Anthropology 303 – Business In Cultural Context

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Question 1

When people are adjusting to a new culture, they go through different stages. Which of the following stages are ethnorelative stages? (ID-BCF-21)

A	Adaptation, Integration and Acceptance
B	Denial, Defense and Acceptance
C	Denial, Defense and Minimization
D	Adaptation, Defense and Minimization
E	Minimization, Acceptance and Adaptation

Question 2

Proxemics is one of several subcategories of the study of nonverbal communication. It deals with... (ID-BCF-22)

A	touching or physical contact.
B	physical space usage.
C	hand gestures.
D	time symbolism.
E	facial expressions.

Question 3

Canadian culture can be best described with which of the following terms? (ID-BCF-16)

A	Individualism, low power distance and uncertainty acceptance
B	Individualism, high power distance and uncertainty avoidance
C	Individualism, low power distance and uncertainty avoidance
D	Feminine, low power distance and uncertainty avoidance
E	Individualism, high power distance and uncertainty acceptance

Question 4

In Canada, the phrase ‘the squeaky wheel gets the oil’, meaning that if you make enough noise you will get attention, suggests an important value in Canadian society is... (ID-BCF-23)

A	Egalitarianism
B	Individualism
C	Hierarchy
D	Low power distance
E	Short- time orientation

Question 5

The opposite extreme of hierarchy is demonstrated by which of the following? (ID-BCF-28)

A	Small power distance
B	Long-time orientation
C	Femininity
D	Collectivism
E	Strong uncertainty avoidance

Question 6

Which of the following is not a benefit of multicultural workforce? (ID-BCF-32)

A	Employees will embrace the cooperate culture.
B	Improved problem solving methods.
C	Lower competition for job opportunities.
D	Increased in productivity due to better cooperation.
E	Retaliation of best available talent.

Question 6 Explanation:

Companies that encourage multicultural business cultures have much higher number of applicant for job opportunities than others. Examples are Google Inc, ImperialOil, etc.

Question 7

What is the primary source of non-verbal communication that can observed in every culture? (ID-BCF-24)

A	Physically contact
B	Face
C	Hands
D	Eyes
E	Body posture

Question 8

Which of the following describe a cultural ritual? (ID-BCF-15)

A	They are not good opportunities for marketing because each and every individual/group may have different views on the same event.
B	Usually they occur in a fixed sequence and occur periodically.
C	They are almost always a public (non family) event.
D	They are almost always much smaller events than religious rituals.
E	They are only observed in the East such as China and Japan.

Question 9

Which of the following is false about myths? (ID-BCF-10)

A	They contains symbolic meanings.
B	They are all originated from old legends.
C	They often contains stories/ideas of two opposing forces (good vs evil, strong vs weak, etc).
D	They are often used as a tool to drive sales and promotions.
E	They often contains magical elements.

Question 9 Explanation:

Not all myths are originated from old legends. They can be newly formed ideas/concepts by marketing companies.

Question 10

Which of the following is not part of the pre-purchase process? (ID-BCF-03)

A	Purchase decision
B	Problem/need recognition
C	Feedback
D	Information search
E	Evaluation of alternatives

Question 11

Which of the following is true about non-verbal communication? (ID-BCF-31)

A	In many cultures, often non-verbal communication is used to signal differences in status.
B	Proxemics deals with the variation of facial expressions.
C	Majority, if not all, non-verbal communication gestures are universal in the Western world.
D	Non-verbal communication is a type of stand along communication method.
E	The most explicit information is gathered through non-verbal communication.

Question 12

What are are 4Ps of marketing mix? (ID-BCF-02)

A	Price, Placement, Promote and Persuasion
B	Production, Promotion, Persuasion and Payment
C	Product, Pre-purchase, Purchase, Post-purchase
D	Production, Process, Price and Promotion
E	Product, Price, Place and Promotion

Question 13

Which is false about marketing? (ID-BCF-04)

A	Marketing is a process that may not always contain specific steps.
B	Marketing plays a vital role in product success.
C	Marketing include the product pricing according the market which the product is placed.
D	Modern marketing methods only work in capitalistic economies.
E	Marketing can be used to promote products that people need as well we people want.

Question 14

Parades, elections, trials, and provincial holidays can be best described as ____ rituals. (ID-BCF-14)

A	rites of passage
B	personal
C	civic
D	family
E	religious

Question 15

According to the Means-End Chain Model, which of the following can be considered as value(s)? (ID-BCF-07)
I. Buying a car so you can travel to work everyday.
II. Buying food with low cholesterol.
II. Obtaining a degree because you want a good job.

A	I only
B	I and II
C	II only
D	II and III only
E	III only

Question 15 Explanation:

This is a difficult question. Some of you may think it is an unfair question. However, I think it is a fair question and you should be able to use at least process of elimination to obtain an answer.

Question 16

Which of the following statement is true? (ID-BCF-30)

A	In egalitarian cultures, power is concentrated within a very few people.
B	You cannot question the superiors in egalitarian cultures.
C	You are expected to say "I don't know" rather than providing an uninformed or in correct answers to business questions in hierarchical cultures.
D	The decision-marking process takes longer in egalitarian cultures than in hierarchical cultures.
E	Hierarchical cultures have mechanisms for redress grievances.

Question 16 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. The Cultural Dimension of Global Business by G. P. Ferraro and E. K. Briody - Seventh Edition; Pages 38 - 39, Chapter 2. ISBN10: 0-205-83559-7 and ISBN 13: 978-0-205-83559-1

Question 17

Which of the following items can be considered as individual values? (ID-BCF-08)
1. Security
2. Excitement
3. Warm relationships with others
4. Self-respect
5. Belonging
6. Being well respected
7. Self-fulfillment
8. Fun and enjoyment
9. Sense of accomplishment

A	2 , 4, 7 , 9 only
B	All of the above listed items.
C	1, 2 , 3 , 4 only
D	3 , 5 , 7 , 8 only
E	1 , 2 , 5 , 7 only

Question 18

Which of the following item can be priced relatively higher (larger profit) than the other? (ID-BCF-11)

A	Religious card.
B	Wedding invitation card.
C	A birthday card.
D	Graduation card.
E	A gift card.

Question 18 Explanation:

Generally, the products that are attached to strong religious or cultural views can be sold for a higher price with a larger profit.

Question 19

Which of the following country can be considered as low context culture? (ID-BCF-18)

A	Spanish
B	Japanese
C	Latin American
D	German
E	Arabic

Question 20

The numbers, letters and phrases can be symbols. (ID-BCF-17)

A	False because phrases are too explicit hence cannot be symbols.
B	False because numbers cannot be symbols.
C	False because letters cannot be symbols.
D	True

Question 21

Which of the following items can be considered as interpersonal orientation values? (ID-BCF-27)
1. Security
2. Excitement
3. Warm relationships with others
4. Self-respect
5. Belonging
6. Being well respected
7. Self-fulfillment
8. Fun and enjoyment
9. Sense of accomplishment

A	2 and 5 only
B	7 and 9 only
C	3 and 8 only
D	2 , 4, 7 , 9 only
E	1 , 2 , 5 , 7 only

Question 22

Researchers have identified several stages of culture shock. What is the third stage of culture shock? (ID-BCF-34)

A	Acceptance
B	Integration
C	Introduction
D	Transition
E	Adjustment

Question 22 Explanation:

Note: There are several culture shock models. Usually the Adjustment to new environment occurs in the third stage in most models.

Question 23

Which of the following is a characteristic of high context cultures? (ID-BCF-12)

A	Time is highly valued.
B	Straightforwardness
C	Less importance on age and experience.
D	Logical, linear and highly action-oriented.
E	Meaning are embedded at many social levels.

Question 24

What is Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? (ID-BCF-36)

A	The written language is always more explicit than the spoken language in all 5500+ languages in the world.
B	Learning a new language can help learn more languages later in life. In other words, once you learn a new language, it is easier to learn several others.
C	It state that the language not only used for explicit communication but also linguistic categories limit and determine cognitive categories.
D	Language is dynamic and changes over time.
E	Learning a new language is beneficial because it will explain cultural differences of the new environment.

Question 24 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. The Cultural Dimension of Global Business by G. P. Ferraro and E. K. Briody - Seventh Edition; Pages 113 - 114, Chapter 4. ISBN10: 0-205-83559-7 and ISBN 13: 978-0-205-83559-1

Question 25

Majority of immigrants to Canada before 1960 are ____ . (ID-BCF-20)

A	Americans
B	Asians (Chinese)
C	South Asians
D	Eastern Europeans
E	Western Europeans

Question 26

What is the best option a company can take to ensure accurate translation of slogans? (ID-BCF-35)

A	Use the original language itself and avoid translations all together.
B	Create a brand new slogan when moving into a new region with different language than that of the original.
C	Use back translation where a translated message is translated back into the original language.
D	Use an independent professional translator.
E	Avoid idioms and other ethno-specific terms.

Question 27

Which of the following is false about consumer behaviour? (ID-BCF-01)

A	It can be influenced by external forces/factors.
B	Information search is done in the per-purchase phase.
C	It is a logical process.
D	People tend to spend more time researching a product if the cost of the product is higher.
E	It is driven by wants and not by needs of individuals. Hint: Both needs and wants drives the behaviour.

Question 28

Which of the following is a physical symptom of culture shock? (ID-BCF-33)

A	Resentment
B	Insomnia
C	Feelings of incompetence
D	Depression
E	Feelings of rejection

Question 29

When people are adjusting to a new culture, they go through different stages. Which of the following stages are ethnocentric stages? (ID-BCF-19)

A	Defense, Minimization and Integration
B	Acceptance, Minimization and Integration
C	Denial, Defense and Acceptance
D	Denial, Defense and Minimization
E	Acceptance, Adaptation and Integration

Question 30

How many levels are in the Means-End Chain Model? (ID-BCF-26)

A	Three
B	Two
C	Six
D	Four
E	Five

Question 31

What is the most fundamental principle behind a myth? (ID-BCF-13)

A	All myths are original and remain unchanged over time.
B	Myths draw concepts from ancient civilizations such as Roman and Greek.
C	Myths must state the underlying principle explicitly.
D	Storyline contain two opposing forces that are symbolic.
E	Myths must have a religious or spiritual connotation.

Question 32

Why do oral care products contain mint flavor? (ID-BCF-06)

A	Due to its strong scent.
B	Mint is a key active ingredient in oral care products.
C	Due to cultural expectations.
D	Due to its qualities of disinfection.

Question 33

The physical and emotional discomfort produced when a person moves to a culture different from the place of origin is known as... (ID-BCF-25)

A	cultural experience.
B	cultural disorientation.
C	cultural disambiguation.
D	culture dystopia.
E	culture shock.

Question 34

Before the financial crisis, typically in North America which of the following is ranked the highest? (ID-BCF-09)

A	Security
B	Sense of belonging
C	Excitement
D	Being well respected
E	Self respect

Question 35

What is a transitional organization? (ID-BCF-29)

A	An organization that take control of the company during major cultural changes.
B	It is a phase in which a small business/company slowly changed in to a larger cooperation.
C	It is a phase a company would go through just before a complete failure.
D	It is the process of exchanging cultures within an organization.
E	An organization that is composed of multiple business partners from several different countries.

Question 35 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. Business Anthropology by Ann T. Jordan - Second Edition; Pages 109 - 125, Chapter 9. ISBN10: 1-57766-827-8 and ISBN 13: 978-7-57766-827-5

Question 36

The term "brand" has the following literal meaning. (ID-BCF-05)

A	To produce goods or provide services.
B	To create or design a product.
C	To promote or publicize.
D	To burn or stamp something.
E	To develop a legend.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Christopher John Holdsworth during Spring 2015.
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If you get a question wrong, you can still click on the other answers. This will open up hints and explanations (if available), which will provide additional information.

Videos

TED Talk: Rory Sutherland: Life lessons from an Ad man

How smoking became a symbol of the “Emancipated Woman”

Propaganda in America – Meet Edward Bernays

Lexicon Branding (may not play in all browsers)

http://www.lexiconbranding.com/videos/lexicon-branding-movie.html

Cultural Dimension: direct versus indirect communication style

Cultural Dimension: low versus high power distance

High vs Low Uncertainty Avoidance

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qem46KUMIOM

Reaching Across cultures without losing yourself

http://blip.tv/hbrchannel/reaching-across-cultures-without-losing-yourself-6558957

Cultural Diversity in the Workplace

Multi-Cultural Meeting

http://vimeo.com/88245683 or

http://www.trainingabc.com/building-the-multicultural-team/

Sanuja Senanayake

Anthropology 303 Final-University of Calgary

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Standing on the shoulders of giants

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Standing on the shoulders of giants