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Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Question 1

In this particular type of mass spectrometry, the sample solution is sprayed into a high temperature plasma produced by electromagnetic induction. (ID-GCM1-15)

A	TIMS
B	XRF-MS
C	ICP-MS
D	JMS
E	SIMS

Question 2

What are chalcophile elements? (ID-GCM1-25)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.

Question 3

Which of the following describes the size (volume) of the orbital? (ID-GCM1-10)

A	Principle Quantum Number
B	Azimuthal Quantum Number
C	Spin Quantum Number
D	Magnetic Quantum Number

Question 4

XRF, INAA and ICP-AES can be used for analyzing... (ID-GCM1-16)

A	Elements lighter than Na.
B	major and minor elements.
C	trace elements.
D	isotopes.

Question 5

Which of the following statement best describe: IAP<Ksp --> <1 --> SI is negative (ID-GCM1-22)

A	Mineral precipitates
B	Chemical state is at equilibrium
C	Not enough information is provided to answer this question.
D	Solution is supersaturated
E	Mineral dissolves

Question 6

Elements with ____________ are e-donors. (ID-GCM1-28)

A	high electronegativity
B	large atomic numbers
C	covalent bonds
D	low electronegativity
E	small atomic numbers

Question 7

What are lithophile elements? (ID-GCM1-24)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.

Question 8

According to the Aufbau Principle, maximum number of electrons that can occupy an orbital is ______ and the electrons enter the orbitals ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-09)

A	three , at an angle
B	one , at an angle
C	six , at an angle
D	one , with lowest energy
E	two , with lowest energy

Question 9

What is the primary process/force that resulted in the formation of Earth's solid core? (ID-GCM1-05)

A	Centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the Earth.
B	Density variation between the silicon core and the magma ocean above.
C	Magnetic force.
D	Separation of metals from silicates.
E	Change in temperature in the magma chamber.

Question 10

Referring to ionic radii, higher the ______ and smaller the ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-12)

A	radius , cation
B	atomic number , charge
C	atomic number , size of the atom
D	charge , cation
E	charge , atomic number

Question 11

What analytical method is best described by the following descriptors? (ID-GCM1-19)
-Solid samples must be prepared by making them into a finely grounded rock powder pressed into pellets.
-Low detection limits (can measure trace elements)
-Rapid and precise analytical technique.
-Elements lighter than Na cannot be analyzed.

A	X-ray Florescence (XRF)
B	Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)
C	Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
D	Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA)
E	Electron Microprobe Analysis (EPMA)

Question 12

Diamonds are associated with which of the following geological environment? (ID-GCM1-21)

A	Mantel
B	Ore deposits
C	Subduction zones
D	Archean cratons
E	Hydrothermal mineral deposits

Question 13

What the primary purpose of the large magnetic field used in modern mass spectrometers? (ID-GCM1-13)

A	Detection of different types of isotopes.
B	Acceleration of the ions through the analyzing chamber.
C	Separation of isotopes based on the mass.
D	Source for the ionic mass.

Question 14

Which of the following statement is true about the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)? (ID-GCM1-20)

A	Sample must be in solution.
B	Several elements can be analyzed at a time.
C	Similar to XRF, except the sample is excited by a beam of electrons.
D	Samples must be vacuum chamber compatible.
E	ASS is a non-destructive analytical method.

Question 15

What is the composition of the Earth's crust? (ID-GCM1-04)

A	Mafic to ultramafic
B	Ultramafic
C	Silicon poor
D	Rich in high density rocks and minerals
E	Mafic to felsic

Question 16

What is geochronology? (ID-GCM1-02)

A	Construction of the history of rocks, fossils and sediments based on relative depositional sequences.
B	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on radiometric dating, paleomagnetic references and other techniques.
C	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on chronological sequence of sedimentation and lithification.
D	None of the listed answers are correct.
E	Construction of the history of rocks exclusively based on Pb-207/U-235 dating technique.

Question 17

What is the difference between isotopes and isobars? (ID-GCM1-01)

A	Isotopes have the same atomic mass but different atomic number, while isobars have the same atomic number but different atomic mass.
B	Isotopes are unstable states of chemical elements while isobars are regions where these unstable elements are found.
C	An isobar is a particular nuclide of an element that has a specific number of neutrons, and thus, a specific mass. An isotope refers to all of the nuclides of all elements that have a particular atomic mass.
D	Isobars are atoms of the same element in different state or configuration while isotopes are completely different elements that share several common atomic properties.
E	Isotopes have the same atomic number but different atomic mass, while isobars have the same atomic mass, but different atomic number.

Question 18

The infamous mass deficiency of atoms is attributed to which of the following? (ID-GCM1-08)

A	Energy loss.
B	Atomic decay.
C	Differences in spin ratios of sub-atomic particles.
D	Depletion of matter.

Question 19

A state of a system is defined by the ____ and the change in state in result in ____. (ID-GCM1-17)

A	None of the answers are correct.
B	amount of heat it contains , decreasing internal energy
C	external factors , change in internal energy
D	amount of energy , change in internal energy
E	stability of atoms , increasing in internal energy

Question 20

The enthalpy of exothermic reactions will have which of the following characteristics? (ID-GCM1-18)

A	High amount of internal energy in the products.
B	Increased of net internal energy.
C	A negative change enthapy.
D	A positive change enthapy

Question 21

Which of the following statement is true on coordination number (CN)? (ID-GCM1-27)

A	Larger cations have a higher CN.
B	Electrostatic valency is directly proportional to CN.
C	Ionic radii decreases with increasing CN.
D	CN is a measure of number of electrons surrounding a nucleus.

Question 22

Decompression melting is associated with which of the following? (ID-GCM1-06)

A	Strike-slip earthquakes.
B	Liquefaction.
C	Convergent boundaries.
D	Oceanic crust formation.
E	Subduction zones.

Question 23

What are siderophile elements? (ID-GCM1-26)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.

Question 24

Ionic substitution becomes more probable under which of the following conditions? (ID-GCM1-11)

A	High temperature and high pressure
B	Low temperature and low pressure
C	High temperature and low pressure
D	Low temperature and high pressure
E	None of the answers are correct

Question 25

A higher equilibrium constant, k indicates ________. (ID-GCM1-23)

A	the net reaction will result in grain of energy; change in enthalpy.
B	the net reaction will result in release of energy; change in enthalpy.
C	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the products
D	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the reactants

Question 26

How do we know the core of the Earth is composed of primarily Fe? (ID-GCM1-07)

A	From the samples from kimberlite pipes.
B	Unique seismic signature associated with high density materials.
C	By analyzing the magma composition from different volcanoes.
D	By analyzing the sample taken from the core.
E	Based on the chemical composition of rocks on the surface.

Question 26 Explanation:

During major earthquakes, the seismic signals can be measured at different parts of the world. By analyzing seismic signals, from these earthquakes signals that traveled across the core of the Earth, we can conclude the core is most likely rich in Fe.

Question 27

Lherzolite has the following mineral composition. (ID-GCM1-03)

A	Clinopyroxene and Quartz
B	Orthopyroxene and Olivine
C	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Quartz
D	Orthopyroxene, Olivine and Quartz
E	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Olivine

Question 28

Which of the following is considered as an advantage of using Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS)? (ID-GCM1-14)

A	Can used to ionize almost any element in nature.
B	Ability to obtain comprehensive analytical data within a very short time period.
C	No sample preparation is required for analysis.
D	Very high spatial resolution.
E	Ability to ionize and evaporate samples at different temperatures at the same time.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Rajeev Nair during Winter 2017 and textbook ISBN-978-1-444-35095-1.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Geology 323-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

Standing on the shoulders of giants

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Standing on the shoulders of giants