Anthropology 303 – Business In Cultural Context

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Question 1

Before the financial crisis, typically in North America which of the following is ranked the highest? (ID-BCF-09)

A	Self respect
B	Security
C	Excitement
D	Sense of belonging
E	Being well respected

Question 2

Which is false about marketing? (ID-BCF-04)

A	Modern marketing methods only work in capitalistic economies.
B	Marketing include the product pricing according the market which the product is placed.
C	Marketing is a process that may not always contain specific steps.
D	Marketing plays a vital role in product success.
E	Marketing can be used to promote products that people need as well we people want.

Question 3

Researchers have identified several stages of culture shock. What is the third stage of culture shock? (ID-BCF-34)

A	Introduction
B	Integration
C	Adjustment
D	Acceptance
E	Transition

Question 3 Explanation:

Note: There are several culture shock models. Usually the Adjustment to new environment occurs in the third stage in most models.

Question 4

In Canada, the phrase ‘the squeaky wheel gets the oil’, meaning that if you make enough noise you will get attention, suggests an important value in Canadian society is... (ID-BCF-23)

A	Individualism
B	Low power distance
C	Hierarchy
D	Egalitarianism
E	Short- time orientation

Question 5

What is the primary source of non-verbal communication that can observed in every culture? (ID-BCF-24)

A	Hands
B	Physically contact
C	Eyes
D	Face
E	Body posture

Question 6

Which of the following describe a cultural ritual? (ID-BCF-15)

A	They are almost always much smaller events than religious rituals.
B	They are only observed in the East such as China and Japan.
C	Usually they occur in a fixed sequence and occur periodically.
D	They are not good opportunities for marketing because each and every individual/group may have different views on the same event.
E	They are almost always a public (non family) event.

Question 7

Canadian culture can be best described with which of the following terms? (ID-BCF-16)

A	Individualism, high power distance and uncertainty avoidance
B	Feminine, low power distance and uncertainty avoidance
C	Individualism, low power distance and uncertainty avoidance
D	Individualism, low power distance and uncertainty acceptance
E	Individualism, high power distance and uncertainty acceptance

Question 8

When people are adjusting to a new culture, they go through different stages. Which of the following stages are ethnorelative stages? (ID-BCF-21)

A	Minimization, Acceptance and Adaptation
B	Denial, Defense and Minimization
C	Denial, Defense and Acceptance
D	Adaptation, Defense and Minimization
E	Adaptation, Integration and Acceptance

Question 9

The term "brand" has the following literal meaning. (ID-BCF-05)

A	To burn or stamp something.
B	To promote or publicize.
C	To produce goods or provide services.
D	To create or design a product.
E	To develop a legend.

Question 10

What is Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? (ID-BCF-36)

A	Learning a new language can help learn more languages later in life. In other words, once you learn a new language, it is easier to learn several others.
B	The written language is always more explicit than the spoken language in all 5500+ languages in the world.
C	It state that the language not only used for explicit communication but also linguistic categories limit and determine cognitive categories.
D	Learning a new language is beneficial because it will explain cultural differences of the new environment.
E	Language is dynamic and changes over time.

Question 10 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. The Cultural Dimension of Global Business by G. P. Ferraro and E. K. Briody - Seventh Edition; Pages 113 - 114, Chapter 4. ISBN10: 0-205-83559-7 and ISBN 13: 978-0-205-83559-1

Question 11

Which of the following item can be priced relatively higher (larger profit) than the other? (ID-BCF-11)

A	Wedding invitation card.
B	Religious card.
C	A birthday card.
D	A gift card.
E	Graduation card.

Question 11 Explanation:

Generally, the products that are attached to strong religious or cultural views can be sold for a higher price with a larger profit.

Question 12

The opposite extreme of hierarchy is demonstrated by which of the following? (ID-BCF-28)

A	Collectivism
B	Small power distance
C	Long-time orientation
D	Femininity
E	Strong uncertainty avoidance

Question 13

Which of the following is false about myths? (ID-BCF-10)

A	They often contains magical elements.
B	They are all originated from old legends.
C	They contains symbolic meanings.
D	They are often used as a tool to drive sales and promotions.
E	They often contains stories/ideas of two opposing forces (good vs evil, strong vs weak, etc).

Question 13 Explanation:

Not all myths are originated from old legends. They can be newly formed ideas/concepts by marketing companies.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about non-verbal communication? (ID-BCF-31)

A	Proxemics deals with the variation of facial expressions.
B	Majority, if not all, non-verbal communication gestures are universal in the Western world.
C	Non-verbal communication is a type of stand along communication method.
D	The most explicit information is gathered through non-verbal communication.
E	In many cultures, often non-verbal communication is used to signal differences in status.

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of high context cultures? (ID-BCF-12)

A	Straightforwardness
B	Time is highly valued.
C	Logical, linear and highly action-oriented.
D	Meaning are embedded at many social levels.
E	Less importance on age and experience.

Question 16

Which of the following items can be considered as individual values? (ID-BCF-08)
1. Security
2. Excitement
3. Warm relationships with others
4. Self-respect
5. Belonging
6. Being well respected
7. Self-fulfillment
8. Fun and enjoyment
9. Sense of accomplishment

A	1 , 2 , 5 , 7 only
B	1, 2 , 3 , 4 only
C	3 , 5 , 7 , 8 only
D	2 , 4, 7 , 9 only
E	All of the above listed items.

Question 17

Which of the following is not part of the pre-purchase process? (ID-BCF-03)

A	Evaluation of alternatives
B	Purchase decision
C	Problem/need recognition
D	Feedback
E	Information search

Question 18

The physical and emotional discomfort produced when a person moves to a culture different from the place of origin is known as... (ID-BCF-25)

A	culture shock.
B	culture dystopia.
C	cultural disorientation.
D	cultural disambiguation.
E	cultural experience.

Question 19

What is a transitional organization? (ID-BCF-29)

A	It is a phase in which a small business/company slowly changed in to a larger cooperation.
B	An organization that is composed of multiple business partners from several different countries.
C	It is a phase a company would go through just before a complete failure.
D	An organization that take control of the company during major cultural changes.
E	It is the process of exchanging cultures within an organization.

Question 19 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. Business Anthropology by Ann T. Jordan - Second Edition; Pages 109 - 125, Chapter 9. ISBN10: 1-57766-827-8 and ISBN 13: 978-7-57766-827-5

Question 20

The numbers, letters and phrases can be symbols. (ID-BCF-17)

A	False because letters cannot be symbols.
B	False because numbers cannot be symbols.
C	True
D	False because phrases are too explicit hence cannot be symbols.

Question 21

Which of the following is false about consumer behaviour? (ID-BCF-01)

A	It can be influenced by external forces/factors.
B	It is a logical process.
C	It is driven by wants and not by needs of individuals. Hint: Both needs and wants drives the behaviour.
D	Information search is done in the per-purchase phase.
E	People tend to spend more time researching a product if the cost of the product is higher.

Question 22

Which of the following statement is true? (ID-BCF-30)

A	The decision-marking process takes longer in egalitarian cultures than in hierarchical cultures.
B	Hierarchical cultures have mechanisms for redress grievances.
C	You cannot question the superiors in egalitarian cultures.
D	You are expected to say "I don't know" rather than providing an uninformed or in correct answers to business questions in hierarchical cultures.
E	In egalitarian cultures, power is concentrated within a very few people.

Question 22 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. The Cultural Dimension of Global Business by G. P. Ferraro and E. K. Briody - Seventh Edition; Pages 38 - 39, Chapter 2. ISBN10: 0-205-83559-7 and ISBN 13: 978-0-205-83559-1

Question 23

Which of the following is a physical symptom of culture shock? (ID-BCF-33)

A	Feelings of rejection
B	Feelings of incompetence
C	Resentment
D	Insomnia
E	Depression

Question 24

Proxemics is one of several subcategories of the study of nonverbal communication. It deals with... (ID-BCF-22)

A	physical space usage.
B	touching or physical contact.
C	time symbolism.
D	hand gestures.
E	facial expressions.

Question 25

How many levels are in the Means-End Chain Model? (ID-BCF-26)

A	Four
B	Five
C	Two
D	Three
E	Six

Question 26

According to the Means-End Chain Model, which of the following can be considered as value(s)? (ID-BCF-07)
I. Buying a car so you can travel to work everyday.
II. Buying food with low cholesterol.
II. Obtaining a degree because you want a good job.

A	I only
B	I and II
C	III only
D	II only
E	II and III only

Question 26 Explanation:

This is a difficult question. Some of you may think it is an unfair question. However, I think it is a fair question and you should be able to use at least process of elimination to obtain an answer.

Question 27

Parades, elections, trials, and provincial holidays can be best described as ____ rituals. (ID-BCF-14)

A	family
B	rites of passage
C	civic
D	religious
E	personal

Question 28

Which of the following items can be considered as interpersonal orientation values? (ID-BCF-27)
1. Security
2. Excitement
3. Warm relationships with others
4. Self-respect
5. Belonging
6. Being well respected
7. Self-fulfillment
8. Fun and enjoyment
9. Sense of accomplishment

A	3 and 8 only
B	1 , 2 , 5 , 7 only
C	2 and 5 only
D	7 and 9 only
E	2 , 4, 7 , 9 only

Question 29

When people are adjusting to a new culture, they go through different stages. Which of the following stages are ethnocentric stages? (ID-BCF-19)

A	Denial, Defense and Acceptance
B	Acceptance, Minimization and Integration
C	Acceptance, Adaptation and Integration
D	Denial, Defense and Minimization
E	Defense, Minimization and Integration

Question 30

Which of the following country can be considered as low context culture? (ID-BCF-18)

A	Arabic
B	Spanish
C	Japanese
D	German
E	Latin American

Question 31

Majority of immigrants to Canada before 1960 are ____ . (ID-BCF-20)

A	Americans
B	Asians (Chinese)
C	Western Europeans
D	Eastern Europeans
E	South Asians

Question 32

Why do oral care products contain mint flavor? (ID-BCF-06)

A	Due to cultural expectations.
B	Due to its strong scent.
C	Mint is a key active ingredient in oral care products.
D	Due to its qualities of disinfection.

Question 33

Which of the following is not a benefit of multicultural workforce? (ID-BCF-32)

A	Lower competition for job opportunities.
B	Retaliation of best available talent.
C	Increased in productivity due to better cooperation.
D	Improved problem solving methods.
E	Employees will embrace the cooperate culture.

Question 33 Explanation:

Companies that encourage multicultural business cultures have much higher number of applicant for job opportunities than others. Examples are Google Inc, ImperialOil, etc.

Question 34

What is the most fundamental principle behind a myth? (ID-BCF-13)

A	Myths draw concepts from ancient civilizations such as Roman and Greek.
B	Myths must state the underlying principle explicitly.
C	All myths are original and remain unchanged over time.
D	Storyline contain two opposing forces that are symbolic.
E	Myths must have a religious or spiritual connotation.

Question 35

What is the best option a company can take to ensure accurate translation of slogans? (ID-BCF-35)

A	Use an independent professional translator.
B	Create a brand new slogan when moving into a new region with different language than that of the original.
C	Use the original language itself and avoid translations all together.
D	Use back translation where a translated message is translated back into the original language.
E	Avoid idioms and other ethno-specific terms.

Question 36

What are are 4Ps of marketing mix? (ID-BCF-02)

A	Product, Price, Place and Promotion
B	Production, Process, Price and Promotion
C	Product, Pre-purchase, Purchase, Post-purchase
D	Price, Placement, Promote and Persuasion
E	Production, Promotion, Persuasion and Payment

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Christopher John Holdsworth during Spring 2015.
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If you get a question wrong, you can still click on the other answers. This will open up hints and explanations (if available), which will provide additional information.

Videos

TED Talk: Rory Sutherland: Life lessons from an Ad man

How smoking became a symbol of the “Emancipated Woman”

Propaganda in America – Meet Edward Bernays

Lexicon Branding (may not play in all browsers)

http://www.lexiconbranding.com/videos/lexicon-branding-movie.html

Cultural Dimension: direct versus indirect communication style

Cultural Dimension: low versus high power distance

High vs Low Uncertainty Avoidance

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qem46KUMIOM

Reaching Across cultures without losing yourself

http://blip.tv/hbrchannel/reaching-across-cultures-without-losing-yourself-6558957

Cultural Diversity in the Workplace

Multi-Cultural Meeting

http://vimeo.com/88245683 or

http://www.trainingabc.com/building-the-multicultural-team/

Sanuja Senanayake

Anthropology 303 Final-University of Calgary

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Standing on the shoulders of giants

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Standing on the shoulders of giants