Anthropology 303 – Business In Cultural Context

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Question 1

What is a transitional organization? (ID-BCF-29)

A	It is the process of exchanging cultures within an organization.
B	It is a phase a company would go through just before a complete failure.
C	An organization that is composed of multiple business partners from several different countries.
D	It is a phase in which a small business/company slowly changed in to a larger cooperation.
E	An organization that take control of the company during major cultural changes.

Question 1 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. Business Anthropology by Ann T. Jordan - Second Edition; Pages 109 - 125, Chapter 9. ISBN10: 1-57766-827-8 and ISBN 13: 978-7-57766-827-5

Question 2

Researchers have identified several stages of culture shock. What is the third stage of culture shock? (ID-BCF-34)

A	Introduction
B	Transition
C	Adjustment
D	Integration
E	Acceptance

Question 2 Explanation:

Note: There are several culture shock models. Usually the Adjustment to new environment occurs in the third stage in most models.

Question 3

Proxemics is one of several subcategories of the study of nonverbal communication. It deals with... (ID-BCF-22)

A	touching or physical contact.
B	time symbolism.
C	facial expressions.
D	hand gestures.
E	physical space usage.

Question 4

The physical and emotional discomfort produced when a person moves to a culture different from the place of origin is known as... (ID-BCF-25)

A	culture shock.
B	culture dystopia.
C	cultural disambiguation.
D	cultural experience.
E	cultural disorientation.

Question 5

Majority of immigrants to Canada before 1960 are ____ . (ID-BCF-20)

A	Americans
B	Eastern Europeans
C	South Asians
D	Asians (Chinese)
E	Western Europeans

Question 6

The numbers, letters and phrases can be symbols. (ID-BCF-17)

A	False because letters cannot be symbols.
B	True
C	False because phrases are too explicit hence cannot be symbols.
D	False because numbers cannot be symbols.

Question 7

Which of the following is not a benefit of multicultural workforce? (ID-BCF-32)

A	Increased in productivity due to better cooperation.
B	Employees will embrace the cooperate culture.
C	Improved problem solving methods.
D	Lower competition for job opportunities.
E	Retaliation of best available talent.

Question 7 Explanation:

Companies that encourage multicultural business cultures have much higher number of applicant for job opportunities than others. Examples are Google Inc, ImperialOil, etc.

Question 8

Which of the following describe a cultural ritual? (ID-BCF-15)

A	They are not good opportunities for marketing because each and every individual/group may have different views on the same event.
B	They are almost always much smaller events than religious rituals.
C	They are only observed in the East such as China and Japan.
D	They are almost always a public (non family) event.
E	Usually they occur in a fixed sequence and occur periodically.

Question 9

Which of the following is not part of the pre-purchase process? (ID-BCF-03)

A	Information search
B	Feedback
C	Evaluation of alternatives
D	Purchase decision
E	Problem/need recognition

Question 10

Which of the following items can be considered as interpersonal orientation values? (ID-BCF-27)
1. Security
2. Excitement
3. Warm relationships with others
4. Self-respect
5. Belonging
6. Being well respected
7. Self-fulfillment
8. Fun and enjoyment
9. Sense of accomplishment

A	1 , 2 , 5 , 7 only
B	7 and 9 only
C	2 , 4, 7 , 9 only
D	2 and 5 only
E	3 and 8 only

Question 11

Which of the following is a physical symptom of culture shock? (ID-BCF-33)

A	Depression
B	Resentment
C	Insomnia
D	Feelings of incompetence
E	Feelings of rejection

Question 12

How many levels are in the Means-End Chain Model? (ID-BCF-26)

A	Five
B	Three
C	Six
D	Four
E	Two

Question 13

In Canada, the phrase ‘the squeaky wheel gets the oil’, meaning that if you make enough noise you will get attention, suggests an important value in Canadian society is... (ID-BCF-23)

A	Egalitarianism
B	Short- time orientation
C	Low power distance
D	Hierarchy
E	Individualism

Question 14

Which of the following items can be considered as individual values? (ID-BCF-08)
1. Security
2. Excitement
3. Warm relationships with others
4. Self-respect
5. Belonging
6. Being well respected
7. Self-fulfillment
8. Fun and enjoyment
9. Sense of accomplishment

A	3 , 5 , 7 , 8 only
B	1, 2 , 3 , 4 only
C	All of the above listed items.
D	2 , 4, 7 , 9 only
E	1 , 2 , 5 , 7 only

Question 15

Before the financial crisis, typically in North America which of the following is ranked the highest? (ID-BCF-09)

A	Self respect
B	Sense of belonging
C	Excitement
D	Being well respected
E	Security

Question 16

Which is false about marketing? (ID-BCF-04)

A	Marketing is a process that may not always contain specific steps.
B	Modern marketing methods only work in capitalistic economies.
C	Marketing can be used to promote products that people need as well we people want.
D	Marketing plays a vital role in product success.
E	Marketing include the product pricing according the market which the product is placed.

Question 17

Which of the following statement is true? (ID-BCF-30)

A	You are expected to say "I don't know" rather than providing an uninformed or in correct answers to business questions in hierarchical cultures.
B	Hierarchical cultures have mechanisms for redress grievances.
C	In egalitarian cultures, power is concentrated within a very few people.
D	The decision-marking process takes longer in egalitarian cultures than in hierarchical cultures.
E	You cannot question the superiors in egalitarian cultures.

Question 17 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. The Cultural Dimension of Global Business by G. P. Ferraro and E. K. Briody - Seventh Edition; Pages 38 - 39, Chapter 2. ISBN10: 0-205-83559-7 and ISBN 13: 978-0-205-83559-1

Question 18

What is the primary source of non-verbal communication that can observed in every culture? (ID-BCF-24)

A	Body posture
B	Eyes
C	Physically contact
D	Hands
E	Face

Question 19

What is the best option a company can take to ensure accurate translation of slogans? (ID-BCF-35)

A	Use back translation where a translated message is translated back into the original language.
B	Use an independent professional translator.
C	Use the original language itself and avoid translations all together.
D	Avoid idioms and other ethno-specific terms.
E	Create a brand new slogan when moving into a new region with different language than that of the original.

Question 20

Which of the following country can be considered as low context culture? (ID-BCF-18)

A	Arabic
B	Japanese
C	German
D	Latin American
E	Spanish

Question 21

According to the Means-End Chain Model, which of the following can be considered as value(s)? (ID-BCF-07)
I. Buying a car so you can travel to work everyday.
II. Buying food with low cholesterol.
II. Obtaining a degree because you want a good job.

A	I only
B	III only
C	II and III only
D	II only
E	I and II

Question 21 Explanation:

This is a difficult question. Some of you may think it is an unfair question. However, I think it is a fair question and you should be able to use at least process of elimination to obtain an answer.

Question 22

Which of the following is a characteristic of high context cultures? (ID-BCF-12)

A	Time is highly valued.
B	Less importance on age and experience.
C	Straightforwardness
D	Meaning are embedded at many social levels.
E	Logical, linear and highly action-oriented.

Question 23

Which of the following item can be priced relatively higher (larger profit) than the other? (ID-BCF-11)

A	A gift card.
B	Wedding invitation card.
C	Religious card.
D	A birthday card.
E	Graduation card.

Question 23 Explanation:

Generally, the products that are attached to strong religious or cultural views can be sold for a higher price with a larger profit.

Question 24

Parades, elections, trials, and provincial holidays can be best described as ____ rituals. (ID-BCF-14)

A	family
B	religious
C	rites of passage
D	civic
E	personal

Question 25

The opposite extreme of hierarchy is demonstrated by which of the following? (ID-BCF-28)

A	Femininity
B	Strong uncertainty avoidance
C	Small power distance
D	Collectivism
E	Long-time orientation

Question 26

Why do oral care products contain mint flavor? (ID-BCF-06)

A	Due to its qualities of disinfection.
B	Mint is a key active ingredient in oral care products.
C	Due to cultural expectations.
D	Due to its strong scent.

Question 27

What are are 4Ps of marketing mix? (ID-BCF-02)

A	Product, Price, Place and Promotion
B	Product, Pre-purchase, Purchase, Post-purchase
C	Production, Process, Price and Promotion
D	Production, Promotion, Persuasion and Payment
E	Price, Placement, Promote and Persuasion

Question 28

When people are adjusting to a new culture, they go through different stages. Which of the following stages are ethnocentric stages? (ID-BCF-19)

A	Defense, Minimization and Integration
B	Denial, Defense and Acceptance
C	Acceptance, Adaptation and Integration
D	Denial, Defense and Minimization
E	Acceptance, Minimization and Integration

Question 29

When people are adjusting to a new culture, they go through different stages. Which of the following stages are ethnorelative stages? (ID-BCF-21)

A	Denial, Defense and Minimization
B	Denial, Defense and Acceptance
C	Minimization, Acceptance and Adaptation
D	Adaptation, Integration and Acceptance
E	Adaptation, Defense and Minimization

Question 30

Which of the following is false about myths? (ID-BCF-10)

A	They often contains stories/ideas of two opposing forces (good vs evil, strong vs weak, etc).
B	They are often used as a tool to drive sales and promotions.
C	They are all originated from old legends.
D	They often contains magical elements.
E	They contains symbolic meanings.

Question 30 Explanation:

Not all myths are originated from old legends. They can be newly formed ideas/concepts by marketing companies.

Question 31

Which of the following is false about consumer behaviour? (ID-BCF-01)

A	It is driven by wants and not by needs of individuals. Hint: Both needs and wants drives the behaviour.
B	People tend to spend more time researching a product if the cost of the product is higher.
C	Information search is done in the per-purchase phase.
D	It is a logical process.
E	It can be influenced by external forces/factors.

Question 32

What is the most fundamental principle behind a myth? (ID-BCF-13)

A	Myths must have a religious or spiritual connotation.
B	Myths draw concepts from ancient civilizations such as Roman and Greek.
C	All myths are original and remain unchanged over time.
D	Myths must state the underlying principle explicitly.
E	Storyline contain two opposing forces that are symbolic.

Question 33

Canadian culture can be best described with which of the following terms? (ID-BCF-16)

A	Individualism, high power distance and uncertainty acceptance
B	Individualism, low power distance and uncertainty acceptance
C	Individualism, high power distance and uncertainty avoidance
D	Feminine, low power distance and uncertainty avoidance
E	Individualism, low power distance and uncertainty avoidance

Question 34

Which of the following is true about non-verbal communication? (ID-BCF-31)

A	Proxemics deals with the variation of facial expressions.
B	Majority, if not all, non-verbal communication gestures are universal in the Western world.
C	In many cultures, often non-verbal communication is used to signal differences in status.
D	The most explicit information is gathered through non-verbal communication.
E	Non-verbal communication is a type of stand along communication method.

Question 35

What is Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? (ID-BCF-36)

A	Learning a new language is beneficial because it will explain cultural differences of the new environment.
B	It state that the language not only used for explicit communication but also linguistic categories limit and determine cognitive categories.
C	The written language is always more explicit than the spoken language in all 5500+ languages in the world.
D	Learning a new language can help learn more languages later in life. In other words, once you learn a new language, it is easier to learn several others.
E	Language is dynamic and changes over time.

Question 35 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. The Cultural Dimension of Global Business by G. P. Ferraro and E. K. Briody - Seventh Edition; Pages 113 - 114, Chapter 4. ISBN10: 0-205-83559-7 and ISBN 13: 978-0-205-83559-1

Question 36

The term "brand" has the following literal meaning. (ID-BCF-05)

A	To promote or publicize.
B	To create or design a product.
C	To produce goods or provide services.
D	To develop a legend.
E	To burn or stamp something.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Christopher John Holdsworth during Spring 2015.
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If you get a question wrong, you can still click on the other answers. This will open up hints and explanations (if available), which will provide additional information.

Videos

TED Talk: Rory Sutherland: Life lessons from an Ad man

How smoking became a symbol of the “Emancipated Woman”

Propaganda in America – Meet Edward Bernays

Lexicon Branding (may not play in all browsers)

http://www.lexiconbranding.com/videos/lexicon-branding-movie.html

Cultural Dimension: direct versus indirect communication style

Cultural Dimension: low versus high power distance

High vs Low Uncertainty Avoidance

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qem46KUMIOM

Reaching Across cultures without losing yourself

http://blip.tv/hbrchannel/reaching-across-cultures-without-losing-yourself-6558957

Cultural Diversity in the Workplace

Multi-Cultural Meeting

http://vimeo.com/88245683 or

http://www.trainingabc.com/building-the-multicultural-team/

Sanuja Senanayake

Anthropology 303 Final-University of Calgary

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Standing on the shoulders of giants