Anthropology 303 – Business In Cultural Context

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Question 1

Before the financial crisis, typically in North America which of the following is ranked the highest? (ID-BCF-09)

A	Sense of belonging
B	Security
C	Excitement
D	Self respect
E	Being well respected

Question 2

Which of the following statement is true? (ID-BCF-30)

A	You are expected to say "I don't know" rather than providing an uninformed or in correct answers to business questions in hierarchical cultures.
B	You cannot question the superiors in egalitarian cultures.
C	In egalitarian cultures, power is concentrated within a very few people.
D	Hierarchical cultures have mechanisms for redress grievances.
E	The decision-marking process takes longer in egalitarian cultures than in hierarchical cultures.

Question 2 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. The Cultural Dimension of Global Business by G. P. Ferraro and E. K. Briody - Seventh Edition; Pages 38 - 39, Chapter 2. ISBN10: 0-205-83559-7 and ISBN 13: 978-0-205-83559-1

Question 3

Which of the following is false about myths? (ID-BCF-10)

A	They often contains magical elements.
B	They often contains stories/ideas of two opposing forces (good vs evil, strong vs weak, etc).
C	They contains symbolic meanings.
D	They are often used as a tool to drive sales and promotions.
E	They are all originated from old legends.

Question 3 Explanation:

Not all myths are originated from old legends. They can be newly formed ideas/concepts by marketing companies.

Question 4

The term "brand" has the following literal meaning. (ID-BCF-05)

A	To develop a legend.
B	To produce goods or provide services.
C	To promote or publicize.
D	To burn or stamp something.
E	To create or design a product.

Question 5

What is the most fundamental principle behind a myth? (ID-BCF-13)

A	Storyline contain two opposing forces that are symbolic.
B	Myths must have a religious or spiritual connotation.
C	All myths are original and remain unchanged over time.
D	Myths draw concepts from ancient civilizations such as Roman and Greek.
E	Myths must state the underlying principle explicitly.

Question 6

How many levels are in the Means-End Chain Model? (ID-BCF-26)

A	Three
B	Four
C	Five
D	Six
E	Two

Question 7

Which of the following items can be considered as interpersonal orientation values? (ID-BCF-27)
1. Security
2. Excitement
3. Warm relationships with others
4. Self-respect
5. Belonging
6. Being well respected
7. Self-fulfillment
8. Fun and enjoyment
9. Sense of accomplishment

A	7 and 9 only
B	1 , 2 , 5 , 7 only
C	3 and 8 only
D	2 , 4, 7 , 9 only
E	2 and 5 only

Question 8

Which of the following item can be priced relatively higher (larger profit) than the other? (ID-BCF-11)

A	Religious card.
B	A gift card.
C	Graduation card.
D	A birthday card.
E	Wedding invitation card.

Question 8 Explanation:

Generally, the products that are attached to strong religious or cultural views can be sold for a higher price with a larger profit.

Question 9

Which of the following describe a cultural ritual? (ID-BCF-15)

A	They are not good opportunities for marketing because each and every individual/group may have different views on the same event.
B	They are almost always much smaller events than religious rituals.
C	Usually they occur in a fixed sequence and occur periodically.
D	They are almost always a public (non family) event.
E	They are only observed in the East such as China and Japan.

Question 10

Researchers have identified several stages of culture shock. What is the third stage of culture shock? (ID-BCF-34)

A	Introduction
B	Integration
C	Adjustment
D	Acceptance
E	Transition

Question 10 Explanation:

Note: There are several culture shock models. Usually the Adjustment to new environment occurs in the third stage in most models.

Question 11

Which of the following country can be considered as low context culture? (ID-BCF-18)

A	Spanish
B	Latin American
C	German
D	Japanese
E	Arabic

Question 12

The opposite extreme of hierarchy is demonstrated by which of the following? (ID-BCF-28)

A	Small power distance
B	Strong uncertainty avoidance
C	Long-time orientation
D	Collectivism
E	Femininity

Question 13

The numbers, letters and phrases can be symbols. (ID-BCF-17)

A	False because phrases are too explicit hence cannot be symbols.
B	True
C	False because numbers cannot be symbols.
D	False because letters cannot be symbols.

Question 14

Which of the following items can be considered as individual values? (ID-BCF-08)
1. Security
2. Excitement
3. Warm relationships with others
4. Self-respect
5. Belonging
6. Being well respected
7. Self-fulfillment
8. Fun and enjoyment
9. Sense of accomplishment

A	All of the above listed items.
B	1 , 2 , 5 , 7 only
C	1, 2 , 3 , 4 only
D	2 , 4, 7 , 9 only
E	3 , 5 , 7 , 8 only

Question 15

What is a transitional organization? (ID-BCF-29)

A	It is the process of exchanging cultures within an organization.
B	It is a phase in which a small business/company slowly changed in to a larger cooperation.
C	It is a phase a company would go through just before a complete failure.
D	An organization that take control of the company during major cultural changes.
E	An organization that is composed of multiple business partners from several different countries.

Question 15 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. Business Anthropology by Ann T. Jordan - Second Edition; Pages 109 - 125, Chapter 9. ISBN10: 1-57766-827-8 and ISBN 13: 978-7-57766-827-5

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of high context cultures? (ID-BCF-12)

A	Meaning are embedded at many social levels.
B	Straightforwardness
C	Time is highly valued.
D	Less importance on age and experience.
E	Logical, linear and highly action-oriented.

Question 17

Which of the following is false about consumer behaviour? (ID-BCF-01)

A	People tend to spend more time researching a product if the cost of the product is higher.
B	It is a logical process.
C	It can be influenced by external forces/factors.
D	It is driven by wants and not by needs of individuals. Hint: Both needs and wants drives the behaviour.
E	Information search is done in the per-purchase phase.

Question 18

What is the primary source of non-verbal communication that can observed in every culture? (ID-BCF-24)

A	Body posture
B	Face
C	Hands
D	Physically contact
E	Eyes

Question 19

When people are adjusting to a new culture, they go through different stages. Which of the following stages are ethnocentric stages? (ID-BCF-19)

A	Acceptance, Minimization and Integration
B	Denial, Defense and Acceptance
C	Acceptance, Adaptation and Integration
D	Denial, Defense and Minimization
E	Defense, Minimization and Integration

Question 20

What is Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? (ID-BCF-36)

A	Learning a new language can help learn more languages later in life. In other words, once you learn a new language, it is easier to learn several others.
B	Learning a new language is beneficial because it will explain cultural differences of the new environment.
C	The written language is always more explicit than the spoken language in all 5500+ languages in the world.
D	Language is dynamic and changes over time.
E	It state that the language not only used for explicit communication but also linguistic categories limit and determine cognitive categories.

Question 20 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. The Cultural Dimension of Global Business by G. P. Ferraro and E. K. Briody - Seventh Edition; Pages 113 - 114, Chapter 4. ISBN10: 0-205-83559-7 and ISBN 13: 978-0-205-83559-1

Question 21

Which of the following is not part of the pre-purchase process? (ID-BCF-03)

A	Problem/need recognition
B	Evaluation of alternatives
C	Feedback
D	Information search
E	Purchase decision

Question 22

Proxemics is one of several subcategories of the study of nonverbal communication. It deals with... (ID-BCF-22)

A	hand gestures.
B	facial expressions.
C	touching or physical contact.
D	physical space usage.
E	time symbolism.

Question 23

In Canada, the phrase ‘the squeaky wheel gets the oil’, meaning that if you make enough noise you will get attention, suggests an important value in Canadian society is... (ID-BCF-23)

A	Low power distance
B	Egalitarianism
C	Short- time orientation
D	Hierarchy
E	Individualism

Question 24

The physical and emotional discomfort produced when a person moves to a culture different from the place of origin is known as... (ID-BCF-25)

A	culture dystopia.
B	culture shock.
C	cultural disorientation.
D	cultural experience.
E	cultural disambiguation.

Question 25

Which of the following is not a benefit of multicultural workforce? (ID-BCF-32)

A	Lower competition for job opportunities.
B	Improved problem solving methods.
C	Employees will embrace the cooperate culture.
D	Retaliation of best available talent.
E	Increased in productivity due to better cooperation.

Question 25 Explanation:

Companies that encourage multicultural business cultures have much higher number of applicant for job opportunities than others. Examples are Google Inc, ImperialOil, etc.

Question 26

Which is false about marketing? (ID-BCF-04)

A	Marketing is a process that may not always contain specific steps.
B	Marketing plays a vital role in product success.
C	Modern marketing methods only work in capitalistic economies.
D	Marketing can be used to promote products that people need as well we people want.
E	Marketing include the product pricing according the market which the product is placed.

Question 27

Why do oral care products contain mint flavor? (ID-BCF-06)

A	Due to its qualities of disinfection.
B	Due to cultural expectations.
C	Mint is a key active ingredient in oral care products.
D	Due to its strong scent.

Question 28

What are are 4Ps of marketing mix? (ID-BCF-02)

A	Price, Placement, Promote and Persuasion
B	Production, Process, Price and Promotion
C	Product, Pre-purchase, Purchase, Post-purchase
D	Production, Promotion, Persuasion and Payment
E	Product, Price, Place and Promotion

Question 29

Canadian culture can be best described with which of the following terms? (ID-BCF-16)

A	Individualism, low power distance and uncertainty acceptance
B	Individualism, low power distance and uncertainty avoidance
C	Feminine, low power distance and uncertainty avoidance
D	Individualism, high power distance and uncertainty avoidance
E	Individualism, high power distance and uncertainty acceptance

Question 30

When people are adjusting to a new culture, they go through different stages. Which of the following stages are ethnorelative stages? (ID-BCF-21)

A	Adaptation, Integration and Acceptance
B	Denial, Defense and Acceptance
C	Denial, Defense and Minimization
D	Adaptation, Defense and Minimization
E	Minimization, Acceptance and Adaptation

Question 31

Parades, elections, trials, and provincial holidays can be best described as ____ rituals. (ID-BCF-14)

A	family
B	rites of passage
C	personal
D	religious
E	civic

Question 32

What is the best option a company can take to ensure accurate translation of slogans? (ID-BCF-35)

A	Create a brand new slogan when moving into a new region with different language than that of the original.
B	Use back translation where a translated message is translated back into the original language.
C	Avoid idioms and other ethno-specific terms.
D	Use the original language itself and avoid translations all together.
E	Use an independent professional translator.

Question 33

Which of the following is a physical symptom of culture shock? (ID-BCF-33)

A	Insomnia
B	Feelings of incompetence
C	Feelings of rejection
D	Depression
E	Resentment

Question 34

Majority of immigrants to Canada before 1960 are ____ . (ID-BCF-20)

A	Americans
B	Asians (Chinese)
C	Western Europeans
D	Eastern Europeans
E	South Asians

Question 35

According to the Means-End Chain Model, which of the following can be considered as value(s)? (ID-BCF-07)
I. Buying a car so you can travel to work everyday.
II. Buying food with low cholesterol.
II. Obtaining a degree because you want a good job.

A	I and II
B	III only
C	I only
D	II only
E	II and III only

Question 35 Explanation:

This is a difficult question. Some of you may think it is an unfair question. However, I think it is a fair question and you should be able to use at least process of elimination to obtain an answer.

Question 36

Which of the following is true about non-verbal communication? (ID-BCF-31)

A	Proxemics deals with the variation of facial expressions.
B	In many cultures, often non-verbal communication is used to signal differences in status.
C	Majority, if not all, non-verbal communication gestures are universal in the Western world.
D	The most explicit information is gathered through non-verbal communication.
E	Non-verbal communication is a type of stand along communication method.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Christopher John Holdsworth during Spring 2015.
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If you get a question wrong, you can still click on the other answers. This will open up hints and explanations (if available), which will provide additional information.

Videos

TED Talk: Rory Sutherland: Life lessons from an Ad man

How smoking became a symbol of the “Emancipated Woman”

Propaganda in America – Meet Edward Bernays

Lexicon Branding (may not play in all browsers)

http://www.lexiconbranding.com/videos/lexicon-branding-movie.html

Cultural Dimension: direct versus indirect communication style

Cultural Dimension: low versus high power distance

High vs Low Uncertainty Avoidance

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qem46KUMIOM

Reaching Across cultures without losing yourself

http://blip.tv/hbrchannel/reaching-across-cultures-without-losing-yourself-6558957

Cultural Diversity in the Workplace

Multi-Cultural Meeting

http://vimeo.com/88245683 or

http://www.trainingabc.com/building-the-multicultural-team/

Sanuja Senanayake

Anthropology 303 Final-University of Calgary

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Standing on the shoulders of giants