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Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Question 1

Which of the following is considered as an advantage of using Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS)? (ID-GCM1-14)

A	Ability to obtain comprehensive analytical data within a very short time period.
B	Very high spatial resolution.
C	Ability to ionize and evaporate samples at different temperatures at the same time.
D	No sample preparation is required for analysis.
E	Can used to ionize almost any element in nature.

Question 2

What is the difference between isotopes and isobars? (ID-GCM1-01)

A	An isobar is a particular nuclide of an element that has a specific number of neutrons, and thus, a specific mass. An isotope refers to all of the nuclides of all elements that have a particular atomic mass.
B	Isotopes have the same atomic number but different atomic mass, while isobars have the same atomic mass, but different atomic number.
C	Isotopes have the same atomic mass but different atomic number, while isobars have the same atomic number but different atomic mass.
D	Isotopes are unstable states of chemical elements while isobars are regions where these unstable elements are found.
E	Isobars are atoms of the same element in different state or configuration while isotopes are completely different elements that share several common atomic properties.

Question 3

Which of the following statement is true about the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)? (ID-GCM1-20)

A	Samples must be vacuum chamber compatible.
B	ASS is a non-destructive analytical method.
C	Sample must be in solution.
D	Several elements can be analyzed at a time.
E	Similar to XRF, except the sample is excited by a beam of electrons.

Question 4

The infamous mass deficiency of atoms is attributed to which of the following? (ID-GCM1-08)

A	Energy loss.
B	Differences in spin ratios of sub-atomic particles.
C	Atomic decay.
D	Depletion of matter.

Question 5

A state of a system is defined by the ____ and the change in state in result in ____. (ID-GCM1-17)

A	amount of heat it contains , decreasing internal energy
B	amount of energy , change in internal energy
C	external factors , change in internal energy
D	stability of atoms , increasing in internal energy
E	None of the answers are correct.

Question 6

Which of the following statement best describe: IAP<Ksp --> <1 --> SI is negative (ID-GCM1-22)

A	Chemical state is at equilibrium
B	Mineral precipitates
C	Solution is supersaturated
D	Mineral dissolves
E	Not enough information is provided to answer this question.

Question 7

What is geochronology? (ID-GCM1-02)

A	Construction of the history of rocks, fossils and sediments based on relative depositional sequences.
B	None of the listed answers are correct.
C	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on radiometric dating, paleomagnetic references and other techniques.
D	Construction of the history of rocks exclusively based on Pb-207/U-235 dating technique.
E	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on chronological sequence of sedimentation and lithification.

Question 8

What are chalcophile elements? (ID-GCM1-25)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.

Question 9

The enthalpy of exothermic reactions will have which of the following characteristics? (ID-GCM1-18)

A	A positive change enthapy
B	A negative change enthapy.
C	Increased of net internal energy.
D	High amount of internal energy in the products.

Question 10

How do we know the core of the Earth is composed of primarily Fe? (ID-GCM1-07)

A	By analyzing the sample taken from the core.
B	Unique seismic signature associated with high density materials.
C	From the samples from kimberlite pipes.
D	Based on the chemical composition of rocks on the surface.
E	By analyzing the magma composition from different volcanoes.

Question 10 Explanation:

During major earthquakes, the seismic signals can be measured at different parts of the world. By analyzing seismic signals, from these earthquakes signals that traveled across the core of the Earth, we can conclude the core is most likely rich in Fe.

Question 11

What analytical method is best described by the following descriptors? (ID-GCM1-19)
-Solid samples must be prepared by making them into a finely grounded rock powder pressed into pellets.
-Low detection limits (can measure trace elements)
-Rapid and precise analytical technique.
-Elements lighter than Na cannot be analyzed.

A	Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)
B	Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA)
C	Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
D	Electron Microprobe Analysis (EPMA)
E	X-ray Florescence (XRF)

Question 12

Diamonds are associated with which of the following geological environment? (ID-GCM1-21)

A	Archean cratons
B	Subduction zones
C	Mantel
D	Ore deposits
E	Hydrothermal mineral deposits

Question 13

Referring to ionic radii, higher the ______ and smaller the ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-12)

A	radius , cation
B	charge , atomic number
C	atomic number , charge
D	charge , cation
E	atomic number , size of the atom

Question 14

According to the Aufbau Principle, maximum number of electrons that can occupy an orbital is ______ and the electrons enter the orbitals ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-09)

A	one , with lowest energy
B	six , at an angle
C	three , at an angle
D	two , with lowest energy
E	one , at an angle

Question 15

What is the composition of the Earth's crust? (ID-GCM1-04)

A	Ultramafic
B	Mafic to ultramafic
C	Silicon poor
D	Rich in high density rocks and minerals
E	Mafic to felsic

Question 16

Which of the following statement is true on coordination number (CN)? (ID-GCM1-27)

A	CN is a measure of number of electrons surrounding a nucleus.
B	Electrostatic valency is directly proportional to CN.
C	Larger cations have a higher CN.
D	Ionic radii decreases with increasing CN.

Question 17

Decompression melting is associated with which of the following? (ID-GCM1-06)

A	Subduction zones.
B	Strike-slip earthquakes.
C	Oceanic crust formation.
D	Liquefaction.
E	Convergent boundaries.

Question 18

A higher equilibrium constant, k indicates ________. (ID-GCM1-23)

A	the net reaction will result in grain of energy; change in enthalpy.
B	the net reaction will result in release of energy; change in enthalpy.
C	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the products
D	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the reactants

Question 19

Which of the following describes the size (volume) of the orbital? (ID-GCM1-10)

A	Spin Quantum Number
B	Principle Quantum Number
C	Magnetic Quantum Number
D	Azimuthal Quantum Number

Question 20

What is the primary process/force that resulted in the formation of Earth's solid core? (ID-GCM1-05)

A	Centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the Earth.
B	Magnetic force.
C	Density variation between the silicon core and the magma ocean above.
D	Separation of metals from silicates.
E	Change in temperature in the magma chamber.

Question 21

What the primary purpose of the large magnetic field used in modern mass spectrometers? (ID-GCM1-13)

A	Separation of isotopes based on the mass.
B	Acceleration of the ions through the analyzing chamber.
C	Source for the ionic mass.
D	Detection of different types of isotopes.

Question 22

Elements with ____________ are e-donors. (ID-GCM1-28)

A	high electronegativity
B	small atomic numbers
C	covalent bonds
D	low electronegativity
E	large atomic numbers

Question 23

Ionic substitution becomes more probable under which of the following conditions? (ID-GCM1-11)

A	High temperature and high pressure
B	High temperature and low pressure
C	Low temperature and high pressure
D	Low temperature and low pressure
E	None of the answers are correct

Question 24

In this particular type of mass spectrometry, the sample solution is sprayed into a high temperature plasma produced by electromagnetic induction. (ID-GCM1-15)

A	TIMS
B	XRF-MS
C	JMS
D	ICP-MS
E	SIMS

Question 25

Lherzolite has the following mineral composition. (ID-GCM1-03)

A	Orthopyroxene, Olivine and Quartz
B	Clinopyroxene and Quartz
C	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Quartz
D	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Olivine
E	Orthopyroxene and Olivine

Question 26

XRF, INAA and ICP-AES can be used for analyzing... (ID-GCM1-16)

A	major and minor elements.
B	Elements lighter than Na.
C	trace elements.
D	isotopes.

Question 27

What are lithophile elements? (ID-GCM1-24)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.

Question 28

What are siderophile elements? (ID-GCM1-26)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Rajeev Nair during Winter 2017 and textbook ISBN-978-1-444-35095-1.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Geology 323-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

Standing on the shoulders of giants

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Standing on the shoulders of giants