Anthropology 303 – Business In Cultural Context

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Question 1

According to the Means-End Chain Model, which of the following can be considered as value(s)? (ID-BCF-07)
I. Buying a car so you can travel to work everyday.
II. Buying food with low cholesterol.
II. Obtaining a degree because you want a good job.

A	I only
B	III only
C	II and III only
D	I and II
E	II only

Question 1 Explanation:

This is a difficult question. Some of you may think it is an unfair question. However, I think it is a fair question and you should be able to use at least process of elimination to obtain an answer.

Question 2

Why do oral care products contain mint flavor? (ID-BCF-06)

A	Mint is a key active ingredient in oral care products.
B	Due to its qualities of disinfection.
C	Due to its strong scent.
D	Due to cultural expectations.

Question 3

Majority of immigrants to Canada before 1960 are ____ . (ID-BCF-20)

A	Western Europeans
B	Asians (Chinese)
C	South Asians
D	Eastern Europeans
E	Americans

Question 4

What is a transitional organization? (ID-BCF-29)

A	It is a phase in which a small business/company slowly changed in to a larger cooperation.
B	It is the process of exchanging cultures within an organization.
C	An organization that is composed of multiple business partners from several different countries.
D	An organization that take control of the company during major cultural changes.
E	It is a phase a company would go through just before a complete failure.

Question 4 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. Business Anthropology by Ann T. Jordan - Second Edition; Pages 109 - 125, Chapter 9. ISBN10: 1-57766-827-8 and ISBN 13: 978-7-57766-827-5

Question 5

When people are adjusting to a new culture, they go through different stages. Which of the following stages are ethnorelative stages? (ID-BCF-21)

A	Adaptation, Defense and Minimization
B	Minimization, Acceptance and Adaptation
C	Denial, Defense and Minimization
D	Adaptation, Integration and Acceptance
E	Denial, Defense and Acceptance

Question 6

What is the primary source of non-verbal communication that can observed in every culture? (ID-BCF-24)

A	Body posture
B	Eyes
C	Hands
D	Face
E	Physically contact

Question 7

What is the most fundamental principle behind a myth? (ID-BCF-13)

A	Myths draw concepts from ancient civilizations such as Roman and Greek.
B	Myths must state the underlying principle explicitly.
C	All myths are original and remain unchanged over time.
D	Storyline contain two opposing forces that are symbolic.
E	Myths must have a religious or spiritual connotation.

Question 8

What are are 4Ps of marketing mix? (ID-BCF-02)

A	Price, Placement, Promote and Persuasion
B	Product, Price, Place and Promotion
C	Product, Pre-purchase, Purchase, Post-purchase
D	Production, Process, Price and Promotion
E	Production, Promotion, Persuasion and Payment

Question 9

Which of the following is a physical symptom of culture shock? (ID-BCF-33)

A	Feelings of rejection
B	Feelings of incompetence
C	Depression
D	Insomnia
E	Resentment

Question 10

The opposite extreme of hierarchy is demonstrated by which of the following? (ID-BCF-28)

A	Long-time orientation
B	Femininity
C	Collectivism
D	Strong uncertainty avoidance
E	Small power distance

Question 11

Proxemics is one of several subcategories of the study of nonverbal communication. It deals with... (ID-BCF-22)

A	physical space usage.
B	hand gestures.
C	time symbolism.
D	facial expressions.
E	touching or physical contact.

Question 12

Which of the following country can be considered as low context culture? (ID-BCF-18)

A	Spanish
B	Arabic
C	Latin American
D	German
E	Japanese

Question 13

The physical and emotional discomfort produced when a person moves to a culture different from the place of origin is known as... (ID-BCF-25)

A	cultural experience.
B	culture dystopia.
C	culture shock.
D	cultural disorientation.
E	cultural disambiguation.

Question 14

When people are adjusting to a new culture, they go through different stages. Which of the following stages are ethnocentric stages? (ID-BCF-19)

A	Acceptance, Adaptation and Integration
B	Acceptance, Minimization and Integration
C	Denial, Defense and Acceptance
D	Denial, Defense and Minimization
E	Defense, Minimization and Integration

Question 15

In Canada, the phrase ‘the squeaky wheel gets the oil’, meaning that if you make enough noise you will get attention, suggests an important value in Canadian society is... (ID-BCF-23)

A	Egalitarianism
B	Short- time orientation
C	Individualism
D	Low power distance
E	Hierarchy

Question 16

Which of the following is false about myths? (ID-BCF-10)

A	They contains symbolic meanings.
B	They often contains magical elements.
C	They are all originated from old legends.
D	They are often used as a tool to drive sales and promotions.
E	They often contains stories/ideas of two opposing forces (good vs evil, strong vs weak, etc).

Question 16 Explanation:

Not all myths are originated from old legends. They can be newly formed ideas/concepts by marketing companies.

Question 17

How many levels are in the Means-End Chain Model? (ID-BCF-26)

A	Five
B	Four
C	Six
D	Two
E	Three

Question 18

Which of the following is false about consumer behaviour? (ID-BCF-01)

A	It can be influenced by external forces/factors.
B	People tend to spend more time researching a product if the cost of the product is higher.
C	Information search is done in the per-purchase phase.
D	It is a logical process.
E	It is driven by wants and not by needs of individuals. Hint: Both needs and wants drives the behaviour.

Question 19

Which of the following statement is true? (ID-BCF-30)

A	You cannot question the superiors in egalitarian cultures.
B	Hierarchical cultures have mechanisms for redress grievances.
C	In egalitarian cultures, power is concentrated within a very few people.
D	The decision-marking process takes longer in egalitarian cultures than in hierarchical cultures.
E	You are expected to say "I don't know" rather than providing an uninformed or in correct answers to business questions in hierarchical cultures.

Question 19 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. The Cultural Dimension of Global Business by G. P. Ferraro and E. K. Briody - Seventh Edition; Pages 38 - 39, Chapter 2. ISBN10: 0-205-83559-7 and ISBN 13: 978-0-205-83559-1

Question 20

Researchers have identified several stages of culture shock. What is the third stage of culture shock? (ID-BCF-34)

A	Acceptance
B	Transition
C	Adjustment
D	Introduction
E	Integration

Question 20 Explanation:

Note: There are several culture shock models. Usually the Adjustment to new environment occurs in the third stage in most models.

Question 21

The term "brand" has the following literal meaning. (ID-BCF-05)

A	To burn or stamp something.
B	To produce goods or provide services.
C	To create or design a product.
D	To develop a legend.
E	To promote or publicize.

Question 22

What is Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? (ID-BCF-36)

A	Learning a new language is beneficial because it will explain cultural differences of the new environment.
B	It state that the language not only used for explicit communication but also linguistic categories limit and determine cognitive categories.
C	The written language is always more explicit than the spoken language in all 5500+ languages in the world.
D	Learning a new language can help learn more languages later in life. In other words, once you learn a new language, it is easier to learn several others.
E	Language is dynamic and changes over time.

Question 22 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. The Cultural Dimension of Global Business by G. P. Ferraro and E. K. Briody - Seventh Edition; Pages 113 - 114, Chapter 4. ISBN10: 0-205-83559-7 and ISBN 13: 978-0-205-83559-1

Question 23

What is the best option a company can take to ensure accurate translation of slogans? (ID-BCF-35)

A	Use the original language itself and avoid translations all together.
B	Avoid idioms and other ethno-specific terms.
C	Use back translation where a translated message is translated back into the original language.
D	Create a brand new slogan when moving into a new region with different language than that of the original.
E	Use an independent professional translator.

Question 24

The numbers, letters and phrases can be symbols. (ID-BCF-17)

A	False because numbers cannot be symbols.
B	False because phrases are too explicit hence cannot be symbols.
C	True
D	False because letters cannot be symbols.

Question 25

Which of the following is not a benefit of multicultural workforce? (ID-BCF-32)

A	Improved problem solving methods.
B	Increased in productivity due to better cooperation.
C	Employees will embrace the cooperate culture.
D	Lower competition for job opportunities.
E	Retaliation of best available talent.

Question 25 Explanation:

Companies that encourage multicultural business cultures have much higher number of applicant for job opportunities than others. Examples are Google Inc, ImperialOil, etc.

Question 26

Which of the following items can be considered as interpersonal orientation values? (ID-BCF-27)
1. Security
2. Excitement
3. Warm relationships with others
4. Self-respect
5. Belonging
6. Being well respected
7. Self-fulfillment
8. Fun and enjoyment
9. Sense of accomplishment

A	2 and 5 only
B	3 and 8 only
C	1 , 2 , 5 , 7 only
D	7 and 9 only
E	2 , 4, 7 , 9 only

Question 27

Which is false about marketing? (ID-BCF-04)

A	Marketing plays a vital role in product success.
B	Marketing is a process that may not always contain specific steps.
C	Marketing include the product pricing according the market which the product is placed.
D	Marketing can be used to promote products that people need as well we people want.
E	Modern marketing methods only work in capitalistic economies.

Question 28

Which of the following is not part of the pre-purchase process? (ID-BCF-03)

A	Evaluation of alternatives
B	Problem/need recognition
C	Purchase decision
D	Information search
E	Feedback

Question 29

Parades, elections, trials, and provincial holidays can be best described as ____ rituals. (ID-BCF-14)

A	personal
B	religious
C	civic
D	family
E	rites of passage

Question 30

Before the financial crisis, typically in North America which of the following is ranked the highest? (ID-BCF-09)

A	Security
B	Sense of belonging
C	Self respect
D	Excitement
E	Being well respected

Question 31

Which of the following item can be priced relatively higher (larger profit) than the other? (ID-BCF-11)

A	Religious card.
B	Graduation card.
C	Wedding invitation card.
D	A birthday card.
E	A gift card.

Question 31 Explanation:

Generally, the products that are attached to strong religious or cultural views can be sold for a higher price with a larger profit.

Question 32

Which of the following describe a cultural ritual? (ID-BCF-15)

A	They are almost always a public (non family) event.
B	They are almost always much smaller events than religious rituals.
C	They are not good opportunities for marketing because each and every individual/group may have different views on the same event.
D	They are only observed in the East such as China and Japan.
E	Usually they occur in a fixed sequence and occur periodically.

Question 33

Canadian culture can be best described with which of the following terms? (ID-BCF-16)

A	Individualism, high power distance and uncertainty avoidance
B	Individualism, high power distance and uncertainty acceptance
C	Individualism, low power distance and uncertainty acceptance
D	Feminine, low power distance and uncertainty avoidance
E	Individualism, low power distance and uncertainty avoidance

Question 34

Which of the following is true about non-verbal communication? (ID-BCF-31)

A	The most explicit information is gathered through non-verbal communication.
B	Non-verbal communication is a type of stand along communication method.
C	Majority, if not all, non-verbal communication gestures are universal in the Western world.
D	Proxemics deals with the variation of facial expressions.
E	In many cultures, often non-verbal communication is used to signal differences in status.

Question 35

Which of the following is a characteristic of high context cultures? (ID-BCF-12)

A	Time is highly valued.
B	Less importance on age and experience.
C	Straightforwardness
D	Logical, linear and highly action-oriented.
E	Meaning are embedded at many social levels.

Question 36

Which of the following items can be considered as individual values? (ID-BCF-08)
1. Security
2. Excitement
3. Warm relationships with others
4. Self-respect
5. Belonging
6. Being well respected
7. Self-fulfillment
8. Fun and enjoyment
9. Sense of accomplishment

A	3 , 5 , 7 , 8 only
B	2 , 4, 7 , 9 only
C	All of the above listed items.
D	1 , 2 , 5 , 7 only
E	1, 2 , 3 , 4 only

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Christopher John Holdsworth during Spring 2015.
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If you get a question wrong, you can still click on the other answers. This will open up hints and explanations (if available), which will provide additional information.

Videos

TED Talk: Rory Sutherland: Life lessons from an Ad man

How smoking became a symbol of the “Emancipated Woman”

Propaganda in America – Meet Edward Bernays

Lexicon Branding (may not play in all browsers)

http://www.lexiconbranding.com/videos/lexicon-branding-movie.html

Cultural Dimension: direct versus indirect communication style

Cultural Dimension: low versus high power distance

High vs Low Uncertainty Avoidance

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qem46KUMIOM

Reaching Across cultures without losing yourself

http://blip.tv/hbrchannel/reaching-across-cultures-without-losing-yourself-6558957

Cultural Diversity in the Workplace

Multi-Cultural Meeting

http://vimeo.com/88245683 or

http://www.trainingabc.com/building-the-multicultural-team/

Sanuja Senanayake

Anthropology 303 Final-University of Calgary

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Standing on the shoulders of giants

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Standing on the shoulders of giants