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Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Question 1

What analytical method is best described by the following descriptors? (ID-GCM1-19)
-Solid samples must be prepared by making them into a finely grounded rock powder pressed into pellets.
-Low detection limits (can measure trace elements)
-Rapid and precise analytical technique.
-Elements lighter than Na cannot be analyzed.

A	Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA)
B	Electron Microprobe Analysis (EPMA)
C	Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)
D	X-ray Florescence (XRF)
E	Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)

Question 2

Decompression melting is associated with which of the following? (ID-GCM1-06)

A	Convergent boundaries.
B	Strike-slip earthquakes.
C	Liquefaction.
D	Subduction zones.
E	Oceanic crust formation.

Question 3

Diamonds are associated with which of the following geological environment? (ID-GCM1-21)

A	Archean cratons
B	Mantel
C	Subduction zones
D	Hydrothermal mineral deposits
E	Ore deposits

Question 4

Which of the following statement is true on coordination number (CN)? (ID-GCM1-27)

A	Ionic radii decreases with increasing CN.
B	CN is a measure of number of electrons surrounding a nucleus.
C	Larger cations have a higher CN.
D	Electrostatic valency is directly proportional to CN.

Question 5

Elements with ____________ are e-donors. (ID-GCM1-28)

A	low electronegativity
B	small atomic numbers
C	covalent bonds
D	large atomic numbers
E	high electronegativity

Question 6

What is the difference between isotopes and isobars? (ID-GCM1-01)

A	Isotopes have the same atomic mass but different atomic number, while isobars have the same atomic number but different atomic mass.
B	An isobar is a particular nuclide of an element that has a specific number of neutrons, and thus, a specific mass. An isotope refers to all of the nuclides of all elements that have a particular atomic mass.
C	Isobars are atoms of the same element in different state or configuration while isotopes are completely different elements that share several common atomic properties.
D	Isotopes are unstable states of chemical elements while isobars are regions where these unstable elements are found.
E	Isotopes have the same atomic number but different atomic mass, while isobars have the same atomic mass, but different atomic number.

Question 7

What are chalcophile elements? (ID-GCM1-25)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.

Question 8

Which of the following statement best describe: IAP<Ksp --> <1 --> SI is negative (ID-GCM1-22)

A	Solution is supersaturated
B	Not enough information is provided to answer this question.
C	Mineral precipitates
D	Mineral dissolves
E	Chemical state is at equilibrium

Question 9

What is the composition of the Earth's crust? (ID-GCM1-04)

A	Silicon poor
B	Ultramafic
C	Mafic to ultramafic
D	Rich in high density rocks and minerals
E	Mafic to felsic

Question 10

What is the primary process/force that resulted in the formation of Earth's solid core? (ID-GCM1-05)

A	Separation of metals from silicates.
B	Density variation between the silicon core and the magma ocean above.
C	Centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the Earth.
D	Change in temperature in the magma chamber.
E	Magnetic force.

Question 11

A state of a system is defined by the ____ and the change in state in result in ____. (ID-GCM1-17)

A	None of the answers are correct.
B	amount of energy , change in internal energy
C	external factors , change in internal energy
D	amount of heat it contains , decreasing internal energy
E	stability of atoms , increasing in internal energy

Question 12

The enthalpy of exothermic reactions will have which of the following characteristics? (ID-GCM1-18)

A	Increased of net internal energy.
B	A negative change enthapy.
C	High amount of internal energy in the products.
D	A positive change enthapy

Question 13

Referring to ionic radii, higher the ______ and smaller the ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-12)

A	charge , atomic number
B	charge , cation
C	radius , cation
D	atomic number , size of the atom
E	atomic number , charge

Question 14

Which of the following statement is true about the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)? (ID-GCM1-20)

A	Sample must be in solution.
B	Similar to XRF, except the sample is excited by a beam of electrons.
C	Samples must be vacuum chamber compatible.
D	ASS is a non-destructive analytical method.
E	Several elements can be analyzed at a time.

Question 15

Which of the following is considered as an advantage of using Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS)? (ID-GCM1-14)

A	Very high spatial resolution.
B	No sample preparation is required for analysis.
C	Ability to obtain comprehensive analytical data within a very short time period.
D	Ability to ionize and evaporate samples at different temperatures at the same time.
E	Can used to ionize almost any element in nature.

Question 16

According to the Aufbau Principle, maximum number of electrons that can occupy an orbital is ______ and the electrons enter the orbitals ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-09)

A	six , at an angle
B	one , with lowest energy
C	two , with lowest energy
D	three , at an angle
E	one , at an angle

Question 17

What are siderophile elements? (ID-GCM1-26)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.

Question 18

What are lithophile elements? (ID-GCM1-24)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.

Question 19

How do we know the core of the Earth is composed of primarily Fe? (ID-GCM1-07)

A	By analyzing the sample taken from the core.
B	From the samples from kimberlite pipes.
C	Based on the chemical composition of rocks on the surface.
D	By analyzing the magma composition from different volcanoes.
E	Unique seismic signature associated with high density materials.

Question 19 Explanation:

During major earthquakes, the seismic signals can be measured at different parts of the world. By analyzing seismic signals, from these earthquakes signals that traveled across the core of the Earth, we can conclude the core is most likely rich in Fe.

Question 20

A higher equilibrium constant, k indicates ________. (ID-GCM1-23)

A	the net reaction will result in release of energy; change in enthalpy.
B	the net reaction will result in grain of energy; change in enthalpy.
C	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the reactants
D	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the products

Question 21

In this particular type of mass spectrometry, the sample solution is sprayed into a high temperature plasma produced by electromagnetic induction. (ID-GCM1-15)

A	XRF-MS
B	ICP-MS
C	JMS
D	TIMS
E	SIMS

Question 22

The infamous mass deficiency of atoms is attributed to which of the following? (ID-GCM1-08)

A	Depletion of matter.
B	Energy loss.
C	Differences in spin ratios of sub-atomic particles.
D	Atomic decay.

Question 23

What the primary purpose of the large magnetic field used in modern mass spectrometers? (ID-GCM1-13)

A	Separation of isotopes based on the mass.
B	Acceleration of the ions through the analyzing chamber.
C	Detection of different types of isotopes.
D	Source for the ionic mass.

Question 24

Lherzolite has the following mineral composition. (ID-GCM1-03)

A	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Olivine
B	Clinopyroxene and Quartz
C	Orthopyroxene and Olivine
D	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Quartz
E	Orthopyroxene, Olivine and Quartz

Question 25

Ionic substitution becomes more probable under which of the following conditions? (ID-GCM1-11)

A	Low temperature and low pressure
B	High temperature and low pressure
C	High temperature and high pressure
D	None of the answers are correct
E	Low temperature and high pressure

Question 26

What is geochronology? (ID-GCM1-02)

A	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on chronological sequence of sedimentation and lithification.
B	Construction of the history of rocks exclusively based on Pb-207/U-235 dating technique.
C	None of the listed answers are correct.
D	Construction of the history of rocks, fossils and sediments based on relative depositional sequences.
E	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on radiometric dating, paleomagnetic references and other techniques.

Question 27

XRF, INAA and ICP-AES can be used for analyzing... (ID-GCM1-16)

A	isotopes.
B	major and minor elements.
C	Elements lighter than Na.
D	trace elements.

Question 28

Which of the following describes the size (volume) of the orbital? (ID-GCM1-10)

A	Magnetic Quantum Number
B	Azimuthal Quantum Number
C	Spin Quantum Number
D	Principle Quantum Number

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Rajeev Nair during Winter 2017 and textbook ISBN-978-1-444-35095-1.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Geology 323-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

Standing on the shoulders of giants

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Standing on the shoulders of giants