Anthropology 201 – Introduction to Primatology and Human Evolution. The Midterm I only covers materials from Chapter 1 to 4. The subjects include Adaptation by Natural Selection, Genetics, Modern Synthesis and Speciation and Phylogeny. Spending on your professor and class number, some or all questions may or may not appear on your exam.

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Anthropology 201 (ANTH 201-UCAL) Midterm Exam I

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Most Anthropology 201 exams are multiple choice. Click Start to begin.

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Question 1

What is comparative method? (ID-PEM1-20)

A	A method for establishing relationships between different species using statistical analysis of historical evolutionary changes.
B	A method for establishing the function of a genetic and phenotypic trait by comparing different species.
C	A method for establishing the function of a genetic trait by comparing different species.
D	A method for establishing the function of a phenotypic trait by comparing different species.
E	None of the answers posted here are correct.

Question 2

Which of the following is true about biological variation? (ID-PEM1-27)

A	Distribution of heights of people is a good example of discontinuous variation.
B	Biological variations can only be studied using genetics because phenotype have too many variables.
C	It is observed that small random variations are insignificant and have no impact on the natural selection.
D	Fecundity is inversely proportional to frequency of biological variation within a population.
E	Darwin thought that discontinuous variation did not play an important role in evolution.

Question 3

The mating system include all of the following except, (ID-PEM1-19)

A	mating methods.
B	parenting behavior.
C	form of courtship.
D	nurturing behavior.

Question 3 Explanation:

You could argue that nurturing behavior also part of the mating system. However, the textbook definition does not support such a claim.

Question 4

Which of the following is the best example of environmental variation? (ID-PEM1-18)

A	Different speed of swimming within the same the same species of fish in the same pond.
B	Dramatic differences in distribution of body weight across countries with high GDP and countries with low GDP.
C	Two different colours of the peas observed by Mendel during his experiments.
D	People who live in the mountain regions of Himalayas are more adapted to high altitude living than people in Calgary.
E	Slight variation in skin colour within the same Northern European population of humans.

Question 5

A population is undergoing stabilizing selection when... (ID-PEM1-26)

A	there is selection that favors novel genotypes and thus leads to genetic change.
B	females choose who they mate with.
C	an evolutionary change occurs as a result of a second selection correlated to that change.
D	there is selection against novel mutants that preserves the existing genotype.
E	altruistic acts will be favored by selection if the product of the benefit to the recipient.
F	selection pressures that favor average phenotypes without altering the mean value of a trait.

Question 5 Explanation:

Chapter 1 - Adaptation by Natural Selection

Question 6

Majority of the shifts in genotypic frequencies are caused by which of following? (ID-PEM1-14)

A	Introduction of new species to a region.
B	Cellular division
C	Abnormal genetic mutations
D	Exposure to harmful chemicals and other hazards within the environment.
E	Sexual reproduction

Question 7

Which of the following statement is correct? (ID-PEM1-07)

A	Complex adaptions are almost always caused by mixing of two different species or organisms.
B	Complex adaptations often result in distinct phenotype with no intermediate within populations.
C	Complex adaptations are often caused by rapid genetic mutations within the dominant allele.
D	Discontinuous variation is important for the evolution of complex adaptations.
E	Complex adaptations arise through the accumulation of small random variations.

Question 8

What is the best description of genes? (ID-PEM1-09)

A	A segment of the chromosome that produces a recognizable effect on phenotype and segregates as a unit during gamete formation.
B	A segment of the DNA in eukaryotes that is translated into protein.
C	The fraction of the chromosome at a genetic locus that are a particular allele, which can result in different phenotype.
D	A linear body in the cell nucleus and appears during cell division.

Question 9

What is the primary function of the hemoglobin protein? (ID-PEM1-30)

A	Encoding of DNA, mRNA and tRNA molecules.
B	Transportation of oxygen.
C	Production of new blood cells.
D	Breaking down of fats and lipids for energy processing.
E	Development of complex genetic structures.

Question 10

Reproductive isolation occurs most likely as a result of which of the following? (ID-PEM1-22)

A	Increased in predatory organisms within an environment.
B	Mutations in gametes caused by either environmental or biological factors.
C	Differences in sexual organs.
D	Increase in gene flow.
E	Population pressures due to rapid growth.

Question 11

Which of the following describe a proper chain of events that lead to formation of proteins? (ID-PEM1-12)

A	DNA produces the proteins which later transcript into mRNAs.
B	Nuclear division result in production of DNA which transcript into proteins.
C	DNA translation results in mRNAs which are transcript into proteins.
D	DNA transcription results in mRNAs which are translate into proteins.
E	DNA produces the proteins which later translate into mRNAs.

Question 12

According to the Mendelian genetics, the breeding of F1 generation will produce which of the following? (ID-PEM1-10)

A	F0 generation
B	F2 generation
C	Generation with both physical characteristics of the F1 generation parents.
D	Generation with higher genetic diversity than the parent generation.
E	Much more advanced generation than the parent F1 generation.

Question 13

The modern synthesis refers to the combination of... (ID-PEM1-34)

A	anthropology and biology.
B	modern anthropology with animal behavior.
C	Mendelian and blending inheritance.
D	modern genetics and Darwinism.
E	Mendelian and modern biology.

Question 13 Explanation:

Chapter 3: The Modern Synthesis

Question 14

According to Charles Darwin's theory of adaptation, which of the following limit growth of populations? Choose the best answer. (ID-PEM1-03)

A	Slow and/or poor adaptation to changing environment.
B	Limited environmental resources.
C	Inheritance variation.
D	Fitness variation.
E	Slow genetic diversification.

Question 15

Which of the following statement is correct on natural selection? (ID-PEM1-04)

A	It always benefits the population.
B	It operates exclusively on the phenotype of organisms.
C	It will only respond to biological pressures and have no influence from environmental and other factors.
D	It is the primary driving mechanism for genetic diversification.
E	It favors better genes over poorly adapted genes within populations.

Question 16

A small German religious sect called Dunkers has few hundred individuals and the population never got bigger. As a result, the MN blood grouos were at different levels compared to the general population of Germany. This is an example of what biological/genetic process? (ID-PEM1-32)

A	Macroevolution
B	Mutation
C	Genetic drift
D	Natural selection

Question 17

Why is it important to construct phylogenetic trees? (ID-PEM1-31)

A	All of the answers listed here are correct
B	To understand the mechanism by which new traits evolve
C	To understand why species evolved certain traits
D	To understand what species consumed/eat

Question 18

Which of the two sections are not found in original Linnaean hierarchy? (ID-PEM1-16)

A	Genus and Species
B	Class and Species
C	Phylum and Family
D	Order and Family

Question 19

Which of the following is the taxonomic name given to a closely related species who descended fairly recently from a common ancestor? (ID-PEM1-02)

A	Species
B	Kingdom
C	Genus
D	Superfamily
E	Family

Question 20

Genetic variability and changes in genotypic frequencies only occurs in sexually reproductive species. (ID-PEM1-17)

A	True
B	False

Question 21

Closely related ______ are grouped together into one genus. (ID-PEM1-15)

A	orders
B	species
C	genus
D	families
E	phylas

Question 22

The structure of 3 bones in mammalian limbs is an example of... (ID-PEM1-35)

A	a homologous trait.
B	an analogous trait.
C	convergent evolution.
D	None of the answers are correct.

Question 22 Explanation:

Chapter 4 - Speciation and Phylogeny
Chapter 5 - Primate Diversity and Ecology

Question 23

Which of the following scientist laid the foundation for the modern binomial nomenclature? (ID-PEM1-01)

A	Charles Lyell
B	Gregor Mendel
C	None of the listed answers are correct.
D	Carolus Linnaeus
E	Charles Darwin

Question 24

The gametes are produced during ____ and cells that contain only one copy of each chromosomes are said to be ____. Answers are in respective order. (ID-PEM1-06)

A	meiosis , haploid
B	sexual reproduction , diploid
C	gene mutation , diploid
D	sexual reproduction , haploid
E	mitosis , diploid

Question 25

A population of birds is affected by a drought and small seeds are all destroyed. As a result birds with large beaks have an advantage and the mean beak size in the population increases. This is an example of which of the following? (ID-PEM1-33)

A	Directional selection
B	Environmental section
C	Disruptive selection
D	Stabilizing selection
E	Biophysical selection

Question 25 Explanation:

Chapter 1 - Adaptation by Natural Selection

Question 26

What is the term used to describe the study of how individual traits are transmitted from one generation to the next? (ID-PEM1-23)

A	Evolutionary biology
B	Cell biology
C	Ecology
D	Analogy
E	Genetics
F	Homology

Question 27

The observation that birds with certain beak type most likely to survive and reproduce can be best described as a ____ observation. (ID-PEM1-05)

A	statistical
B	genetic
C	morphological
D	theoretical
E	species

Question 28

What is the genotypic frequency of genotype AA if 4,000 individuals in a population of 15,000 carries genotype AA? (ID-PEM1-13)

A	0.27
B	15,000
C	4,000
D	3.75
E	1.33

Question 28 Explanation:

Frequency AA = 4,000 / 15,000

Question 29

According to Darwin's theory of evolution, which of the following statement is correct? (ID-PEM1-24)

A	Species are immutable.
B	All of the statements posted here are correct.
C	Tortoises are the modern descendants of glyptodonts.
D	All individuals have an equal chance of surviving and reproducing.
E	None of the statements posted here are correct.

Question 30

Which of the following is the correct DNA pair? (ID-PEM1-28)

A	A-T and C-G
B	A-G and C-T
C	A-H and T-C
D	A-C and T-G
E	A-G and T-H

Question 31

Which of the following cross breeding would most likely produce all types of genotypes? (ID-PEM1-11)

A	Cross bread between AA x aB
B	Cross bread between aa x bb
C	Cross bread between aA x aB
D	Cross bread between AA x BB
E	Cross bread between aA x BB

Question 32

Which of the following statement is correct? (ID-PEM1-21)

A	Arboreal primates are exclusively meat eaters.
B	Insects have compound eyes.
C	Humans and most vertebrates have compound eyes.
D	Early primates produced their offspring through fertilized eggs outside of their bodies (like birds).
E	Some primates do not have vertebrates.

Question 33

Microevolution is highly controlled by which of the following? (ID-PEM1-25)

A	Mutation, natural selection and gene flow
B	Ecological evolution
C	Only through genetic drift
D	Speciation
E	Molecular evolution occurs through small changes in the molecular or cellular level
F	Mutation, natural and artificial selection and gene flow

Question 33 Explanation:

Note: The process of speciation may fall within the purview of either, depending on the forces thought to drive it. In multiple choice exams, you are expected to choose the best answer not good enough answer.

Question 34

The information encoded in ____ determines the structure of proteins in the following way. Inside the nucleus, an ____ copy is made of the original DNA template. Answers are in respective order. (ID-PEM1-29)

A	tRNA , DNA
B	DNA , mRNA
C	DNA , tRNA
D	mRNA , DNA

Question 35

Evolution of similar adaptations in unrelated species is known as... (ID-PEM1-08)

A	convergence.
B	heritability.
C	homology.
D	hominoid effect.
E	divergence.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, TBA during Winter 2013 and textbook ISBN-978-0-393-93271-3. This version has been updated on between September and December 2015.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Anthropology 201-University of Calgary

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Anthropology 201 (ANTH 201-UCAL) Midterm Exam I

Standing on the shoulders of giants

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Anthropology 201 (ANTH 201-UCAL) Midterm Exam I

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Standing on the shoulders of giants