Choose the best answer for the following statements.
-underwent rapid burial
-internal structures were often preserved
-most fossils from Ediacaran period were fossilized through this process.

Sponges have solid codes within their spicules.

This particular Period is known for high volumes of coal formations. It is first appears on Geological records around 358.9 Ma. What is the Period and it's location on the following diagram?
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this without using any AIDS.

On the current Geologic Time Scale, this section is further divided due to empirical evidence found in North America.

What are the Eons represented by 1A and 1B respectively on the following diagram?
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this without using any AIDS.

__I__ is older than Jurassic and __II__ younger than Cretaceous.

How do we know that Trilobites used molting process for growth?

Most common organisms found in Amber based fossilization process are...

Which of the following has the highest precedence, in relation to each other? (largest group)

Which term do we use to describe the fossils that only occurred in certain restricted periods in biostratigraphy? (useful for defining boundaries)

On the conventional Geologic Time Scale, which of the following period is not a part of Paleozoic?

On the following diagram, around what time 5A ended?
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this without using any AIDS.

Classification of fossils and modern organisms into groups known as...

Acme zone is best described as...

Kingdom Protista has produced most advanced forms of organisms.

Which of the two sections are not found in original Linnaean hierarchy?

In __I__ growth, the organism shape remains the same while in __II__ growth, the organism shape changes with the development.

If large scale shell deformation is observed in a confined region, it is most likely caused by non-genetic variability factors; such as high density of population.

What is the largest division in taxonomical hierarchy?

The "Great Dying" is occurred at which boundary?

Around what time the Hadean ended?

Subaerial carbonates are used for what type of studies?

What is the smallest category of Modern Linnaean hierarchy?

The following observations were made during an examination of a sample:
- the frustule is composed of organic silica
- radial symmetry
- found in sediment samples throughout Jurassic to Holocene
- is a microfossil
This sample most like be a...

What type of growth you would expect to find in humans like your grandma?

Moldic fossilization always results preservation of the entire organic body.

On the following diagram, what is highlighted in 3C?
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this without using any AIDS.

This type of zone divisions are commonly used for analyzing biostratigraphy of invertebrates.

Stromatoporoids are important reef builders of what Geologic time period?

Sponges are the simplest multicellular organism found in the stratigraphic evidence from Earth.

Which of the following statement is true?

Which of the following statements are true about Phylum Proifera.

Recrystallization is an unaltered process of fossilization.

Both fossils and trace fossils are useful in determining the history of biological cycles.

When did the Holocene started (according 2013 Geologic Time Scale convention)?

The Sub Class Zoantharia is in what Phylum of Kingdom Animalia?

Which is the smallest morphological feature of a sponge?

Genetic variability only occurs in sexually reproductive species.

What is the most likely type of growth strategy of Radiolarians?

There are only two sub-Periods (subdivisions) on this diagram. They are represented by 3J and 3K. What are they?
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this without using any AIDS.

Profera and Archaeocyatha are colonial life forms.

During accretion type growth, the organisms continuously grow at a steady (same) rate.

Which of the following is an example of a "living fossil"?

What is the best ,morphological definition of a species?

During this process of fossilization, the soft body parts of organisms were covered with a hard part. Often the hard section is made of calcium carbonates.

An example of an organism that underwent molting would be...

According to paleobiological evidence the world is 6000 years old.

Choose the odd one out based on the process of fossilization. (Choose the best option!)

Insects
Diatoms
Bivalves
Coccolithophorids
Sponges
Gastropods

By convention, in order to be a true fossil, the sample must be at least ___ years old.

Which of the following is the female reproductive cells of a sponge?

What is 3L on the following diagram?
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this without using any AIDS.

The FAD (First Appearance Datum) and LAD (Last Appearance Datum) is associated with Interval Zones.

Organisms belongs to Phylum Archaeocyatha have been found in the fossil record as far back as...

In modern Paleobiology, this type of variability is very useful in identifying species.

Gerotic is equivalent of being...

When is the end of the Mesozoic era?

The category Tribe can only be found in...

Ontogenetic refers to ____ of organisms.

Which of the following cell types are responsible for gathering food in sponges?

Which of the following process best describe the fossilization process of woolly mammoth of Siberia?

Echinoderms have what type of symmetry?

Radiolaria one of the hardest hit due to Great Dying event.

How many kinds of genetic variability do we use in Paleobiological studies?

Pinacocytes and what other type of specialized cells make up the outer lining of a Porifera?

What is the species of Hexagonaria cristata?

You came across a really really old rock. Your prof said that it is one of the oldest. It is most likely from which period?

What is the oldest period of Mesozoic?

Pentamerism is a sub category of what type of symmetry?

What do we call a graph that illustrates the the number of chambers with the area of each chamber?

Cretaceous, Jurassic and Teiassic periods are all part of what era?

If you have to choose the best possible symmetry of the following diagram, what would that be? (Assume you know nothing about this organism. Just looking at the diagram...)

On the following diagram, what is highlighted in 2D?
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this without using any AIDS.

In the Phylum Porifers (sponges), this particular Class is characterized by spicules that intersects with about 60^o/120^o angles.

We live in which era?

Carboniferous period is divided into how many sub periods?

Sometimes we can identify fossils by their physical characteristics. What is the most probable type of fossil in this diagram?

As skeleton to human, _____ to diatoms.

What number is used for labeling the central cavity on the following diagram? Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Archaeocyatha.png

Longer the range which the organism existed on fossil record, better the data which it can provide on the interval zone.

Which of the following is the most flat surface of a sponge?

Non-genetic variations in species are most likely caused by...

Non-wave resistance organic buildups are often describes as...

The term "Gas Window" which occurs at the temperatures between 120 - 225 degree Celsius associated with what type of fossilization?

The FAD (first appearance datum) is sometimes refereed as...

What structure is labeled with number 7 on the following diagram? Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Archaeocyatha.png

Which part of the Silicoflagellates, would most likely to be lost during fossilization?

The following is a representation of what type of organism? Original Image credit: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Radiolaria3434.JPG

Diatoms are known to produce large quantities (compared to their body size) of what substance?

Which of the following organisms group have animal-type metabolism?

What is the evolutionary occurrence for Order Archeospicularia in the Class of Radiolarians?

Coccolithophorids are beloved to be the producers of the most chalks based geologic materials in the history of the Earth.

Which of the following images would most likely represents a Spumellarian? Images credits: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Radiolarian.png http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diatoms.png http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Haeckel_Spumellaria_detail.png http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Foraminifera_hg.jpg

On the following diagram of a Nessellaria, an Order of Radiolarians, what is indicated with E?

What is the stratigraphic time range for Tasmanitids?

The following is a representation of what type of organism? Image credit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gephyrocapsa_oceanica_color.jpg

Radiolarians use the process of photosynthesis to produce food.

The Silicoflagellates distribution is mostly controlled by the abundance of silica in the oceanic water.

This type of organisms were made of tests composed of a wide range of chemicals such as calcite, aragonite and silica. They were unicellular organisms with mostly planticks form of life.

Which of the following images would most likely represents a diatom? Images credits: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Radiolarian.png http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diatoms.png http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Haeckel_Spumellaria_detail.png http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Foraminifera_hg.jpg

Who published the first scientific illustration of Radiolarians?

How would you describe the movement of Diatoms?

Pennate diatoms are capable of independent movement.

Microfossil Silicoflagellates have a size range of...

The Diatom's frustule is made of three major components. The largest component is known as...

Tasmanitids are found in what type of sediments?

Compared to all other plant-link protistans, this group has the most thickened walls.

Which of the positive elements of Silicoflagellates forms the outer most structure (most important)?

This type of organisms have 3 - 15 micron plates made of calcareous chemical compounds.

This is an outline (diagram) of Spumellarian, an Order of Radiolarian. What architectural component is highlighted with green coloured circle?

What is the stratigraphical time period for Coccolithophorids?

On the following diagram of a Nessellaria, an Order of Radiolarians, what is indicated with A?

Centric Diatoms are usually radial in symmetry and the Pervalar axis connects the two values.

The larger spines on Order Spumellarian (Radiolaria) are known as...

Coccolithophorids are found in which type of sediments/rocks?

This is an outline (diagram) of Spumellarian, an Order of Radiolarian. What architectural component is highlighted with red coloured circle?

What is the smaller component of Diatom's frustule?

A colony of a Radiolarian can be as large as several meters.

Find the odd one out.

Silicoflagellates
Diatoms
Radiolarians
Coccolithophorids
Sponges
Foraminifera

Which of the following organisms group have a frustule made of organic silica?

Which of the following statements are true about Coccolithophorids?

What is the most likely evolutionary occurrence for Order Albailleria in the Class of Radiolarians?

What is the evolutionary existence of Silicoflagellates?

This is an outline (diagram) of Spumellarian, an Order of Radiolarian. Which part of the Spumellarian, would most likely to be lost during fossilization?

Albaillellarians have skeletons with three intersecting bars.

In order for a rock to be classified as a Silicoflagellithites, what percentage of the composition must contain Silicoflagellates?

Find the odd one out.

Silicoflagellates
Diatoms
Radiolarians
Coccolithophorids
Tasmanitids

What kind of symmetry would you expect to find on Coccolithophorids?

On the following diagram of a Nessellaria, an Order of Radiolarians, what is indicated with B?

Radiolarians like to hang out in the deeper (over 100 ft) part of the oceanic water column.