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Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Question 1

How do we know the core of the Earth is composed of primarily Fe? (ID-GCM1-07)

A	Unique seismic signature associated with high density materials.
B	Based on the chemical composition of rocks on the surface.
C	By analyzing the sample taken from the core.
D	By analyzing the magma composition from different volcanoes.
E	From the samples from kimberlite pipes.

Question 1 Explanation:

During major earthquakes, the seismic signals can be measured at different parts of the world. By analyzing seismic signals, from these earthquakes signals that traveled across the core of the Earth, we can conclude the core is most likely rich in Fe.

Question 2

Diamonds are associated with which of the following geological environment? (ID-GCM1-21)

A	Hydrothermal mineral deposits
B	Ore deposits
C	Subduction zones
D	Archean cratons
E	Mantel

Question 3

What analytical method is best described by the following descriptors? (ID-GCM1-19)
-Solid samples must be prepared by making them into a finely grounded rock powder pressed into pellets.
-Low detection limits (can measure trace elements)
-Rapid and precise analytical technique.
-Elements lighter than Na cannot be analyzed.

A	Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
B	X-ray Florescence (XRF)
C	Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA)
D	Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)
E	Electron Microprobe Analysis (EPMA)

Question 4

What are lithophile elements? (ID-GCM1-24)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.

Question 5

A state of a system is defined by the ____ and the change in state in result in ____. (ID-GCM1-17)

A	amount of energy , change in internal energy
B	None of the answers are correct.
C	amount of heat it contains , decreasing internal energy
D	external factors , change in internal energy
E	stability of atoms , increasing in internal energy

Question 6

Ionic substitution becomes more probable under which of the following conditions? (ID-GCM1-11)

A	High temperature and high pressure
B	High temperature and low pressure
C	Low temperature and high pressure
D	None of the answers are correct
E	Low temperature and low pressure

Question 7

What the primary purpose of the large magnetic field used in modern mass spectrometers? (ID-GCM1-13)

A	Source for the ionic mass.
B	Separation of isotopes based on the mass.
C	Acceleration of the ions through the analyzing chamber.
D	Detection of different types of isotopes.

Question 8

What are chalcophile elements? (ID-GCM1-25)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.

Question 9

What are siderophile elements? (ID-GCM1-26)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.

Question 10

A higher equilibrium constant, k indicates ________. (ID-GCM1-23)

A	the net reaction will result in grain of energy; change in enthalpy.
B	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the reactants
C	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the products
D	the net reaction will result in release of energy; change in enthalpy.

Question 11

What is geochronology? (ID-GCM1-02)

A	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on radiometric dating, paleomagnetic references and other techniques.
B	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on chronological sequence of sedimentation and lithification.
C	Construction of the history of rocks exclusively based on Pb-207/U-235 dating technique.
D	None of the listed answers are correct.
E	Construction of the history of rocks, fossils and sediments based on relative depositional sequences.

Question 12

In this particular type of mass spectrometry, the sample solution is sprayed into a high temperature plasma produced by electromagnetic induction. (ID-GCM1-15)

A	SIMS
B	XRF-MS
C	TIMS
D	JMS
E	ICP-MS

Question 13

Which of the following is considered as an advantage of using Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS)? (ID-GCM1-14)

A	Very high spatial resolution.
B	Can used to ionize almost any element in nature.
C	Ability to obtain comprehensive analytical data within a very short time period.
D	No sample preparation is required for analysis.
E	Ability to ionize and evaporate samples at different temperatures at the same time.

Question 14

Which of the following statement is true about the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)? (ID-GCM1-20)

A	Sample must be in solution.
B	Similar to XRF, except the sample is excited by a beam of electrons.
C	Several elements can be analyzed at a time.
D	Samples must be vacuum chamber compatible.
E	ASS is a non-destructive analytical method.

Question 15

According to the Aufbau Principle, maximum number of electrons that can occupy an orbital is ______ and the electrons enter the orbitals ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-09)

A	one , with lowest energy
B	six , at an angle
C	one , at an angle
D	two , with lowest energy
E	three , at an angle

Question 16

Which of the following describes the size (volume) of the orbital? (ID-GCM1-10)

A	Azimuthal Quantum Number
B	Principle Quantum Number
C	Spin Quantum Number
D	Magnetic Quantum Number

Question 17

What is the composition of the Earth's crust? (ID-GCM1-04)

A	Rich in high density rocks and minerals
B	Ultramafic
C	Silicon poor
D	Mafic to ultramafic
E	Mafic to felsic

Question 18

Referring to ionic radii, higher the ______ and smaller the ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-12)

A	atomic number , charge
B	charge , atomic number
C	radius , cation
D	charge , cation
E	atomic number , size of the atom

Question 19

Elements with ____________ are e-donors. (ID-GCM1-28)

A	high electronegativity
B	small atomic numbers
C	large atomic numbers
D	covalent bonds
E	low electronegativity

Question 20

XRF, INAA and ICP-AES can be used for analyzing... (ID-GCM1-16)

A	major and minor elements.
B	trace elements.
C	isotopes.
D	Elements lighter than Na.

Question 21

Which of the following statement is true on coordination number (CN)? (ID-GCM1-27)

A	Ionic radii decreases with increasing CN.
B	Electrostatic valency is directly proportional to CN.
C	Larger cations have a higher CN.
D	CN is a measure of number of electrons surrounding a nucleus.

Question 22

Decompression melting is associated with which of the following? (ID-GCM1-06)

A	Subduction zones.
B	Oceanic crust formation.
C	Liquefaction.
D	Strike-slip earthquakes.
E	Convergent boundaries.

Question 23

What is the primary process/force that resulted in the formation of Earth's solid core? (ID-GCM1-05)

A	Change in temperature in the magma chamber.
B	Density variation between the silicon core and the magma ocean above.
C	Magnetic force.
D	Separation of metals from silicates.
E	Centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the Earth.

Question 24

Which of the following statement best describe: IAP<Ksp --> <1 --> SI is negative (ID-GCM1-22)

A	Solution is supersaturated
B	Not enough information is provided to answer this question.
C	Chemical state is at equilibrium
D	Mineral precipitates
E	Mineral dissolves

Question 25

The infamous mass deficiency of atoms is attributed to which of the following? (ID-GCM1-08)

A	Differences in spin ratios of sub-atomic particles.
B	Atomic decay.
C	Depletion of matter.
D	Energy loss.

Question 26

The enthalpy of exothermic reactions will have which of the following characteristics? (ID-GCM1-18)

A	A positive change enthapy
B	Increased of net internal energy.
C	A negative change enthapy.
D	High amount of internal energy in the products.

Question 27

Lherzolite has the following mineral composition. (ID-GCM1-03)

A	Orthopyroxene, Olivine and Quartz
B	Orthopyroxene and Olivine
C	Clinopyroxene and Quartz
D	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Quartz
E	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Olivine

Question 28

What is the difference between isotopes and isobars? (ID-GCM1-01)

A	Isobars are atoms of the same element in different state or configuration while isotopes are completely different elements that share several common atomic properties.
B	Isotopes have the same atomic number but different atomic mass, while isobars have the same atomic mass, but different atomic number.
C	Isotopes are unstable states of chemical elements while isobars are regions where these unstable elements are found.
D	An isobar is a particular nuclide of an element that has a specific number of neutrons, and thus, a specific mass. An isotope refers to all of the nuclides of all elements that have a particular atomic mass.
E	Isotopes have the same atomic mass but different atomic number, while isobars have the same atomic number but different atomic mass.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Rajeev Nair during Winter 2017 and textbook ISBN-978-1-444-35095-1.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Geology 323-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

Standing on the shoulders of giants

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Standing on the shoulders of giants