of neutrons, and thus, a specific mass. An isotope refers to all of the nuclides of all elements that have a particular atomic mass.

Question 14

Referring to ionic radii, higher the ______ and smaller the ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-12)

A	atomic number , size of the atom
B	charge , cation
C	radius , cation
D	charge , atomic number
E	atomic number , charge

Question 15

Which of the following statement best describe: IAP<Ksp --> <1 --> SI is negative (ID-GCM1-22)

A	Not enough information is provided to answer this question.
B	Solution is supersaturated
C	Chemical state is at equilibrium
D	Mineral dissolves
E	Mineral precipitates

Question 16

Which of the following is considered as an advantage of using Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS)? (ID-GCM1-14)

A	Ability to obtain comprehensive analytical data within a very short time period.
B	Can used to ionize almost any element in nature.
C	Very high spatial resolution.
D	No sample preparation is required for analysis.
E	Ability to ionize and evaporate samples at different temperatures at the same time.

Question 17

The infamous mass deficiency of atoms is attributed to which of the following? (ID-GCM1-08)

A	Atomic decay.
B	Differences in spin ratios of sub-atomic particles.
C	Energy loss.
D	Depletion of matter.

Question 18

The enthalpy of exothermic reactions will have which of the following characteristics? (ID-GCM1-18)

A	High amount of internal energy in the products.
B	A positive change enthapy
C	Increased of net internal energy.
D	A negative change enthapy.

Question 19

Ionic substitution becomes more probable under which of the following conditions? (ID-GCM1-11)

A	Low temperature and high pressure
B	None of the answers are correct
C	Low temperature and low pressure
D	High temperature and high pressure
E	High temperature and low pressure

Question 20

Which of the following statement is true about the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)? (ID-GCM1-20)

A	ASS is a non-destructive analytical method.
B	Sample must be in solution.
C	Several elements can be analyzed at a time.
D	Samples must be vacuum chamber compatible.
E	Similar to XRF, except the sample is excited by a beam of electrons.

Question 21

What is geochronology? (ID-GCM1-02)

A	None of the listed answers are correct.
B	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on chronological sequence of sedimentation and lithification.
C	Construction of the history of rocks exclusively based on Pb-207/U-235 dating technique.
D	Construction of the history of rocks, fossils and sediments based on relative depositional sequences.
E	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on radiometric dating, paleomagnetic references and other techniques.

Question 22

A higher equilibrium constant, k indicates ________. (ID-GCM1-23)

A	the net reaction will result in grain of energy; change in enthalpy.
B	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the products
C	the net reaction will result in release of energy; change in enthalpy.
D	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the reactants

Question 23

Decompression melting is associated with which of the following? (ID-GCM1-06)

A	Subduction zones.
B	Convergent boundaries.
C	Strike-slip earthquakes.
D	Oceanic crust formation.
E	Liquefaction.

Question 24

Diamonds are associated with which of the following geological environment? (ID-GCM1-21)

A	Subduction zones
B	Hydrothermal mineral deposits
C	Ore deposits
D	Mantel
E	Archean cratons

Question 25

Elements with ____________ are e-donors. (ID-GCM1-28)

A	small atomic numbers
B	large atomic numbers
C	covalent bonds
D	low electronegativity
E	high electronegativity

Question 26

What is the primary process/force that resulted in the formation of Earth's solid core? (ID-GCM1-05)

A	Change in temperature in the magma chamber.
B	Centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the Earth.
C	Density variation between the silicon core and the magma ocean above.
D	Separation of metals from silicates.
E	Magnetic force.

Question 27

What is the composition of the Earth's crust? (ID-GCM1-04)

A	Ultramafic
B	Mafic to ultramafic
C	Rich in high density rocks and minerals
D	Silicon poor
E	Mafic to felsic

Question 28

Lherzolite has the following mineral composition. (ID-GCM1-03)

A	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Quartz
B	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Olivine
C	Clinopyroxene and Quartz
D	Orthopyroxene and Olivine
E	Orthopyroxene, Olivine and Quartz

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Rajeev Nair during Winter 2017 and textbook ISBN-978-1-444-35095-1.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Geology 323-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

Standing on the shoulders of giants

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Standing on the shoulders of giants