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Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Question 1

Referring to ionic radii, higher the ______ and smaller the ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-12)

A	radius , cation
B	charge , cation
C	atomic number , size of the atom
D	atomic number , charge
E	charge , atomic number

Question 2

A higher equilibrium constant, k indicates ________. (ID-GCM1-23)

A	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the products
B	the net reaction will result in release of energy; change in enthalpy.
C	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the reactants
D	the net reaction will result in grain of energy; change in enthalpy.

Question 3

The enthalpy of exothermic reactions will have which of the following characteristics? (ID-GCM1-18)

A	High amount of internal energy in the products.
B	Increased of net internal energy.
C	A positive change enthapy
D	A negative change enthapy.

Question 4

XRF, INAA and ICP-AES can be used for analyzing... (ID-GCM1-16)

A	trace elements.
B	major and minor elements.
C	Elements lighter than Na.
D	isotopes.

Question 5

Elements with ____________ are e-donors. (ID-GCM1-28)

A	covalent bonds
B	small atomic numbers
C	high electronegativity
D	large atomic numbers
E	low electronegativity

Question 6

What is geochronology? (ID-GCM1-02)

A	Construction of the history of rocks exclusively based on Pb-207/U-235 dating technique.
B	Construction of the history of rocks, fossils and sediments based on relative depositional sequences.
C	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on radiometric dating, paleomagnetic references and other techniques.
D	None of the listed answers are correct.
E	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on chronological sequence of sedimentation and lithification.

Question 7

Which of the following is considered as an advantage of using Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS)? (ID-GCM1-14)

A	No sample preparation is required for analysis.
B	Can used to ionize almost any element in nature.
C	Very high spatial resolution.
D	Ability to ionize and evaporate samples at different temperatures at the same time.
E	Ability to obtain comprehensive analytical data within a very short time period.

Question 8

What are chalcophile elements? (ID-GCM1-25)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.

Question 9

What is the composition of the Earth's crust? (ID-GCM1-04)

A	Mafic to ultramafic
B	Mafic to felsic
C	Silicon poor
D	Ultramafic
E	Rich in high density rocks and minerals

Question 10

The infamous mass deficiency of atoms is attributed to which of the following? (ID-GCM1-08)

A	Atomic decay.
B	Depletion of matter.
C	Differences in spin ratios of sub-atomic particles.
D	Energy loss.

Question 11

Which of the following statement is true on coordination number (CN)? (ID-GCM1-27)

A	Electrostatic valency is directly proportional to CN.
B	Larger cations have a higher CN.
C	CN is a measure of number of electrons surrounding a nucleus.
D	Ionic radii decreases with increasing CN.

Question 12

According to the Aufbau Principle, maximum number of electrons that can occupy an orbital is ______ and the electrons enter the orbitals ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-09)

A	one , with lowest energy
B	three , at an angle
C	two , with lowest energy
D	six , at an angle
E	one , at an angle

Question 13

How do we know the core of the Earth is composed of primarily Fe? (ID-GCM1-07)

A	By analyzing the magma composition from different volcanoes.
B	Unique seismic signature associated with high density materials.
C	From the samples from kimberlite pipes.
D	Based on the chemical composition of rocks on the surface.
E	By analyzing the sample taken from the core.

Question 13 Explanation:

During major earthquakes, the seismic signals can be measured at different parts of the world. By analyzing seismic signals, from these earthquakes signals that traveled across the core of the Earth, we can conclude the core is most likely rich in Fe.

Question 14

Which of the following statement best describe: IAP<Ksp --> <1 --> SI is negative (ID-GCM1-22)

A	Chemical state is at equilibrium
B	Mineral dissolves
C	Mineral precipitates
D	Not enough information is provided to answer this question.
E	Solution is supersaturated

Question 15

A state of a system is defined by the ____ and the change in state in result in ____. (ID-GCM1-17)

A	stability of atoms , increasing in internal energy
B	amount of heat it contains , decreasing internal energy
C	None of the answers are correct.
D	external factors , change in internal energy
E	amount of energy , change in internal energy

Question 16

What the primary purpose of the large magnetic field used in modern mass spectrometers? (ID-GCM1-13)

A	Separation of isotopes based on the mass.
B	Acceleration of the ions through the analyzing chamber.
C	Source for the ionic mass.
D	Detection of different types of isotopes.

Question 17

What is the difference between isotopes and isobars? (ID-GCM1-01)

A	Isotopes have the same atomic number but different atomic mass, while isobars have the same atomic mass, but different atomic number.
B	Isotopes have the same atomic mass but different atomic number, while isobars have the same atomic number but different atomic mass.
C	Isotopes are unstable states of chemical elements while isobars are regions where these unstable elements are found.
D	An isobar is a particular nuclide of an element that has a specific number of neutrons, and thus, a specific mass. An isotope refers to all of the nuclides of all elements that have a particular atomic mass.
E	Isobars are atoms of the same element in different state or configuration while isotopes are completely different elements that share several common atomic properties.

Question 18

Ionic substitution becomes more probable under which of the following conditions? (ID-GCM1-11)

A	High temperature and low pressure
B	None of the answers are correct
C	Low temperature and high pressure
D	Low temperature and low pressure
E	High temperature and high pressure

Question 19

Lherzolite has the following mineral composition. (ID-GCM1-03)

A	Clinopyroxene and Quartz
B	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Olivine
C	Orthopyroxene, Olivine and Quartz
D	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Quartz
E	Orthopyroxene and Olivine

Question 20

Diamonds are associated with which of the following geological environment? (ID-GCM1-21)

A	Hydrothermal mineral deposits
B	Subduction zones
C	Mantel
D	Ore deposits
E	Archean cratons

Question 21

Which of the following statement is true about the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)? (ID-GCM1-20)

A	Several elements can be analyzed at a time.
B	Sample must be in solution.
C	ASS is a non-destructive analytical method.
D	Samples must be vacuum chamber compatible.
E	Similar to XRF, except the sample is excited by a beam of electrons.

Question 22

What is the primary process/force that resulted in the formation of Earth's solid core? (ID-GCM1-05)

A	Separation of metals from silicates.
B	Density variation between the silicon core and the magma ocean above.
C	Change in temperature in the magma chamber.
D	Centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the Earth.
E	Magnetic force.

Question 23

What are siderophile elements? (ID-GCM1-26)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.

Question 24

What are lithophile elements? (ID-GCM1-24)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.

Question 25

Which of the following describes the size (volume) of the orbital? (ID-GCM1-10)

A	Spin Quantum Number
B	Principle Quantum Number
C	Magnetic Quantum Number
D	Azimuthal Quantum Number

Question 26

Decompression melting is associated with which of the following? (ID-GCM1-06)

A	Liquefaction.
B	Subduction zones.
C	Convergent boundaries.
D	Strike-slip earthquakes.
E	Oceanic crust formation.

Question 27

In this particular type of mass spectrometry, the sample solution is sprayed into a high temperature plasma produced by electromagnetic induction. (ID-GCM1-15)

A	XRF-MS
B	TIMS
C	JMS
D	ICP-MS
E	SIMS

Question 28

What analytical method is best described by the following descriptors? (ID-GCM1-19)
-Solid samples must be prepared by making them into a finely grounded rock powder pressed into pellets.
-Low detection limits (can measure trace elements)
-Rapid and precise analytical technique.
-Elements lighter than Na cannot be analyzed.

A	Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
B	Electron Microprobe Analysis (EPMA)
C	Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)
D	Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA)
E	X-ray Florescence (XRF)

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Rajeev Nair during Winter 2017 and textbook ISBN-978-1-444-35095-1.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Geology 323-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

Standing on the shoulders of giants

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Standing on the shoulders of giants