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Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Question 1

How do we know the core of the Earth is composed of primarily Fe? (ID-GCM1-07)

A	By analyzing the sample taken from the core.
B	Based on the chemical composition of rocks on the surface.
C	By analyzing the magma composition from different volcanoes.
D	Unique seismic signature associated with high density materials.
E	From the samples from kimberlite pipes.

Question 1 Explanation:

During major earthquakes, the seismic signals can be measured at different parts of the world. By analyzing seismic signals, from these earthquakes signals that traveled across the core of the Earth, we can conclude the core is most likely rich in Fe.

Question 2

In this particular type of mass spectrometry, the sample solution is sprayed into a high temperature plasma produced by electromagnetic induction. (ID-GCM1-15)

A	SIMS
B	JMS
C	XRF-MS
D	TIMS
E	ICP-MS

Question 3

The enthalpy of exothermic reactions will have which of the following characteristics? (ID-GCM1-18)

A	A negative change enthapy.
B	A positive change enthapy
C	High amount of internal energy in the products.
D	Increased of net internal energy.

Question 4

The infamous mass deficiency of atoms is attributed to which of the following? (ID-GCM1-08)

A	Differences in spin ratios of sub-atomic particles.
B	Atomic decay.
C	Depletion of matter.
D	Energy loss.

Question 5

What is the difference between isotopes and isobars? (ID-GCM1-01)

A	Isobars are atoms of the same element in different state or configuration while isotopes are completely different elements that share several common atomic properties.
B	Isotopes have the same atomic mass but different atomic number, while isobars have the same atomic number but different atomic mass.
C	An isobar is a particular nuclide of an element that has a specific number of neutrons, and thus, a specific mass. An isotope refers to all of the nuclides of all elements that have a particular atomic mass.
D	Isotopes have the same atomic number but different atomic mass, while isobars have the same atomic mass, but different atomic number.
E	Isotopes are unstable states of chemical elements while isobars are regions where these unstable elements are found.

Question 6

Which of the following statement is true on coordination number (CN)? (ID-GCM1-27)

A	CN is a measure of number of electrons surrounding a nucleus.
B	Larger cations have a higher CN.
C	Ionic radii decreases with increasing CN.
D	Electrostatic valency is directly proportional to CN.

Question 7

Which of the following statement best describe: IAP<Ksp --> <1 --> SI is negative (ID-GCM1-22)

A	Solution is supersaturated
B	Mineral dissolves
C	Chemical state is at equilibrium
D	Not enough information is provided to answer this question.
E	Mineral precipitates

Question 8

What are siderophile elements? (ID-GCM1-26)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.

Question 9

Which of the following is considered as an advantage of using Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS)? (ID-GCM1-14)

A	No sample preparation is required for analysis.
B	Very high spatial resolution.
C	Can used to ionize almost any element in nature.
D	Ability to ionize and evaporate samples at different temperatures at the same time.
E	Ability to obtain comprehensive analytical data within a very short time period.

Question 10

What is geochronology? (ID-GCM1-02)

A	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on radiometric dating, paleomagnetic references and other techniques.
B	Construction of the history of rocks exclusively based on Pb-207/U-235 dating technique.
C	None of the listed answers are correct.
D	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on chronological sequence of sedimentation and lithification.
E	Construction of the history of rocks, fossils and sediments based on relative depositional sequences.

Question 11

Elements with ____________ are e-donors. (ID-GCM1-28)

A	small atomic numbers
B	large atomic numbers
C	low electronegativity
D	high electronegativity
E	covalent bonds

Question 12

XRF, INAA and ICP-AES can be used for analyzing... (ID-GCM1-16)

A	isotopes.
B	Elements lighter than Na.
C	trace elements.
D	major and minor elements.

Question 13

According to the Aufbau Principle, maximum number of electrons that can occupy an orbital is ______ and the electrons enter the orbitals ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-09)

A	three , at an angle
B	one , with lowest energy
C	one , at an angle
D	two , with lowest energy
E	six , at an angle

Question 14

Which of the following statement is true about the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)? (ID-GCM1-20)

A	Several elements can be analyzed at a time.
B	Similar to XRF, except the sample is excited by a beam of electrons.
C	Sample must be in solution.
D	ASS is a non-destructive analytical method.
E	Samples must be vacuum chamber compatible.

Question 15

Referring to ionic radii, higher the ______ and smaller the ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-12)

A	atomic number , size of the atom
B	radius , cation
C	charge , atomic number
D	charge , cation
E	atomic number , charge

Question 16

What analytical method is best described by the following descriptors? (ID-GCM1-19)
-Solid samples must be prepared by making them into a finely grounded rock powder pressed into pellets.
-Low detection limits (can measure trace elements)
-Rapid and precise analytical technique.
-Elements lighter than Na cannot be analyzed.

A	Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
B	Electron Microprobe Analysis (EPMA)
C	Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)
D	X-ray Florescence (XRF)
E	Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA)

Question 17

Ionic substitution becomes more probable under which of the following conditions? (ID-GCM1-11)

A	Low temperature and low pressure
B	None of the answers are correct
C	High temperature and high pressure
D	Low temperature and high pressure
E	High temperature and low pressure

Question 18

A state of a system is defined by the ____ and the change in state in result in ____. (ID-GCM1-17)

A	amount of energy , change in internal energy
B	external factors , change in internal energy
C	None of the answers are correct.
D	amount of heat it contains , decreasing internal energy
E	stability of atoms , increasing in internal energy

Question 19

What are chalcophile elements? (ID-GCM1-25)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.

Question 20

What are lithophile elements? (ID-GCM1-24)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.

Question 21

Decompression melting is associated with which of the following? (ID-GCM1-06)

A	Subduction zones.
B	Strike-slip earthquakes.
C	Liquefaction.
D	Convergent boundaries.
E	Oceanic crust formation.

Question 22

What is the composition of the Earth's crust? (ID-GCM1-04)

A	Silicon poor
B	Rich in high density rocks and minerals
C	Mafic to ultramafic
D	Ultramafic
E	Mafic to felsic

Question 23

Diamonds are associated with which of the following geological environment? (ID-GCM1-21)

A	Subduction zones
B	Mantel
C	Hydrothermal mineral deposits
D	Archean cratons
E	Ore deposits

Question 24

What the primary purpose of the large magnetic field used in modern mass spectrometers? (ID-GCM1-13)

A	Acceleration of the ions through the analyzing chamber.
B	Separation of isotopes based on the mass.
C	Source for the ionic mass.
D	Detection of different types of isotopes.

Question 25

What is the primary process/force that resulted in the formation of Earth's solid core? (ID-GCM1-05)

A	Change in temperature in the magma chamber.
B	Separation of metals from silicates.
C	Centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the Earth.
D	Magnetic force.
E	Density variation between the silicon core and the magma ocean above.

Question 26

Which of the following describes the size (volume) of the orbital? (ID-GCM1-10)

A	Spin Quantum Number
B	Principle Quantum Number
C	Magnetic Quantum Number
D	Azimuthal Quantum Number

Question 27

A higher equilibrium constant, k indicates ________. (ID-GCM1-23)

A	the net reaction will result in grain of energy; change in enthalpy.
B	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the products
C	the net reaction will result in release of energy; change in enthalpy.
D	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the reactants

Question 28

Lherzolite has the following mineral composition. (ID-GCM1-03)

A	Orthopyroxene and Olivine
B	Clinopyroxene and Quartz
C	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Olivine
D	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Quartz
E	Orthopyroxene, Olivine and Quartz

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Rajeev Nair during Winter 2017 and textbook ISBN-978-1-444-35095-1.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Geology 323-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

Standing on the shoulders of giants

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Standing on the shoulders of giants