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Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Question 1

Which of the following statement best describe: IAP<Ksp --> <1 --> SI is negative (ID-GCM1-22)

A	Not enough information is provided to answer this question.
B	Mineral precipitates
C	Mineral dissolves
D	Solution is supersaturated
E	Chemical state is at equilibrium

Question 2

Lherzolite has the following mineral composition. (ID-GCM1-03)

A	Clinopyroxene and Quartz
B	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Olivine
C	Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Quartz
D	Orthopyroxene and Olivine
E	Orthopyroxene, Olivine and Quartz

Question 3

Which of the following describes the size (volume) of the orbital? (ID-GCM1-10)

A	Principle Quantum Number
B	Magnetic Quantum Number
C	Spin Quantum Number
D	Azimuthal Quantum Number

Question 4

Diamonds are associated with which of the following geological environment? (ID-GCM1-21)

A	Mantel
B	Ore deposits
C	Hydrothermal mineral deposits
D	Archean cratons
E	Subduction zones

Question 5

Which of the following is considered as an advantage of using Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS)? (ID-GCM1-14)

A	Ability to ionize and evaporate samples at different temperatures at the same time.
B	Can used to ionize almost any element in nature.
C	Ability to obtain comprehensive analytical data within a very short time period.
D	Very high spatial resolution.
E	No sample preparation is required for analysis.

Question 6

Decompression melting is associated with which of the following? (ID-GCM1-06)

A	Convergent boundaries.
B	Liquefaction.
C	Strike-slip earthquakes.
D	Oceanic crust formation.
E	Subduction zones.

Question 7

What is geochronology? (ID-GCM1-02)

A	Construction of the history of rocks exclusively based on Pb-207/U-235 dating technique.
B	None of the listed answers are correct.
C	Construction of the history of rocks, fossils and sediments based on relative depositional sequences.
D	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on chronological sequence of sedimentation and lithification.
E	Dating of rocks, fossils and sediments based on radiometric dating, paleomagnetic references and other techniques.

Question 8

How do we know the core of the Earth is composed of primarily Fe? (ID-GCM1-07)

A	By analyzing the sample taken from the core.
B	By analyzing the magma composition from different volcanoes.
C	From the samples from kimberlite pipes.
D	Unique seismic signature associated with high density materials.
E	Based on the chemical composition of rocks on the surface.

Question 8 Explanation:

During major earthquakes, the seismic signals can be measured at different parts of the world. By analyzing seismic signals, from these earthquakes signals that traveled across the core of the Earth, we can conclude the core is most likely rich in Fe.

Question 9

What is the primary process/force that resulted in the formation of Earth's solid core? (ID-GCM1-05)

A	Density variation between the silicon core and the magma ocean above.
B	Change in temperature in the magma chamber.
C	Separation of metals from silicates.
D	Centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the Earth.
E	Magnetic force.

Question 10

Which of the following statement is true about the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)? (ID-GCM1-20)

A	Several elements can be analyzed at a time.
B	Samples must be vacuum chamber compatible.
C	Similar to XRF, except the sample is excited by a beam of electrons.
D	Sample must be in solution.
E	ASS is a non-destructive analytical method.

Question 11

What is the difference between isotopes and isobars? (ID-GCM1-01)

A	Isotopes have the same atomic number but different atomic mass, while isobars have the same atomic mass, but different atomic number.
B	Isotopes are unstable states of chemical elements while isobars are regions where these unstable elements are found.
C	Isobars are atoms of the same element in different state or configuration while isotopes are completely different elements that share several common atomic properties.
D	Isotopes have the same atomic mass but different atomic number, while isobars have the same atomic number but different atomic mass.
E	An isobar is a particular nuclide of an element that has a specific number of neutrons, and thus, a specific mass. An isotope refers to all of the nuclides of all elements that have a particular atomic mass.

Question 12

What are chalcophile elements? (ID-GCM1-25)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.

Question 13

According to the Aufbau Principle, maximum number of electrons that can occupy an orbital is ______ and the electrons enter the orbitals ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-09)

A	six , at an angle
B	two , with lowest energy
C	one , at an angle
D	one , with lowest energy
E	three , at an angle

Question 14

What analytical method is best described by the following descriptors? (ID-GCM1-19)
-Solid samples must be prepared by making them into a finely grounded rock powder pressed into pellets.
-Low detection limits (can measure trace elements)
-Rapid and precise analytical technique.
-Elements lighter than Na cannot be analyzed.

A	Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
B	Electron Microprobe Analysis (EPMA)
C	X-ray Florescence (XRF)
D	Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)
E	Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA)

Question 15

A state of a system is defined by the ____ and the change in state in result in ____. (ID-GCM1-17)

A	None of the answers are correct.
B	stability of atoms , increasing in internal energy
C	amount of heat it contains , decreasing internal energy
D	amount of energy , change in internal energy
E	external factors , change in internal energy

Question 16

What are siderophile elements? (ID-GCM1-26)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.

Question 17

The infamous mass deficiency of atoms is attributed to which of the following? (ID-GCM1-08)

A	Energy loss.
B	Differences in spin ratios of sub-atomic particles.
C	Depletion of matter.
D	Atomic decay.

Question 18

Elements with ____________ are e-donors. (ID-GCM1-28)

A	high electronegativity
B	covalent bonds
C	low electronegativity
D	small atomic numbers
E	large atomic numbers

Question 19

What the primary purpose of the large magnetic field used in modern mass spectrometers? (ID-GCM1-13)

A	Detection of different types of isotopes.
B	Source for the ionic mass.
C	Acceleration of the ions through the analyzing chamber.
D	Separation of isotopes based on the mass.

Question 20

Referring to ionic radii, higher the ______ and smaller the ______. Answer is in respective order. (ID-GCM1-12)

A	charge , cation
B	radius , cation
C	atomic number , size of the atom
D	atomic number , charge
E	charge , atomic number

Question 21

Which of the following statement is true on coordination number (CN)? (ID-GCM1-27)

A	CN is a measure of number of electrons surrounding a nucleus.
B	Ionic radii decreases with increasing CN.
C	Electrostatic valency is directly proportional to CN.
D	Larger cations have a higher CN.

Question 22

XRF, INAA and ICP-AES can be used for analyzing... (ID-GCM1-16)

A	isotopes.
B	Elements lighter than Na.
C	trace elements.
D	major and minor elements.

Question 23

Ionic substitution becomes more probable under which of the following conditions? (ID-GCM1-11)

A	Low temperature and low pressure
B	None of the answers are correct
C	Low temperature and high pressure
D	High temperature and high pressure
E	High temperature and low pressure

Question 24

A higher equilibrium constant, k indicates ________. (ID-GCM1-23)

A	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the products
B	the equilibrium for the chemical reaction lies with the reactants
C	the net reaction will result in release of energy; change in enthalpy.
D	the net reaction will result in grain of energy; change in enthalpy.

Question 25

In this particular type of mass spectrometry, the sample solution is sprayed into a high temperature plasma produced by electromagnetic induction. (ID-GCM1-15)

A	JMS
B	XRF-MS
C	ICP-MS
D	SIMS
E	TIMS

Question 26

What is the composition of the Earth's crust? (ID-GCM1-04)

A	Ultramafic
B	Rich in high density rocks and minerals
C	Mafic to ultramafic
D	Silicon poor
E	Mafic to felsic

Question 27

What are lithophile elements? (ID-GCM1-24)

A	Elements that preferentially partition into silicate phase.
B	Elements that preferentially partition into gas phase.
C	Elements that preferentially partition into sulfur bearing phase.
D	Elements that preferentially partition into metallic phase.

Question 28

The enthalpy of exothermic reactions will have which of the following characteristics? (ID-GCM1-18)

A	High amount of internal energy in the products.
B	Increased of net internal energy.
C	A positive change enthapy
D	A negative change enthapy.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Rajeev Nair during Winter 2017 and textbook ISBN-978-1-444-35095-1.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Geology 323-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

Standing on the shoulders of giants

Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam

Geochemistry (GLGY 323-UCAL) Midterm I

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Standing on the shoulders of giants