Anthropology 303 – Business In Cultural Context

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Question 1

What is a transitional organization? (ID-BCF-29)

A	It is a phase in which a small business/company slowly changed in to a larger cooperation.
B	An organization that take control of the company during major cultural changes.
C	An organization that is composed of multiple business partners from several different countries.
D	It is a phase a company would go through just before a complete failure.
E	It is the process of exchanging cultures within an organization.

Question 1 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. Business Anthropology by Ann T. Jordan - Second Edition; Pages 109 - 125, Chapter 9. ISBN10: 1-57766-827-8 and ISBN 13: 978-7-57766-827-5

Question 2

Which of the following is true about non-verbal communication? (ID-BCF-31)

A	Majority, if not all, non-verbal communication gestures are universal in the Western world.
B	In many cultures, often non-verbal communication is used to signal differences in status.
C	Proxemics deals with the variation of facial expressions.
D	Non-verbal communication is a type of stand along communication method.
E	The most explicit information is gathered through non-verbal communication.

Question 3

According to the Means-End Chain Model, which of the following can be considered as value(s)? (ID-BCF-07)
I. Buying a car so you can travel to work everyday.
II. Buying food with low cholesterol.
II. Obtaining a degree because you want a good job.

A	I only
B	III only
C	I and II
D	II only
E	II and III only

Question 3 Explanation:

This is a difficult question. Some of you may think it is an unfair question. However, I think it is a fair question and you should be able to use at least process of elimination to obtain an answer.

Question 4

Which is false about marketing? (ID-BCF-04)

A	Modern marketing methods only work in capitalistic economies.
B	Marketing can be used to promote products that people need as well we people want.
C	Marketing include the product pricing according the market which the product is placed.
D	Marketing plays a vital role in product success.
E	Marketing is a process that may not always contain specific steps.

Question 5

Which of the following is false about myths? (ID-BCF-10)

A	They contains symbolic meanings.
B	They are all originated from old legends.
C	They often contains stories/ideas of two opposing forces (good vs evil, strong vs weak, etc).
D	They are often used as a tool to drive sales and promotions.
E	They often contains magical elements.

Question 5 Explanation:

Not all myths are originated from old legends. They can be newly formed ideas/concepts by marketing companies.

Question 6

What is Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? (ID-BCF-36)

A	Learning a new language can help learn more languages later in life. In other words, once you learn a new language, it is easier to learn several others.
B	Learning a new language is beneficial because it will explain cultural differences of the new environment.
C	Language is dynamic and changes over time.
D	The written language is always more explicit than the spoken language in all 5500+ languages in the world.
E	It state that the language not only used for explicit communication but also linguistic categories limit and determine cognitive categories.

Question 6 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. The Cultural Dimension of Global Business by G. P. Ferraro and E. K. Briody - Seventh Edition; Pages 113 - 114, Chapter 4. ISBN10: 0-205-83559-7 and ISBN 13: 978-0-205-83559-1

Question 7

Before the financial crisis, typically in North America which of the following is ranked the highest? (ID-BCF-09)

A	Self respect
B	Excitement
C	Sense of belonging
D	Being well respected
E	Security

Question 8

Researchers have identified several stages of culture shock. What is the third stage of culture shock? (ID-BCF-34)

A	Integration
B	Introduction
C	Transition
D	Acceptance
E	Adjustment

Question 8 Explanation:

Note: There are several culture shock models. Usually the Adjustment to new environment occurs in the third stage in most models.

Question 9

Proxemics is one of several subcategories of the study of nonverbal communication. It deals with... (ID-BCF-22)

A	physical space usage.
B	touching or physical contact.
C	time symbolism.
D	facial expressions.
E	hand gestures.

Question 10

Which of the following is not part of the pre-purchase process? (ID-BCF-03)

A	Feedback
B	Information search
C	Purchase decision
D	Problem/need recognition
E	Evaluation of alternatives

Question 11

Which of the following describe a cultural ritual? (ID-BCF-15)

A	They are not good opportunities for marketing because each and every individual/group may have different views on the same event.
B	Usually they occur in a fixed sequence and occur periodically.
C	They are only observed in the East such as China and Japan.
D	They are almost always much smaller events than religious rituals.
E	They are almost always a public (non family) event.

Question 12

What is the best option a company can take to ensure accurate translation of slogans? (ID-BCF-35)

A	Use an independent professional translator.
B	Use the original language itself and avoid translations all together.
C	Avoid idioms and other ethno-specific terms.
D	Create a brand new slogan when moving into a new region with different language than that of the original.
E	Use back translation where a translated message is translated back into the original language.

Question 13

Parades, elections, trials, and provincial holidays can be best described as ____ rituals. (ID-BCF-14)

A	religious
B	civic
C	personal
D	family
E	rites of passage

Question 14

Which of the following country can be considered as low context culture? (ID-BCF-18)

A	Arabic
B	Japanese
C	German
D	Spanish
E	Latin American

Question 15

Majority of immigrants to Canada before 1960 are ____ . (ID-BCF-20)

A	Eastern Europeans
B	Asians (Chinese)
C	Western Europeans
D	Americans
E	South Asians

Question 16

What is the primary source of non-verbal communication that can observed in every culture? (ID-BCF-24)

A	Hands
B	Face
C	Body posture
D	Eyes
E	Physically contact

Question 17

When people are adjusting to a new culture, they go through different stages. Which of the following stages are ethnorelative stages? (ID-BCF-21)

A	Denial, Defense and Acceptance
B	Minimization, Acceptance and Adaptation
C	Adaptation, Integration and Acceptance
D	Denial, Defense and Minimization
E	Adaptation, Defense and Minimization

Question 18

The numbers, letters and phrases can be symbols. (ID-BCF-17)

A	False because phrases are too explicit hence cannot be symbols.
B	False because letters cannot be symbols.
C	True
D	False because numbers cannot be symbols.

Question 19

When people are adjusting to a new culture, they go through different stages. Which of the following stages are ethnocentric stages? (ID-BCF-19)

A	Denial, Defense and Acceptance
B	Acceptance, Adaptation and Integration
C	Acceptance, Minimization and Integration
D	Denial, Defense and Minimization
E	Defense, Minimization and Integration

Question 20

Why do oral care products contain mint flavor? (ID-BCF-06)

A	Mint is a key active ingredient in oral care products.
B	Due to cultural expectations.
C	Due to its qualities of disinfection.
D	Due to its strong scent.

Question 21

The term "brand" has the following literal meaning. (ID-BCF-05)

A	To burn or stamp something.
B	To develop a legend.
C	To promote or publicize.
D	To create or design a product.
E	To produce goods or provide services.

Question 22

Which of the following is a characteristic of high context cultures? (ID-BCF-12)

A	Less importance on age and experience.
B	Meaning are embedded at many social levels.
C	Time is highly valued.
D	Straightforwardness
E	Logical, linear and highly action-oriented.

Question 23

Which of the following items can be considered as individual values? (ID-BCF-08)
1. Security
2. Excitement
3. Warm relationships with others
4. Self-respect
5. Belonging
6. Being well respected
7. Self-fulfillment
8. Fun and enjoyment
9. Sense of accomplishment

A	All of the above listed items.
B	2 , 4, 7 , 9 only
C	1 , 2 , 5 , 7 only
D	1, 2 , 3 , 4 only
E	3 , 5 , 7 , 8 only

Question 24

The opposite extreme of hierarchy is demonstrated by which of the following? (ID-BCF-28)

A	Long-time orientation
B	Strong uncertainty avoidance
C	Collectivism
D	Small power distance
E	Femininity

Question 25

Canadian culture can be best described with which of the following terms? (ID-BCF-16)

A	Individualism, high power distance and uncertainty acceptance
B	Individualism, low power distance and uncertainty acceptance
C	Feminine, low power distance and uncertainty avoidance
D	Individualism, low power distance and uncertainty avoidance
E	Individualism, high power distance and uncertainty avoidance

Question 26

Which of the following item can be priced relatively higher (larger profit) than the other? (ID-BCF-11)

A	Religious card.
B	Graduation card.
C	Wedding invitation card.
D	A gift card.
E	A birthday card.

Question 26 Explanation:

Generally, the products that are attached to strong religious or cultural views can be sold for a higher price with a larger profit.

Question 27

What are are 4Ps of marketing mix? (ID-BCF-02)

A	Product, Pre-purchase, Purchase, Post-purchase
B	Product, Price, Place and Promotion
C	Production, Promotion, Persuasion and Payment
D	Production, Process, Price and Promotion
E	Price, Placement, Promote and Persuasion

Question 28

Which of the following statement is true? (ID-BCF-30)

A	In egalitarian cultures, power is concentrated within a very few people.
B	The decision-marking process takes longer in egalitarian cultures than in hierarchical cultures.
C	You cannot question the superiors in egalitarian cultures.
D	You are expected to say "I don't know" rather than providing an uninformed or in correct answers to business questions in hierarchical cultures.
E	Hierarchical cultures have mechanisms for redress grievances.

Question 28 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. The Cultural Dimension of Global Business by G. P. Ferraro and E. K. Briody - Seventh Edition; Pages 38 - 39, Chapter 2. ISBN10: 0-205-83559-7 and ISBN 13: 978-0-205-83559-1

Question 29

Which of the following is not a benefit of multicultural workforce? (ID-BCF-32)

A	Improved problem solving methods.
B	Retaliation of best available talent.
C	Increased in productivity due to better cooperation.
D	Lower competition for job opportunities.
E	Employees will embrace the cooperate culture.

Question 29 Explanation:

Companies that encourage multicultural business cultures have much higher number of applicant for job opportunities than others. Examples are Google Inc, ImperialOil, etc.

Question 30

What is the most fundamental principle behind a myth? (ID-BCF-13)

A	Myths must state the underlying principle explicitly.
B	Myths draw concepts from ancient civilizations such as Roman and Greek.
C	Myths must have a religious or spiritual connotation.
D	All myths are original and remain unchanged over time.
E	Storyline contain two opposing forces that are symbolic.

Question 31

In Canada, the phrase ‘the squeaky wheel gets the oil’, meaning that if you make enough noise you will get attention, suggests an important value in Canadian society is... (ID-BCF-23)

A	Hierarchy
B	Short- time orientation
C	Individualism
D	Low power distance
E	Egalitarianism

Question 32

The physical and emotional discomfort produced when a person moves to a culture different from the place of origin is known as... (ID-BCF-25)

A	cultural disambiguation.
B	culture dystopia.
C	cultural disorientation.
D	culture shock.
E	cultural experience.

Question 33

Which of the following items can be considered as interpersonal orientation values? (ID-BCF-27)
1. Security
2. Excitement
3. Warm relationships with others
4. Self-respect
5. Belonging
6. Being well respected
7. Self-fulfillment
8. Fun and enjoyment
9. Sense of accomplishment

A	3 and 8 only
B	2 and 5 only
C	1 , 2 , 5 , 7 only
D	7 and 9 only
E	2 , 4, 7 , 9 only

Question 34

Which of the following is false about consumer behaviour? (ID-BCF-01)

A	People tend to spend more time researching a product if the cost of the product is higher.
B	It is a logical process.
C	It is driven by wants and not by needs of individuals. Hint: Both needs and wants drives the behaviour.
D	It can be influenced by external forces/factors.
E	Information search is done in the per-purchase phase.

Question 35

How many levels are in the Means-End Chain Model? (ID-BCF-26)

A	Six
B	Three
C	Five
D	Two
E	Four

Question 36

Which of the following is a physical symptom of culture shock? (ID-BCF-33)

A	Feelings of incompetence
B	Insomnia
C	Resentment
D	Feelings of rejection
E	Depression

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Christopher John Holdsworth during Spring 2015.
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If you get a question wrong, you can still click on the other answers. This will open up hints and explanations (if available), which will provide additional information.

Videos

TED Talk: Rory Sutherland: Life lessons from an Ad man

How smoking became a symbol of the “Emancipated Woman”

Propaganda in America – Meet Edward Bernays

Lexicon Branding (may not play in all browsers)

http://www.lexiconbranding.com/videos/lexicon-branding-movie.html

Cultural Dimension: direct versus indirect communication style

Cultural Dimension: low versus high power distance

High vs Low Uncertainty Avoidance

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qem46KUMIOM

Reaching Across cultures without losing yourself

http://blip.tv/hbrchannel/reaching-across-cultures-without-losing-yourself-6558957

Cultural Diversity in the Workplace

Multi-Cultural Meeting

http://vimeo.com/88245683 or

http://www.trainingabc.com/building-the-multicultural-team/

Sanuja Senanayake

Anthropology 303 Final-University of Calgary

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Standing on the shoulders of giants

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Standing on the shoulders of giants