Anthropology 303 – Business In Cultural Context

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Question 1

The numbers, letters and phrases can be symbols. (ID-BCF-17)

A	False because phrases are too explicit hence cannot be symbols.
B	False because numbers cannot be symbols.
C	False because letters cannot be symbols.
D	True

Question 2

Canadian culture can be best described with which of the following terms? (ID-BCF-16)

A	Individualism, high power distance and uncertainty acceptance
B	Individualism, low power distance and uncertainty acceptance
C	Individualism, low power distance and uncertainty avoidance
D	Individualism, high power distance and uncertainty avoidance
E	Feminine, low power distance and uncertainty avoidance

Question 3

Which of the following describe a cultural ritual? (ID-BCF-15)

A	They are almost always much smaller events than religious rituals.
B	They are almost always a public (non family) event.
C	They are not good opportunities for marketing because each and every individual/group may have different views on the same event.
D	Usually they occur in a fixed sequence and occur periodically.
E	They are only observed in the East such as China and Japan.

Question 4

Parades, elections, trials, and provincial holidays can be best described as ____ rituals. (ID-BCF-14)

A	religious
B	civic
C	rites of passage
D	family
E	personal

Question 5

Why do oral care products contain mint flavor? (ID-BCF-06)

A	Mint is a key active ingredient in oral care products.
B	Due to its qualities of disinfection.
C	Due to its strong scent.
D	Due to cultural expectations.

Question 6

Researchers have identified several stages of culture shock. What is the third stage of culture shock? (ID-BCF-34)

A	Adjustment
B	Introduction
C	Acceptance
D	Transition
E	Integration

Question 6 Explanation:

Note: There are several culture shock models. Usually the Adjustment to new environment occurs in the third stage in most models.

Question 7

Which is false about marketing? (ID-BCF-04)

A	Modern marketing methods only work in capitalistic economies.
B	Marketing can be used to promote products that people need as well we people want.
C	Marketing include the product pricing according the market which the product is placed.
D	Marketing plays a vital role in product success.
E	Marketing is a process that may not always contain specific steps.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a benefit of multicultural workforce? (ID-BCF-32)

A	Increased in productivity due to better cooperation.
B	Lower competition for job opportunities.
C	Employees will embrace the cooperate culture.
D	Improved problem solving methods.
E	Retaliation of best available talent.

Question 8 Explanation:

Companies that encourage multicultural business cultures have much higher number of applicant for job opportunities than others. Examples are Google Inc, ImperialOil, etc.

Question 9

Which of the following items can be considered as interpersonal orientation values? (ID-BCF-27)
1. Security
2. Excitement
3. Warm relationships with others
4. Self-respect
5. Belonging
6. Being well respected
7. Self-fulfillment
8. Fun and enjoyment
9. Sense of accomplishment

A	2 , 4, 7 , 9 only
B	1 , 2 , 5 , 7 only
C	7 and 9 only
D	3 and 8 only
E	2 and 5 only

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of high context cultures? (ID-BCF-12)

A	Logical, linear and highly action-oriented.
B	Straightforwardness
C	Less importance on age and experience.
D	Meaning are embedded at many social levels.
E	Time is highly valued.

Question 11

Which of the following items can be considered as individual values? (ID-BCF-08)
1. Security
2. Excitement
3. Warm relationships with others
4. Self-respect
5. Belonging
6. Being well respected
7. Self-fulfillment
8. Fun and enjoyment
9. Sense of accomplishment

A	2 , 4, 7 , 9 only
B	1, 2 , 3 , 4 only
C	3 , 5 , 7 , 8 only
D	1 , 2 , 5 , 7 only
E	All of the above listed items.

Question 12

Which of the following is false about myths? (ID-BCF-10)

A	They are all originated from old legends.
B	They often contains stories/ideas of two opposing forces (good vs evil, strong vs weak, etc).
C	They often contains magical elements.
D	They are often used as a tool to drive sales and promotions.
E	They contains symbolic meanings.

Question 12 Explanation:

Not all myths are originated from old legends. They can be newly formed ideas/concepts by marketing companies.

Question 13

What is the best option a company can take to ensure accurate translation of slogans? (ID-BCF-35)

A	Use the original language itself and avoid translations all together.
B	Use back translation where a translated message is translated back into the original language.
C	Create a brand new slogan when moving into a new region with different language than that of the original.
D	Use an independent professional translator.
E	Avoid idioms and other ethno-specific terms.

Question 14

How many levels are in the Means-End Chain Model? (ID-BCF-26)

A	Three
B	Four
C	Five
D	Two
E	Six

Question 15

Which of the following is false about consumer behaviour? (ID-BCF-01)

A	It is a logical process.
B	Information search is done in the per-purchase phase.
C	It is driven by wants and not by needs of individuals. Hint: Both needs and wants drives the behaviour.
D	People tend to spend more time researching a product if the cost of the product is higher.
E	It can be influenced by external forces/factors.

Question 16

The term "brand" has the following literal meaning. (ID-BCF-05)

A	To create or design a product.
B	To develop a legend.
C	To produce goods or provide services.
D	To promote or publicize.
E	To burn or stamp something.

Question 17

Which of the following statement is true? (ID-BCF-30)

A	In egalitarian cultures, power is concentrated within a very few people.
B	The decision-marking process takes longer in egalitarian cultures than in hierarchical cultures.
C	You cannot question the superiors in egalitarian cultures.
D	You are expected to say "I don't know" rather than providing an uninformed or in correct answers to business questions in hierarchical cultures.
E	Hierarchical cultures have mechanisms for redress grievances.

Question 17 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. The Cultural Dimension of Global Business by G. P. Ferraro and E. K. Briody - Seventh Edition; Pages 38 - 39, Chapter 2. ISBN10: 0-205-83559-7 and ISBN 13: 978-0-205-83559-1

Question 18

Proxemics is one of several subcategories of the study of nonverbal communication. It deals with... (ID-BCF-22)

A	physical space usage.
B	facial expressions.
C	hand gestures.
D	time symbolism.
E	touching or physical contact.

Question 19

The physical and emotional discomfort produced when a person moves to a culture different from the place of origin is known as... (ID-BCF-25)

A	cultural disambiguation.
B	culture dystopia.
C	cultural experience.
D	culture shock.
E	cultural disorientation.

Question 20

Which of the following item can be priced relatively higher (larger profit) than the other? (ID-BCF-11)

A	Graduation card.
B	A birthday card.
C	A gift card.
D	Wedding invitation card.
E	Religious card.

Question 20 Explanation:

Generally, the products that are attached to strong religious or cultural views can be sold for a higher price with a larger profit.

Question 21

What is a transitional organization? (ID-BCF-29)

A	An organization that take control of the company during major cultural changes.
B	It is a phase in which a small business/company slowly changed in to a larger cooperation.
C	An organization that is composed of multiple business partners from several different countries.
D	It is the process of exchanging cultures within an organization.
E	It is a phase a company would go through just before a complete failure.

Question 21 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. Business Anthropology by Ann T. Jordan - Second Edition; Pages 109 - 125, Chapter 9. ISBN10: 1-57766-827-8 and ISBN 13: 978-7-57766-827-5

Question 22

According to the Means-End Chain Model, which of the following can be considered as value(s)? (ID-BCF-07)
I. Buying a car so you can travel to work everyday.
II. Buying food with low cholesterol.
II. Obtaining a degree because you want a good job.

A	I and II
B	II and III only
C	I only
D	II only
E	III only

Question 22 Explanation:

This is a difficult question. Some of you may think it is an unfair question. However, I think it is a fair question and you should be able to use at least process of elimination to obtain an answer.

Question 23

What is the primary source of non-verbal communication that can observed in every culture? (ID-BCF-24)

A	Face
B	Hands
C	Physically contact
D	Body posture
E	Eyes

Question 24

What are are 4Ps of marketing mix? (ID-BCF-02)

A	Production, Process, Price and Promotion
B	Product, Pre-purchase, Purchase, Post-purchase
C	Price, Placement, Promote and Persuasion
D	Product, Price, Place and Promotion
E	Production, Promotion, Persuasion and Payment

Question 25

Before the financial crisis, typically in North America which of the following is ranked the highest? (ID-BCF-09)

A	Excitement
B	Being well respected
C	Security
D	Self respect
E	Sense of belonging

Question 26

When people are adjusting to a new culture, they go through different stages. Which of the following stages are ethnorelative stages? (ID-BCF-21)

A	Adaptation, Integration and Acceptance
B	Denial, Defense and Minimization
C	Adaptation, Defense and Minimization
D	Minimization, Acceptance and Adaptation
E	Denial, Defense and Acceptance

Question 27

In Canada, the phrase ‘the squeaky wheel gets the oil’, meaning that if you make enough noise you will get attention, suggests an important value in Canadian society is... (ID-BCF-23)

A	Hierarchy
B	Egalitarianism
C	Individualism
D	Short- time orientation
E	Low power distance

Question 28

Which of the following is a physical symptom of culture shock? (ID-BCF-33)

A	Feelings of rejection
B	Insomnia
C	Depression
D	Feelings of incompetence
E	Resentment

Question 29

What is the most fundamental principle behind a myth? (ID-BCF-13)

A	Myths must state the underlying principle explicitly.
B	Storyline contain two opposing forces that are symbolic.
C	Myths must have a religious or spiritual connotation.
D	Myths draw concepts from ancient civilizations such as Roman and Greek.
E	All myths are original and remain unchanged over time.

Question 30

Which of the following is not part of the pre-purchase process? (ID-BCF-03)

A	Feedback
B	Information search
C	Problem/need recognition
D	Evaluation of alternatives
E	Purchase decision

Question 31

What is Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? (ID-BCF-36)

A	It state that the language not only used for explicit communication but also linguistic categories limit and determine cognitive categories.
B	Learning a new language is beneficial because it will explain cultural differences of the new environment.
C	Learning a new language can help learn more languages later in life. In other words, once you learn a new language, it is easier to learn several others.
D	The written language is always more explicit than the spoken language in all 5500+ languages in the world.
E	Language is dynamic and changes over time.

Question 31 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. The Cultural Dimension of Global Business by G. P. Ferraro and E. K. Briody - Seventh Edition; Pages 113 - 114, Chapter 4. ISBN10: 0-205-83559-7 and ISBN 13: 978-0-205-83559-1

Question 32

Majority of immigrants to Canada before 1960 are ____ . (ID-BCF-20)

A	Eastern Europeans
B	Americans
C	Asians (Chinese)
D	South Asians
E	Western Europeans

Question 33

The opposite extreme of hierarchy is demonstrated by which of the following? (ID-BCF-28)

A	Strong uncertainty avoidance
B	Long-time orientation
C	Small power distance
D	Femininity
E	Collectivism

Question 34

Which of the following is true about non-verbal communication? (ID-BCF-31)

A	Majority, if not all, non-verbal communication gestures are universal in the Western world.
B	In many cultures, often non-verbal communication is used to signal differences in status.
C	Non-verbal communication is a type of stand along communication method.
D	The most explicit information is gathered through non-verbal communication.
E	Proxemics deals with the variation of facial expressions.

Question 35

When people are adjusting to a new culture, they go through different stages. Which of the following stages are ethnocentric stages? (ID-BCF-19)

A	Acceptance, Minimization and Integration
B	Acceptance, Adaptation and Integration
C	Denial, Defense and Minimization
D	Denial, Defense and Acceptance
E	Defense, Minimization and Integration

Question 36

Which of the following country can be considered as low context culture? (ID-BCF-18)

A	Spanish
B	Latin American
C	German
D	Arabic
E	Japanese

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Christopher John Holdsworth during Spring 2015.
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If you get a question wrong, you can still click on the other answers. This will open up hints and explanations (if available), which will provide additional information.

Videos

TED Talk: Rory Sutherland: Life lessons from an Ad man

How smoking became a symbol of the “Emancipated Woman”

Propaganda in America – Meet Edward Bernays

Lexicon Branding (may not play in all browsers)

http://www.lexiconbranding.com/videos/lexicon-branding-movie.html

Cultural Dimension: direct versus indirect communication style

Cultural Dimension: low versus high power distance

High vs Low Uncertainty Avoidance

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qem46KUMIOM

Reaching Across cultures without losing yourself

http://blip.tv/hbrchannel/reaching-across-cultures-without-losing-yourself-6558957

Cultural Diversity in the Workplace

Multi-Cultural Meeting

http://vimeo.com/88245683 or

http://www.trainingabc.com/building-the-multicultural-team/

Sanuja Senanayake

Anthropology 303 Final-University of Calgary

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Standing on the shoulders of giants

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Final

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Standing on the shoulders of giants