Anthropology 303 – Business In Cultural Context

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Question 1

Canadian culture can be best described with which of the following terms? (ID-BCF-16)

A	Individualism, low power distance and uncertainty acceptance
B	Individualism, high power distance and uncertainty avoidance
C	Feminine, low power distance and uncertainty avoidance
D	Individualism, high power distance and uncertainty acceptance
E	Individualism, low power distance and uncertainty avoidance

Question 2

What are are 4Ps of marketing mix? (ID-BCF-02)

A	Product, Price, Place and Promotion
B	Production, Process, Price and Promotion
C	Price, Placement, Promote and Persuasion
D	Product, Pre-purchase, Purchase, Post-purchase
E	Production, Promotion, Persuasion and Payment

Question 3

When people are adjusting to a new culture, they go through different stages. Which of the following stages are ethnorelative stages? (ID-BCF-21)

A	Denial, Defense and Minimization
B	Adaptation, Defense and Minimization
C	Denial, Defense and Acceptance
D	Adaptation, Integration and Acceptance
E	Minimization, Acceptance and Adaptation

Question 4

Which of the following is not part of the pre-purchase process? (ID-BCF-03)

A	Problem/need recognition
B	Information search
C	Evaluation of alternatives
D	Feedback
E	Purchase decision

Question 5

What is the most fundamental principle behind a myth? (ID-BCF-13)

A	All myths are original and remain unchanged over time.
B	Myths must state the underlying principle explicitly.
C	Storyline contain two opposing forces that are symbolic.
D	Myths must have a religious or spiritual connotation.
E	Myths draw concepts from ancient civilizations such as Roman and Greek.

Question 6

Parades, elections, trials, and provincial holidays can be best described as ____ rituals. (ID-BCF-14)

A	rites of passage
B	religious
C	personal
D	civic
E	family

Question 7

Which of the following is false about myths? (ID-BCF-10)

A	They often contains stories/ideas of two opposing forces (good vs evil, strong vs weak, etc).
B	They often contains magical elements.
C	They contains symbolic meanings.
D	They are often used as a tool to drive sales and promotions.
E	They are all originated from old legends.

Question 7 Explanation:

Not all myths are originated from old legends. They can be newly formed ideas/concepts by marketing companies.

Question 8

Which of the following item can be priced relatively higher (larger profit) than the other? (ID-BCF-11)

A	Wedding invitation card.
B	A gift card.
C	Religious card.
D	A birthday card.
E	Graduation card.

Question 8 Explanation:

Generally, the products that are attached to strong religious or cultural views can be sold for a higher price with a larger profit.

Question 9

Which of the following statement is true? (ID-BCF-30)

A	You cannot question the superiors in egalitarian cultures.
B	In egalitarian cultures, power is concentrated within a very few people.
C	Hierarchical cultures have mechanisms for redress grievances.
D	The decision-marking process takes longer in egalitarian cultures than in hierarchical cultures.
E	You are expected to say "I don't know" rather than providing an uninformed or in correct answers to business questions in hierarchical cultures.

Question 9 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. The Cultural Dimension of Global Business by G. P. Ferraro and E. K. Briody - Seventh Edition; Pages 38 - 39, Chapter 2. ISBN10: 0-205-83559-7 and ISBN 13: 978-0-205-83559-1

Question 10

In Canada, the phrase ‘the squeaky wheel gets the oil’, meaning that if you make enough noise you will get attention, suggests an important value in Canadian society is... (ID-BCF-23)

A	Individualism
B	Low power distance
C	Egalitarianism
D	Hierarchy
E	Short- time orientation

Question 11

Which of the following is true about non-verbal communication? (ID-BCF-31)

A	Majority, if not all, non-verbal communication gestures are universal in the Western world.
B	In many cultures, often non-verbal communication is used to signal differences in status.
C	Non-verbal communication is a type of stand along communication method.
D	The most explicit information is gathered through non-verbal communication.
E	Proxemics deals with the variation of facial expressions.

Question 12

Before the financial crisis, typically in North America which of the following is ranked the highest? (ID-BCF-09)

A	Security
B	Sense of belonging
C	Self respect
D	Being well respected
E	Excitement

Question 13

What is a transitional organization? (ID-BCF-29)

A	It is a phase a company would go through just before a complete failure.
B	An organization that is composed of multiple business partners from several different countries.
C	An organization that take control of the company during major cultural changes.
D	It is the process of exchanging cultures within an organization.
E	It is a phase in which a small business/company slowly changed in to a larger cooperation.

Question 13 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. Business Anthropology by Ann T. Jordan - Second Edition; Pages 109 - 125, Chapter 9. ISBN10: 1-57766-827-8 and ISBN 13: 978-7-57766-827-5

Question 14

What is the primary source of non-verbal communication that can observed in every culture? (ID-BCF-24)

A	Body posture
B	Face
C	Eyes
D	Physically contact
E	Hands

Question 15

Which of the following country can be considered as low context culture? (ID-BCF-18)

A	Arabic
B	Spanish
C	German
D	Latin American
E	Japanese

Question 16

Which of the following items can be considered as individual values? (ID-BCF-08)
1. Security
2. Excitement
3. Warm relationships with others
4. Self-respect
5. Belonging
6. Being well respected
7. Self-fulfillment
8. Fun and enjoyment
9. Sense of accomplishment

A	1, 2 , 3 , 4 only
B	2 , 4, 7 , 9 only
C	3 , 5 , 7 , 8 only
D	All of the above listed items.
E	1 , 2 , 5 , 7 only

Question 17

The numbers, letters and phrases can be symbols. (ID-BCF-17)

A	False because numbers cannot be symbols.
B	False because letters cannot be symbols.
C	True
D	False because phrases are too explicit hence cannot be symbols.

Question 18

The opposite extreme of hierarchy is demonstrated by which of the following? (ID-BCF-28)

A	Small power distance
B	Strong uncertainty avoidance
C	Collectivism
D	Femininity
E	Long-time orientation

Question 19

What is Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? (ID-BCF-36)

A	Learning a new language can help learn more languages later in life. In other words, once you learn a new language, it is easier to learn several others.
B	The written language is always more explicit than the spoken language in all 5500+ languages in the world.
C	Language is dynamic and changes over time.
D	Learning a new language is beneficial because it will explain cultural differences of the new environment.
E	It state that the language not only used for explicit communication but also linguistic categories limit and determine cognitive categories.

Question 19 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. The Cultural Dimension of Global Business by G. P. Ferraro and E. K. Briody - Seventh Edition; Pages 113 - 114, Chapter 4. ISBN10: 0-205-83559-7 and ISBN 13: 978-0-205-83559-1

Question 20

Majority of immigrants to Canada before 1960 are ____ . (ID-BCF-20)

A	Asians (Chinese)
B	South Asians
C	Western Europeans
D	Eastern Europeans
E	Americans

Question 21

Which of the following describe a cultural ritual? (ID-BCF-15)

A	They are not good opportunities for marketing because each and every individual/group may have different views on the same event.
B	Usually they occur in a fixed sequence and occur periodically.
C	They are almost always much smaller events than religious rituals.
D	They are only observed in the East such as China and Japan.
E	They are almost always a public (non family) event.

Question 22

When people are adjusting to a new culture, they go through different stages. Which of the following stages are ethnocentric stages? (ID-BCF-19)

A	Denial, Defense and Minimization
B	Acceptance, Minimization and Integration
C	Denial, Defense and Acceptance
D	Defense, Minimization and Integration
E	Acceptance, Adaptation and Integration

Question 23

Which of the following is a characteristic of high context cultures? (ID-BCF-12)

A	Meaning are embedded at many social levels.
B	Less importance on age and experience.
C	Time is highly valued.
D	Logical, linear and highly action-oriented.
E	Straightforwardness

Question 24

Researchers have identified several stages of culture shock. What is the third stage of culture shock? (ID-BCF-34)

A	Introduction
B	Transition
C	Acceptance
D	Integration
E	Adjustment

Question 24 Explanation:

Note: There are several culture shock models. Usually the Adjustment to new environment occurs in the third stage in most models.

Question 25

According to the Means-End Chain Model, which of the following can be considered as value(s)? (ID-BCF-07)
I. Buying a car so you can travel to work everyday.
II. Buying food with low cholesterol.
II. Obtaining a degree because you want a good job.

A	I and II
B	I only
C	II and III only
D	II only
E	III only

Question 25 Explanation:

This is a difficult question. Some of you may think it is an unfair question. However, I think it is a fair question and you should be able to use at least process of elimination to obtain an answer.

Question 26

Which of the following is false about consumer behaviour? (ID-BCF-01)

A	Information search is done in the per-purchase phase.
B	It can be influenced by external forces/factors.
C	It is a logical process.
D	It is driven by wants and not by needs of individuals. Hint: Both needs and wants drives the behaviour.
E	People tend to spend more time researching a product if the cost of the product is higher.

Question 27

Proxemics is one of several subcategories of the study of nonverbal communication. It deals with... (ID-BCF-22)

A	touching or physical contact.
B	facial expressions.
C	physical space usage.
D	hand gestures.
E	time symbolism.

Question 28

The term "brand" has the following literal meaning. (ID-BCF-05)

A	To promote or publicize.
B	To burn or stamp something.
C	To create or design a product.
D	To produce goods or provide services.
E	To develop a legend.

Question 29

How many levels are in the Means-End Chain Model? (ID-BCF-26)

A	Two
B	Six
C	Four
D	Three
E	Five

Question 30

Which of the following items can be considered as interpersonal orientation values? (ID-BCF-27)
1. Security
2. Excitement
3. Warm relationships with others
4. Self-respect
5. Belonging
6. Being well respected
7. Self-fulfillment
8. Fun and enjoyment
9. Sense of accomplishment

A	1 , 2 , 5 , 7 only
B	2 , 4, 7 , 9 only
C	3 and 8 only
D	7 and 9 only
E	2 and 5 only

Question 31

Which of the following is not a benefit of multicultural workforce? (ID-BCF-32)

A	Retaliation of best available talent.
B	Employees will embrace the cooperate culture.
C	Increased in productivity due to better cooperation.
D	Improved problem solving methods.
E	Lower competition for job opportunities.

Question 31 Explanation:

Companies that encourage multicultural business cultures have much higher number of applicant for job opportunities than others. Examples are Google Inc, ImperialOil, etc.

Question 32

Which of the following is a physical symptom of culture shock? (ID-BCF-33)

A	Feelings of rejection
B	Feelings of incompetence
C	Insomnia
D	Depression
E	Resentment

Question 33

Which is false about marketing? (ID-BCF-04)

A	Marketing is a process that may not always contain specific steps.
B	Marketing include the product pricing according the market which the product is placed.
C	Marketing plays a vital role in product success.
D	Modern marketing methods only work in capitalistic economies.
E	Marketing can be used to promote products that people need as well we people want.

Question 34

What is the best option a company can take to ensure accurate translation of slogans? (ID-BCF-35)

A	Use the original language itself and avoid translations all together.
B	Use an independent professional translator.
C	Create a brand new slogan when moving into a new region with different language than that of the original.
D	Use back translation where a translated message is translated back into the original language.
E	Avoid idioms and other ethno-specific terms.

Question 35

Why do oral care products contain mint flavor? (ID-BCF-06)

A	Due to its strong scent.
B	Due to its qualities of disinfection.
C	Due to cultural expectations.
D	Mint is a key active ingredient in oral care products.

Question 36

The physical and emotional discomfort produced when a person moves to a culture different from the place of origin is known as... (ID-BCF-25)

A	culture shock.
B	cultural disorientation.
C	cultural disambiguation.
D	cultural experience.
E	culture dystopia.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Christopher John Holdsworth during Spring 2015.
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If you get a question wrong, you can still click on the other answers. This will open up hints and explanations (if available), which will provide additional information.

Videos

TED Talk: Rory Sutherland: Life lessons from an Ad man

How smoking became a symbol of the “Emancipated Woman”

Propaganda in America – Meet Edward Bernays

Lexicon Branding (may not play in all browsers)

http://www.lexiconbranding.com/videos/lexicon-branding-movie.html

Cultural Dimension: direct versus indirect communication style

Cultural Dimension: low versus high power distance

High vs Low Uncertainty Avoidance

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qem46KUMIOM

Reaching Across cultures without losing yourself

http://blip.tv/hbrchannel/reaching-across-cultures-without-losing-yourself-6558957

Cultural Diversity in the Workplace

Multi-Cultural Meeting

http://vimeo.com/88245683 or

http://www.trainingabc.com/building-the-multicultural-team/

Sanuja Senanayake

Anthropology 303 Final-University of Calgary

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Standing on the shoulders of giants

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Standing on the shoulders of giants