Anthropology 303 – Business In Cultural Context

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Question 1

Researchers have identified several stages of culture shock. What is the third stage of culture shock? (ID-BCF-34)

A	Adjustment
B	Acceptance
C	Introduction
D	Transition
E	Integration

Question 1 Explanation:

Note: There are several culture shock models. Usually the Adjustment to new environment occurs in the third stage in most models.

Question 2

In Canada, the phrase ‘the squeaky wheel gets the oil’, meaning that if you make enough noise you will get attention, suggests an important value in Canadian society is... (ID-BCF-23)

A	Hierarchy
B	Egalitarianism
C	Individualism
D	Short- time orientation
E	Low power distance

Question 3

Which is false about marketing? (ID-BCF-04)

A	Marketing plays a vital role in product success.
B	Modern marketing methods only work in capitalistic economies.
C	Marketing is a process that may not always contain specific steps.
D	Marketing can be used to promote products that people need as well we people want.
E	Marketing include the product pricing according the market which the product is placed.

Question 4

Which of the following is false about consumer behaviour? (ID-BCF-01)

A	Information search is done in the per-purchase phase.
B	It can be influenced by external forces/factors.
C	It is driven by wants and not by needs of individuals. Hint: Both needs and wants drives the behaviour.
D	It is a logical process.
E	People tend to spend more time researching a product if the cost of the product is higher.

Question 5

The opposite extreme of hierarchy is demonstrated by which of the following? (ID-BCF-28)

A	Femininity
B	Strong uncertainty avoidance
C	Collectivism
D	Long-time orientation
E	Small power distance

Question 6

What is the most fundamental principle behind a myth? (ID-BCF-13)

A	Myths draw concepts from ancient civilizations such as Roman and Greek.
B	Storyline contain two opposing forces that are symbolic.
C	Myths must have a religious or spiritual connotation.
D	All myths are original and remain unchanged over time.
E	Myths must state the underlying principle explicitly.

Question 7

What is the primary source of non-verbal communication that can observed in every culture? (ID-BCF-24)

A	Physically contact
B	Eyes
C	Hands
D	Face
E	Body posture

Question 8

Which of the following is not a benefit of multicultural workforce? (ID-BCF-32)

A	Increased in productivity due to better cooperation.
B	Improved problem solving methods.
C	Retaliation of best available talent.
D	Employees will embrace the cooperate culture.
E	Lower competition for job opportunities.

Question 8 Explanation:

Companies that encourage multicultural business cultures have much higher number of applicant for job opportunities than others. Examples are Google Inc, ImperialOil, etc.

Question 9

Parades, elections, trials, and provincial holidays can be best described as ____ rituals. (ID-BCF-14)

A	religious
B	personal
C	rites of passage
D	family
E	civic

Question 10

How many levels are in the Means-End Chain Model? (ID-BCF-26)

A	Three
B	Six
C	Four
D	Five
E	Two

Question 11

When people are adjusting to a new culture, they go through different stages. Which of the following stages are ethnorelative stages? (ID-BCF-21)

A	Adaptation, Integration and Acceptance
B	Denial, Defense and Acceptance
C	Adaptation, Defense and Minimization
D	Minimization, Acceptance and Adaptation
E	Denial, Defense and Minimization

Question 12

What are are 4Ps of marketing mix? (ID-BCF-02)

A	Product, Price, Place and Promotion
B	Price, Placement, Promote and Persuasion
C	Production, Process, Price and Promotion
D	Production, Promotion, Persuasion and Payment
E	Product, Pre-purchase, Purchase, Post-purchase

Question 13

Which of the following is true about non-verbal communication? (ID-BCF-31)

A	The most explicit information is gathered through non-verbal communication.
B	Majority, if not all, non-verbal communication gestures are universal in the Western world.
C	Proxemics deals with the variation of facial expressions.
D	Non-verbal communication is a type of stand along communication method.
E	In many cultures, often non-verbal communication is used to signal differences in status.

Question 14

What is a transitional organization? (ID-BCF-29)

A	It is a phase in which a small business/company slowly changed in to a larger cooperation.
B	It is a phase a company would go through just before a complete failure.
C	An organization that is composed of multiple business partners from several different countries.
D	An organization that take control of the company during major cultural changes.
E	It is the process of exchanging cultures within an organization.

Question 14 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. Business Anthropology by Ann T. Jordan - Second Edition; Pages 109 - 125, Chapter 9. ISBN10: 1-57766-827-8 and ISBN 13: 978-7-57766-827-5

Question 15

What is the best option a company can take to ensure accurate translation of slogans? (ID-BCF-35)

A	Create a brand new slogan when moving into a new region with different language than that of the original.
B	Avoid idioms and other ethno-specific terms.
C	Use back translation where a translated message is translated back into the original language.
D	Use the original language itself and avoid translations all together.
E	Use an independent professional translator.

Question 16

Before the financial crisis, typically in North America which of the following is ranked the highest? (ID-BCF-09)

A	Self respect
B	Excitement
C	Security
D	Being well respected
E	Sense of belonging

Question 17

Which of the following is not part of the pre-purchase process? (ID-BCF-03)

A	Information search
B	Evaluation of alternatives
C	Feedback
D	Problem/need recognition
E	Purchase decision

Question 18

Which of the following statement is true? (ID-BCF-30)

A	You cannot question the superiors in egalitarian cultures.
B	The decision-marking process takes longer in egalitarian cultures than in hierarchical cultures.
C	You are expected to say "I don't know" rather than providing an uninformed or in correct answers to business questions in hierarchical cultures.
D	Hierarchical cultures have mechanisms for redress grievances.
E	In egalitarian cultures, power is concentrated within a very few people.

Question 18 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. The Cultural Dimension of Global Business by G. P. Ferraro and E. K. Briody - Seventh Edition; Pages 38 - 39, Chapter 2. ISBN10: 0-205-83559-7 and ISBN 13: 978-0-205-83559-1

Question 19

The numbers, letters and phrases can be symbols. (ID-BCF-17)

A	False because numbers cannot be symbols.
B	False because letters cannot be symbols.
C	True
D	False because phrases are too explicit hence cannot be symbols.

Question 20

What is Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? (ID-BCF-36)

A	The written language is always more explicit than the spoken language in all 5500+ languages in the world.
B	It state that the language not only used for explicit communication but also linguistic categories limit and determine cognitive categories.
C	Learning a new language can help learn more languages later in life. In other words, once you learn a new language, it is easier to learn several others.
D	Learning a new language is beneficial because it will explain cultural differences of the new environment.
E	Language is dynamic and changes over time.

Question 20 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. The Cultural Dimension of Global Business by G. P. Ferraro and E. K. Briody - Seventh Edition; Pages 113 - 114, Chapter 4. ISBN10: 0-205-83559-7 and ISBN 13: 978-0-205-83559-1

Question 21

Which of the following describe a cultural ritual? (ID-BCF-15)

A	Usually they occur in a fixed sequence and occur periodically.
B	They are almost always a public (non family) event.
C	They are almost always much smaller events than religious rituals.
D	They are not good opportunities for marketing because each and every individual/group may have different views on the same event.
E	They are only observed in the East such as China and Japan.

Question 22

Which of the following is a characteristic of high context cultures? (ID-BCF-12)

A	Logical, linear and highly action-oriented.
B	Less importance on age and experience.
C	Meaning are embedded at many social levels.
D	Straightforwardness
E	Time is highly valued.

Question 23

The physical and emotional discomfort produced when a person moves to a culture different from the place of origin is known as... (ID-BCF-25)

A	culture dystopia.
B	culture shock.
C	cultural disambiguation.
D	cultural disorientation.
E	cultural experience.

Question 24

Why do oral care products contain mint flavor? (ID-BCF-06)

A	Mint is a key active ingredient in oral care products.
B	Due to cultural expectations.
C	Due to its strong scent.
D	Due to its qualities of disinfection.

Question 25

Which of the following is false about myths? (ID-BCF-10)

A	They often contains magical elements.
B	They often contains stories/ideas of two opposing forces (good vs evil, strong vs weak, etc).
C	They are often used as a tool to drive sales and promotions.
D	They are all originated from old legends.
E	They contains symbolic meanings.

Question 25 Explanation:

Not all myths are originated from old legends. They can be newly formed ideas/concepts by marketing companies.

Question 26

Majority of immigrants to Canada before 1960 are ____ . (ID-BCF-20)

A	Asians (Chinese)
B	South Asians
C	Western Europeans
D	Americans
E	Eastern Europeans

Question 27

Which of the following item can be priced relatively higher (larger profit) than the other? (ID-BCF-11)

A	Religious card.
B	A birthday card.
C	Graduation card.
D	Wedding invitation card.
E	A gift card.

Question 27 Explanation:

Generally, the products that are attached to strong religious or cultural views can be sold for a higher price with a larger profit.

Question 28

According to the Means-End Chain Model, which of the following can be considered as value(s)? (ID-BCF-07)
I. Buying a car so you can travel to work everyday.
II. Buying food with low cholesterol.
II. Obtaining a degree because you want a good job.

A	II only
B	III only
C	II and III only
D	I and II
E	I only

Question 28 Explanation:

This is a difficult question. Some of you may think it is an unfair question. However, I think it is a fair question and you should be able to use at least process of elimination to obtain an answer.

Question 29

Which of the following is a physical symptom of culture shock? (ID-BCF-33)

A	Depression
B	Feelings of rejection
C	Insomnia
D	Feelings of incompetence
E	Resentment

Question 30

Which of the following country can be considered as low context culture? (ID-BCF-18)

A	Latin American
B	Arabic
C	Spanish
D	German
E	Japanese

Question 31

When people are adjusting to a new culture, they go through different stages. Which of the following stages are ethnocentric stages? (ID-BCF-19)

A	Defense, Minimization and Integration
B	Denial, Defense and Acceptance
C	Acceptance, Minimization and Integration
D	Denial, Defense and Minimization
E	Acceptance, Adaptation and Integration

Question 32

Canadian culture can be best described with which of the following terms? (ID-BCF-16)

A	Individualism, low power distance and uncertainty avoidance
B	Individualism, high power distance and uncertainty acceptance
C	Feminine, low power distance and uncertainty avoidance
D	Individualism, high power distance and uncertainty avoidance
E	Individualism, low power distance and uncertainty acceptance

Question 33

Which of the following items can be considered as interpersonal orientation values? (ID-BCF-27)
1. Security
2. Excitement
3. Warm relationships with others
4. Self-respect
5. Belonging
6. Being well respected
7. Self-fulfillment
8. Fun and enjoyment
9. Sense of accomplishment

A	7 and 9 only
B	3 and 8 only
C	2 , 4, 7 , 9 only
D	1 , 2 , 5 , 7 only
E	2 and 5 only

Question 34

The term "brand" has the following literal meaning. (ID-BCF-05)

A	To produce goods or provide services.
B	To promote or publicize.
C	To develop a legend.
D	To create or design a product.
E	To burn or stamp something.

Question 35

Proxemics is one of several subcategories of the study of nonverbal communication. It deals with... (ID-BCF-22)

A	touching or physical contact.
B	facial expressions.
C	time symbolism.
D	physical space usage.
E	hand gestures.

Question 36

Which of the following items can be considered as individual values? (ID-BCF-08)
1. Security
2. Excitement
3. Warm relationships with others
4. Self-respect
5. Belonging
6. Being well respected
7. Self-fulfillment
8. Fun and enjoyment
9. Sense of accomplishment

A	1, 2 , 3 , 4 only
B	3 , 5 , 7 , 8 only
C	2 , 4, 7 , 9 only
D	1 , 2 , 5 , 7 only
E	All of the above listed items.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Christopher John Holdsworth during Spring 2015.
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If you get a question wrong, you can still click on the other answers. This will open up hints and explanations (if available), which will provide additional information.

Videos

TED Talk: Rory Sutherland: Life lessons from an Ad man

How smoking became a symbol of the “Emancipated Woman”

Propaganda in America – Meet Edward Bernays

Lexicon Branding (may not play in all browsers)

http://www.lexiconbranding.com/videos/lexicon-branding-movie.html

Cultural Dimension: direct versus indirect communication style

Cultural Dimension: low versus high power distance

High vs Low Uncertainty Avoidance

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qem46KUMIOM

Reaching Across cultures without losing yourself

http://blip.tv/hbrchannel/reaching-across-cultures-without-losing-yourself-6558957

Cultural Diversity in the Workplace

Multi-Cultural Meeting

http://vimeo.com/88245683 or

http://www.trainingabc.com/building-the-multicultural-team/

Sanuja Senanayake

Anthropology 303 Final-University of Calgary

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Standing on the shoulders of giants