Anthropology 303 – Business In Cultural Context

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Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Midterm II

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Question 1

Which of the following statement is correct? (ID-BC2-17)

A	Informal system is almost always explicitly stated.
B	Social networks analysis is a type of formal organizational analysis.
C	Universal rules can be used to address unpredictable issues.
D	Holocractic organizations discourage individualism.
E	Norms are often act as social controls.

Question 2

In most North American companies, the reward systems in majority of companies are set at what level? (ID-BC2-26)

A	Secondary/upper level
B	Group level
C	Primary level
D	Individual level
E	Organizational level

Question 3

Marketing research must obtain information that are... (ID-BC2-04)
I. Reliable
II. Timely
III. Regional/Localized
IV. Accurate

A	I , II and IV
B	I , III and IV
C	I and II
D	I , II and III
E	II and IV

Question 4

What is modus operandi and opus operatum? (ID-BC2-23)

A	They are two Latin terms for structured and unstructured interview processes.
B	The first term refer to how in participant observation, a researcher can influence the subjects (behavior) while the second term describe the result/outcome of such influences.
C	The first term describes the data collected by researchers purely on observing an environment while the second term describes the data collection through interaction with the study subjects.
D	The first term refer to how a task looks while and individual working on it while the second term refer to how a task looks when an individual look at the completed task.
E	The first term refer to what consumers say they would do as opposed to the second term which refer to what consumers actually do.

Question 4 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. Business Anthropology by Ann T. Jordan - Second Edition; Page 26, Chapter 3. ISBN10: 1-57766-827-8 and ISBN 13: 978-7-57766-827-5

Question 5

The shared beliefs about what is important in a company can be best described as... (ID-BC2-15)

A	a mission statement.
B	corporate strategy.
C	cooperate values.
D	a vision statement.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of unobtrusive ethnographic method? (ID-BC2-02)

A	Structured questionnaires for all workers looking for promotions to determine which higher position fit best for each person applied.
B	Management taking notes of employee behavior during a major company meeting.
C	Interview of factory workers in an assembly line.
D	Analysis of employee behavior from older completed projects data.
E	Interview of consumers while they shop for clothing.

Question 7

The type of technology and the division of labor within an organization can be attributed to what Universal Cultural Component according to Jordan? (ID-BC2-27)

A	Political system
B	Language and communication
C	Economic system
D	Religion and magic
E	Patterns of subsistence

Question 7 Explanation:

This question is based on textbook reading. Business Anthropology by Ann T. Jordan - Second Edition; Page 57, Chapter 3. ISBN10: 1-57766-827-8 and ISBN 13: 978-7-57766-827-5

Question 8

When would Content Analysis is usually performed? (ID-BC2-21)

A	During participant observation studies.
B	During a business meeting where a key figure outline the goals of the company.
C	During destructive interviews where researchers integrate themselves within the study subjects.
D	When using projective techniques.
E	After an in-depth interview based on the notes (or other records) recoded.

Question 9

Which of the following is true about norms in a business environment? (ID-BC2-10)

A	They promote diversity within workplace. Hint: Sometimes, but not always.
B	They act as positive behaviors to promote harmony. Hint: Not always; could result in disruptive behaviors.
C	They are socially shared standard behaviors.
D	They are governed by a set of rules and regulations unique to each company.
E	Typical new employee training can be considered as a norm.

Question 10

According to Fons Trompenaar’s typology, all of the following are characteristics of the “Incubator” except, (ID-BC2-11)

A	Google Inc. is an example
B	Egalitarian
C	Individuality is valued
D	Fulfillment is important
E	Role oriented

Question 11

According to current American Anthropological Association's Code of Ethics, what is the primary ethical obligation of Anthropologists? (ID-BC2-19)

A	To be honest and transparent with all stakeholders about the nature and intent of the research.
B	To make sure that they do not harm the subjects of the study either during or as a result of the study.
C	To disclose which companies or organizations they work to the general public.
D	To make all research available to the general public and other academics.
E	To avoid misrepresentation of themselves or the collected data.

Question 12

Under the social network analysis, which of the following person most likely the most important to a company? (ID-BC2-14)

A	Individuals with most personal and official connections to others.
B	CEOs and Board of Directors
C	Branch managers and/or divisional supervisors.
D	Lowest level employees that have the direct contact with customers.
E	Middle level employees such as engineers and production managers.

Question 13

What is the primary problem associated with traditional market research methods? (ID-BC2-01)

A	They are often limited to a small demographic region.
B	They are based on surveys and cannot be used to answer the question why consumers use/buy products.
C	They are designed to question if the consumer will use a product or service in the future. Hence the past activities are not taken into account.
D	They have no standard controls to analyze the studies. In other wards, no baseline to compare data and results.
E	They are often under funded hence the research variables are limited.

Question 14

Which of the following is a part of the formal organization of a business? (ID-BC2-16)

A	Shared assumptions
B	Job descriptions
C	Expressed values
D	Expressed norms
E	Symbols and stories

Question 15

Which of the following is not a good reason to use participant observation method? (ID-BC2-03)

A	To discover unspoken cultural patterns that influence behavior.
B	To examine how consumers actually use and experience products.
C	To uncover their attitudes, beliefs, perceptions and values.
D	To discover what people and compare/contrast with what they say they do.
E	To gather data from a large volume of population.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a characteristic of Western Rationalism? (ID-BC2-09)

A	Standardized methods for promotions.
B	Family focused and power oriented work environment.
C	Clear division of work with specialized workforce.
D	Hiring based on technical qualifications.
E	Explicit hierarchical system.

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic/description of projective techniques? (ID-BC2-22)

A	It is a highly structured form of data gathering.
B	It is often obstructive because the researchers are embedded within the study group.
C	It can identify relationships between individuals explicitly.
D	Observations studies are often fall under the projective techniques.
E	It uses indirect forms of questioning.

Question 18

A 24 year old was admitted to an Alberta hospital for alcohol poisoning. He was unable to give consent to inform his family about his whereabouts. But the medical staff call his parents to inform his condition anyway. How would you describe this situation? (ID-BC2-06)

A	Legal and ethical
B	Illegal but ethical
C	Illegal and unethical
D	Legal but unethical

Question 19

According to Fons Trompenaar’s typology, which of the following cultures/companies most likely support the Guided Missile version? (ID-BC2-25)

A	German
B	Google Inc
C	British (UK)
D	Japanese
E	French

Question 20

Which of the following is false about the current ethical codes followed by Professional Anthropologists? (ID-BC2-28)

A	Anthropologists can obtain data without informing the subjects as long as the data are not used against the subjects in the study.
B	Anthropologists are now allowed to work on government funded research projects.
C	Anthropologists must learn the culture and/or values of the society/company of the study before conducting the research.
D	Anthropologists can work in studies where the data and analysis will not be published on public domain.
E	Anthropologists should always think through their studies before the data being collected.

Question 20 Explanation:

According to current guidelines of AAA, SfAA and NAPA, Anthropologists must inform the purpose of the study to the subjects clearly before conducting research.

Question 21

What is marketing concept? (ID-BC2-07)

A	It states that research and development should be based on both marketing data and innovation. Ignoring the importance of market research will lead to failures.
B	It states that it is important to evaluate consumer behaviors to properly analyze what the public needs as opposed to what the public wants.
C	It states that to survive in a competitive market, a good marketing research program must be in place for collecting reliable data accurately and in a timely manner.
D	It states that traditional methodologies for data collection serves no purpose in modern day 21st Century businesses.
E	It states that to achieve competitive advantage and strong performance, firms should identify and satisfy customer needs and wants better than their competitors.

Question 22

Which of the following should not be a part of a good vision statement? (ID-BC2-18)

A	It should described a flexible non-specific goal for the company.
B	It should have a clear direction.
C	It should be about long-term view/plan.
D	It should be simple.
E	It should have achievable goals.

Question 23

When considering the levels of corporate culture, ceremonies and meetings can be best described as... (ID-BC2-08)

A	formal organization.
B	artifacts.
C	behaviors.
D	symbols.
E	expressed values.

Question 24

According to the Social Network Analysis (SNA) theory, which of the following statements is correct? (ID-BC2-30)

A	More centralized networks are highly reliable.
B	Social networks are almost always static and governed by their own unique set of rules (like strict sub culture).
C	Social networks are almost always localized and do not reach beyond the branch/particular office environment.
D	In betweeners are the least important people in a social network.
E	Larger the number of "connectors" better the network stability.

Question 25

The idea of business organizations as organisms originated from what school of thought? (ID-BC2-05)

A	Human Relations
B	Hawthorne Studies
C	Modern form of management principles came after World War II
D	Capitalism
E	Scientific Management

Question 26

To obtain best wholesome data set in a participant observation study, which type of questions should be used? (ID-BC2-24)

A	Informal type questions
B	Formal type questions
C	Ethnographic type of questions
D	Role playing type of questions
E	Projective type of questions

Question 27

Which of the following is a characteristic of the holacratic organization system? (ID-BC2-12)

A	It creates a static cooperate structure for increased productivity.
B	It assigns clear roles for each individual worker.
C	It does not allow pathways for collaboration between different departments.
D	Suitable people are often hired based on their personal connections with current company employees.
E	It breeds soiled thinking.

Question 28

Which of the following can be considered as cultural knowledge? (ID-BC2-20)

A	Lining up at a cashier for payment for items.
B	Relationship between two or more people.
C	The lighting intensity of a store.
D	Type of background music in a bank.
E	Your position and the job description in a company.

Question 29

Please answer the following question according to the Social Network Analysis. (ID-BC2-29)
__I__ type of person has the most amount of information but __II__ type of person plays a "broker" role and can significantly influence information flow in a Social Network.

A	I. Connector II. boundary spanner
B	I. Connector II. betweener
C	I. Boundary spanner II. connector
D	I. Betweener II. connector
E	I. Boundary spanner II. betweener

Question 30

What is degree centrality in social network analysis? (ID-BC2-13)

A	Specialization of social sub groups within a company.
B	Higher centrality means the company is controlled through a structured hierarchical system.
C	Number of connections an individual has with others.
D	Measure of power sharing in a company or a government institution.
E	Measure of control which a company officials have over their divisions and branches.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Christopher John Holdsworth during Spring 2015.
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Videos from Class

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Magic Poop Collector

ASHPOOPIE

The Fourth Factor: Managing Corporate Culture

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Improve Efficiency, Effectiveness and Innovation with Social Network Analysis

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Resolving Culture Conflicts In Corporate Acquisitions

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Standing on the shoulders of giants