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Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Question 1

What is geochronology? (ID-GCM1-02)

A	Construction of the history of rocks, fossils and sediments based on relative depositional sequences.
B	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on radiometric dating, paleomagnetic references and other techniques.
C	None of the listed answers are correct.
D	Construction of the history of rocks exclusively based on Pb-207/U-235 dating technique.
E	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on chronological sequence of sedimentation and lithification.

Question 2

What are lithophile elements? (ID-GCM1-24)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.

Question 3

Which of the following statement is true on coordination number (CN)? (ID-GCM1-27)

A	Ionic radii decreases with increasing CN.
B	Larger cations have a higher CN.
C	Electrostatic valency is directly proportional to CN.
D	CN is a measure of number of electrons surrounding a nucleus.

Question 4

What is the difference between isotopes and isobars? (ID-GCM1-01)

A	Isotopes are unstable states of chemical elements while isobars are regions where these unstable elements are found.
B	Isotopes have the same atomic number but different atomic mass, while isobars have the same atomic mass, but different atomic number.
C	An isobar is a particular nuclide of an element that has a specific number of neutrons, and thus, a specific mass. An isotope refers to all of the nuclides of all elements that have a particular atomic mass.
D	Isobars are atoms of the same element in different state or configuration while isotopes are completely different elements that share several common atomic properties.
E	Isotopes have the same atomic mass but different atomic number, while isobars have the same atomic number but different atomic mass.

Question 5

The infamous mass deficiency of atoms is attributed to which of the following? (ID-GCM1-08)

A	Differences in spin ratios of sub-atomic particles.
B	Depletion of matter.
C	Energy loss.
D	Atomic decay.

Question 6

A higher equilibrium constant, k indicates ________. (ID-GCM1-23)

A	the net reaction will result in grain of energy; change in enthalpy.
B	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the reactants
C	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the products
D	the net reaction will result in release of energy; change in enthalpy.

Question 7

XRF, INAA and ICP-AES can be used for analyzing... (ID-GCM1-16)

A	isotopes.
B	Elements lighter than Na.
C	trace elements.
D	major and minor elements.

Question 8

According to the Aufbau Principle, maximum number of electrons that can occupy an orbital is ______ and the electrons enter the orbitals ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-09)

A	one , with lowest energy
B	six , at an angle
C	one , at an angle
D	two , with lowest energy
E	three , at an angle

Question 9

What analytical method is best described by the following descriptors? (ID-GCM1-19)
-Solid samples must be prepared by making them into a finely grounded rock powder pressed into pellets.
-Low detection limits (can measure trace elements)
-Rapid and precise analytical technique.
-Elements lighter than Na cannot be analyzed.

A	X-ray Florescence (XRF)
B	Electron Microprobe Analysis (EPMA)
C	Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA)
D	Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
E	Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)

Question 10

Which of the following statement best describe: IAP<Ksp --> <1 --> SI is negative (ID-GCM1-22)

A	Chemical state is at equilibrium
B	Not enough information is provided to answer this question.
C	Mineral dissolves
D	Solution is supersaturated
E	Mineral precipitates

Question 11

Ionic substitution becomes more probable under which of the following conditions? (ID-GCM1-11)

A	Low temperature and high pressure
B	Low temperature and low pressure
C	High temperature and high pressure
D	None of the answers are correct
E	High temperature and low pressure

Question 12

What the primary purpose of the large magnetic field used in modern mass spectrometers? (ID-GCM1-13)

A	Detection of different types of isotopes.
B	Source for the ionic mass.
C	Acceleration of the ions through the analyzing chamber.
D	Separation of isotopes based on the mass.

Question 13

What is the composition of the Earth's crust? (ID-GCM1-04)

A	Mafic to felsic
B	Silicon poor
C	Rich in high density rocks and minerals
D	Ultramafic
E	Mafic to ultramafic

Question 14

In this particular type of mass spectrometry, the sample solution is sprayed into a high temperature plasma produced by electromagnetic induction. (ID-GCM1-15)

A	JMS
B	ICP-MS
C	TIMS
D	XRF-MS
E	SIMS

Question 15

Referring to ionic radii, higher the ______ and smaller the ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-12)

A	atomic number , charge
B	atomic number , size of the atom
C	charge , cation
D	charge , atomic number
E	radius , cation

Question 16

The enthalpy of exothermic reactions will have which of the following characteristics? (ID-GCM1-18)

A	High amount of internal energy in the products.
B	A negative change enthapy.
C	Increased of net internal energy.
D	A positive change enthapy

Question 17

How do we know the core of the Earth is composed of primarily Fe? (ID-GCM1-07)

A	By analyzing the sample taken from the core.
B	From the samples from kimberlite pipes.
C	By analyzing the magma composition from different volcanoes.
D	Unique seismic signature associated with high density materials.
E	Based on the chemical composition of rocks on the surface.

Question 17 Explanation:

During major earthquakes, the seismic signals can be measured at different parts of the world. By analyzing seismic signals, from these earthquakes signals that traveled across the core of the Earth, we can conclude the core is most likely rich in Fe.

Question 18

What is the primary process/force that resulted in the formation of Earth's solid core? (ID-GCM1-05)

A	Centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the Earth.
B	Separation of metals from silicates.
C	Density variation between the silicon core and the magma ocean above.
D	Magnetic force.
E	Change in temperature in the magma chamber.

Question 19

Which of the following statement is true about the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)? (ID-GCM1-20)

A	Sample must be in solution.
B	ASS is a non-destructive analytical method.
C	Similar to XRF, except the sample is excited by a beam of electrons.
D	Samples must be vacuum chamber compatible.
E	Several elements can be analyzed at a time.

Question 20

Which of the following is considered as an advantage of using Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS)? (ID-GCM1-14)

A	Ability to obtain comprehensive analytical data within a very short time period.
B	Can used to ionize almost any element in nature.
C	No sample preparation is required for analysis.
D	Very high spatial resolution.
E	Ability to ionize and evaporate samples at different temperatures at the same time.

Question 21

Which of the following describes the size (volume) of the orbital? (ID-GCM1-10)

A	Principle Quantum Number
B	Spin Quantum Number
C	Magnetic Quantum Number
D	Azimuthal Quantum Number

Question 22

What are chalcophile elements? (ID-GCM1-25)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.

Question 23

A state of a system is defined by the ____ and the change in state in result in ____. (ID-GCM1-17)

A	amount of energy , change in internal energy
B	amount of heat it contains , decreasing internal energy
C	None of the answers are correct.
D	external factors , change in internal energy
E	stability of atoms , increasing in internal energy

Question 24

Decompression melting is associated with which of the following? (ID-GCM1-06)

A	Oceanic crust formation.
B	Convergent boundaries.
C	Strike-slip earthquakes.
D	Subduction zones.
E	Liquefaction.

Question 25

Diamonds are associated with which of the following geological environment? (ID-GCM1-21)

A	Mantel
B	Subduction zones
C	Archean cratons
D	Hydrothermal mineral deposits
E	Ore deposits

Question 26

What are siderophile elements? (ID-GCM1-26)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.

Question 27

Lherzolite has the following mineral composition. (ID-GCM1-03)

A	Orthopyroxene and Olivine
B	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Olivine
C	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Quartz
D	Clinopyroxene and Quartz
E	Orthopyroxene, Olivine and Quartz

Question 28

Elements with ____________ are e-donors. (ID-GCM1-28)

A	covalent bonds
B	small atomic numbers
C	high electronegativity
D	large atomic numbers
E	low electronegativity

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Rajeev Nair during Winter 2017 and textbook ISBN-978-1-444-35095-1.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Geology 323-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

Standing on the shoulders of giants

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Standing on the shoulders of giants