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Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Question 1

What are siderophile elements? (ID-GCM1-26)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.

Question 2

What is geochronology? (ID-GCM1-02)

A	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on radiometric dating, paleomagnetic references and other techniques.
B	None of the listed answers are correct.
C	Construction of the history of rocks exclusively based on Pb-207/U-235 dating technique.
D	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on chronological sequence of sedimentation and lithification.
E	Construction of the history of rocks, fossils and sediments based on relative depositional sequences.

Question 3

Lherzolite has the following mineral composition. (ID-GCM1-03)

A	Clinopyroxene and Quartz
B	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Olivine
C	Orthopyroxene and Olivine
D	Orthopyroxene, Olivine and Quartz
E	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Quartz

Question 4

Which of the following statement is true on coordination number (CN)? (ID-GCM1-27)

A	Electrostatic valency is directly proportional to CN.
B	Larger cations have a higher CN.
C	CN is a measure of number of electrons surrounding a nucleus.
D	Ionic radii decreases with increasing CN.

Question 5

Decompression melting is associated with which of the following? (ID-GCM1-06)

A	Oceanic crust formation.
B	Subduction zones.
C	Liquefaction.
D	Strike-slip earthquakes.
E	Convergent boundaries.

Question 6

How do we know the core of the Earth is composed of primarily Fe? (ID-GCM1-07)

A	By analyzing the sample taken from the core.
B	From the samples from kimberlite pipes.
C	Unique seismic signature associated with high density materials.
D	By analyzing the magma composition from different volcanoes.
E	Based on the chemical composition of rocks on the surface.

Question 6 Explanation:

During major earthquakes, the seismic signals can be measured at different parts of the world. By analyzing seismic signals, from these earthquakes signals that traveled across the core of the Earth, we can conclude the core is most likely rich in Fe.

Question 7

Which of the following statement is true about the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)? (ID-GCM1-20)

A	Samples must be vacuum chamber compatible.
B	Similar to XRF, except the sample is excited by a beam of electrons.
C	ASS is a non-destructive analytical method.
D	Several elements can be analyzed at a time.
E	Sample must be in solution.

Question 8

What is the primary process/force that resulted in the formation of Earth's solid core? (ID-GCM1-05)

A	Change in temperature in the magma chamber.
B	Density variation between the silicon core and the magma ocean above.
C	Centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the Earth.
D	Separation of metals from silicates.
E	Magnetic force.

Question 9

A higher equilibrium constant, k indicates ________. (ID-GCM1-23)

A	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the reactants
B	the net reaction will result in release of energy; change in enthalpy.
C	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the products
D	the net reaction will result in grain of energy; change in enthalpy.

Question 10

What is the composition of the Earth's crust? (ID-GCM1-04)

A	Mafic to felsic
B	Silicon poor
C	Mafic to ultramafic
D	Ultramafic
E	Rich in high density rocks and minerals

Question 11

Which of the following describes the size (volume) of the orbital? (ID-GCM1-10)

A	Magnetic Quantum Number
B	Principle Quantum Number
C	Azimuthal Quantum Number
D	Spin Quantum Number

Question 12

Ionic substitution becomes more probable under which of the following conditions? (ID-GCM1-11)

A	High temperature and high pressure
B	None of the answers are correct
C	Low temperature and low pressure
D	High temperature and low pressure
E	Low temperature and high pressure

Question 13

The infamous mass deficiency of atoms is attributed to which of the following? (ID-GCM1-08)

A	Depletion of matter.
B	Differences in spin ratios of sub-atomic particles.
C	Atomic decay.
D	Energy loss.

Question 14

What analytical method is best described by the following descriptors? (ID-GCM1-19)
-Solid samples must be prepared by making them into a finely grounded rock powder pressed into pellets.
-Low detection limits (can measure trace elements)
-Rapid and precise analytical technique.
-Elements lighter than Na cannot be analyzed.

A	Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)
B	Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
C	Electron Microprobe Analysis (EPMA)
D	X-ray Florescence (XRF)
E	Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA)

Question 15

What are lithophile elements? (ID-GCM1-24)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.

Question 16

According to the Aufbau Principle, maximum number of electrons that can occupy an orbital is ______ and the electrons enter the orbitals ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-09)

A	one , with lowest energy
B	six , at an angle
C	two , with lowest energy
D	three , at an angle
E	one , at an angle

Question 17

Elements with ____________ are e-donors. (ID-GCM1-28)

A	high electronegativity
B	large atomic numbers
C	covalent bonds
D	low electronegativity
E	small atomic numbers

Question 18

Which of the following statement best describe: IAP<Ksp --> <1 --> SI is negative (ID-GCM1-22)

A	Mineral precipitates
B	Solution is supersaturated
C	Mineral dissolves
D	Chemical state is at equilibrium
E	Not enough information is provided to answer this question.

Question 19

Diamonds are associated with which of the following geological environment? (ID-GCM1-21)

A	Hydrothermal mineral deposits
B	Subduction zones
C	Archean cratons
D	Mantel
E	Ore deposits

Question 20

In this particular type of mass spectrometry, the sample solution is sprayed into a high temperature plasma produced by electromagnetic induction. (ID-GCM1-15)

A	SIMS
B	XRF-MS
C	TIMS
D	JMS
E	ICP-MS

Question 21

A state of a system is defined by the ____ and the change in state in result in ____. (ID-GCM1-17)

A	None of the answers are correct.
B	amount of energy , change in internal energy
C	amount of heat it contains , decreasing internal energy
D	stability of atoms , increasing in internal energy
E	external factors , change in internal energy

Question 22

What are chalcophile elements? (ID-GCM1-25)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.

Question 23

The enthalpy of exothermic reactions will have which of the following characteristics? (ID-GCM1-18)

A	A positive change enthapy
B	Increased of net internal energy.
C	A negative change enthapy.
D	High amount of internal energy in the products.

Question 24

What is the difference between isotopes and isobars? (ID-GCM1-01)

A	Isobars are atoms of the same element in different state or configuration while isotopes are completely different elements that share several common atomic properties.
B	Isotopes are unstable states of chemical elements while isobars are regions where these unstable elements are found.
C	Isotopes have the same atomic number but different atomic mass, while isobars have the same atomic mass, but different atomic number.
D	An isobar is a particular nuclide of an element that has a specific number of neutrons, and thus, a specific mass. An isotope refers to all of the nuclides of all elements that have a particular atomic mass.
E	Isotopes have the same atomic mass but different atomic number, while isobars have the same atomic number but different atomic mass.

Question 25

Referring to ionic radii, higher the ______ and smaller the ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-12)

A	charge , atomic number
B	atomic number , charge
C	atomic number , size of the atom
D	charge , cation
E	radius , cation

Question 26

Which of the following is considered as an advantage of using Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS)? (ID-GCM1-14)

A	Ability to ionize and evaporate samples at different temperatures at the same time.
B	Ability to obtain comprehensive analytical data within a very short time period.
C	Very high spatial resolution.
D	No sample preparation is required for analysis.
E	Can used to ionize almost any element in nature.

Question 27

What the primary purpose of the large magnetic field used in modern mass spectrometers? (ID-GCM1-13)

A	Separation of isotopes based on the mass.
B	Detection of different types of isotopes.
C	Source for the ionic mass.
D	Acceleration of the ions through the analyzing chamber.

Question 28

XRF, INAA and ICP-AES can be used for analyzing... (ID-GCM1-16)

A	isotopes.
B	trace elements.
C	major and minor elements.
D	Elements lighter than Na.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Rajeev Nair during Winter 2017 and textbook ISBN-978-1-444-35095-1.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Geology 323-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

Standing on the shoulders of giants

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Standing on the shoulders of giants