Anthropology 201 – Introduction to Primatology and Human Evolution. The Midterm I only covers materials from Chapter 1 to 4. The subjects include Adaptation by Natural Selection, Genetics, Modern Synthesis and Speciation and Phylogeny. Spending on your professor and class number, some or all questions may or may not appear on your exam.

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Anthropology 201 (ANTH 201-UCAL) Midterm Exam I

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Most Anthropology 201 exams are multiple choice. Click Start to begin.

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Question 1

What is comparative method? (ID-PEM1-20)

A	A method for establishing relationships between different species using statistical analysis of historical evolutionary changes.
B	A method for establishing the function of a phenotypic trait by comparing different species.
C	A method for establishing the function of a genetic and phenotypic trait by comparing different species.
D	None of the answers posted here are correct.
E	A method for establishing the function of a genetic trait by comparing different species.

Question 2

What is the best description of genes? (ID-PEM1-09)

A	A segment of the DNA in eukaryotes that is translated into protein.
B	A linear body in the cell nucleus and appears during cell division.
C	The fraction of the chromosome at a genetic locus that are a particular allele, which can result in different phenotype.
D	A segment of the chromosome that produces a recognizable effect on phenotype and segregates as a unit during gamete formation.

Question 3

A small German religious sect called Dunkers has few hundred individuals and the population never got bigger. As a result, the MN blood grouos were at different levels compared to the general population of Germany. This is an example of what biological/genetic process? (ID-PEM1-32)

A	Mutation
B	Macroevolution
C	Natural selection
D	Genetic drift

Question 4

Evolution of similar adaptations in unrelated species is known as... (ID-PEM1-08)

A	divergence.
B	homology.
C	convergence.
D	hominoid effect.
E	heritability.

Question 5

The observation that birds with certain beak type most likely to survive and reproduce can be best described as a ____ observation. (ID-PEM1-05)

A	theoretical
B	morphological
C	species
D	statistical
E	genetic

Question 6

Which of the following cross breeding would most likely produce all types of genotypes? (ID-PEM1-11)

A	Cross bread between AA x aB
B	Cross bread between aa x bb
C	Cross bread between aA x aB
D	Cross bread between AA x BB
E	Cross bread between aA x BB

Question 7

Which of the following statement is correct? (ID-PEM1-07)

A	Complex adaptations often result in distinct phenotype with no intermediate within populations.
B	Discontinuous variation is important for the evolution of complex adaptations.
C	Complex adaptations arise through the accumulation of small random variations.
D	Complex adaptations are often caused by rapid genetic mutations within the dominant allele.
E	Complex adaptions are almost always caused by mixing of two different species or organisms.

Question 8

What is the term used to describe the study of how individual traits are transmitted from one generation to the next? (ID-PEM1-23)

A	Cell biology
B	Analogy
C	Homology
D	Genetics
E	Evolutionary biology
F	Ecology

Question 9

Which of the following scientist laid the foundation for the modern binomial nomenclature? (ID-PEM1-01)

A	Carolus Linnaeus
B	None of the listed answers are correct.
C	Charles Darwin
D	Charles Lyell
E	Gregor Mendel

Question 10

Which of the following describe a proper chain of events that lead to formation of proteins? (ID-PEM1-12)

A	DNA transcription results in mRNAs which are translate into proteins.
B	DNA produces the proteins which later translate into mRNAs.
C	DNA translation results in mRNAs which are transcript into proteins.
D	DNA produces the proteins which later transcript into mRNAs.
E	Nuclear division result in production of DNA which transcript into proteins.

Question 11

According to Darwin's theory of evolution, which of the following statement is correct? (ID-PEM1-24)

A	All individuals have an equal chance of surviving and reproducing.
B	Species are immutable.
C	All of the statements posted here are correct.
D	Tortoises are the modern descendants of glyptodonts.
E	None of the statements posted here are correct.

Question 12

What is the primary function of the hemoglobin protein? (ID-PEM1-30)

A	Breaking down of fats and lipids for energy processing.
B	Transportation of oxygen.
C	Development of complex genetic structures.
D	Production of new blood cells.
E	Encoding of DNA, mRNA and tRNA molecules.

Question 13

The information encoded in ____ determines the structure of proteins in the following way. Inside the nucleus, an ____ copy is made of the original DNA template. Answers are in respective order. (ID-PEM1-29)

A	DNA , mRNA
B	DNA , tRNA
C	tRNA , DNA
D	mRNA , DNA

Question 14

A population of birds is affected by a drought and small seeds are all destroyed. As a result birds with large beaks have an advantage and the mean beak size in the population increases. This is an example of which of the following? (ID-PEM1-33)

A	Disruptive selection
B	Biophysical selection
C	Stabilizing selection
D	Environmental section
E	Directional selection

Question 14 Explanation:

Chapter 1 - Adaptation by Natural Selection

Question 15

A population is undergoing stabilizing selection when... (ID-PEM1-26)

A	there is selection against novel mutants that preserves the existing genotype.
B	females choose who they mate with.
C	selection pressures that favor average phenotypes without altering the mean value of a trait.
D	altruistic acts will be favored by selection if the product of the benefit to the recipient.
E	an evolutionary change occurs as a result of a second selection correlated to that change.
F	there is selection that favors novel genotypes and thus leads to genetic change.

Question 15 Explanation:

Chapter 1 - Adaptation by Natural Selection

Question 16

According to Charles Darwin's theory of adaptation, which of the following limit growth of populations? Choose the best answer. (ID-PEM1-03)

A	Slow and/or poor adaptation to changing environment.
B	Inheritance variation.
C	Slow genetic diversification.
D	Limited environmental resources.
E	Fitness variation.

Question 17

Majority of the shifts in genotypic frequencies are caused by which of following? (ID-PEM1-14)

A	Cellular division
B	Introduction of new species to a region.
C	Abnormal genetic mutations
D	Sexual reproduction
E	Exposure to harmful chemicals and other hazards within the environment.

Question 18

Which of the following is the best example of environmental variation? (ID-PEM1-18)

A	Different speed of swimming within the same the same species of fish in the same pond.
B	Slight variation in skin colour within the same Northern European population of humans.
C	Dramatic differences in distribution of body weight across countries with high GDP and countries with low GDP.
D	People who live in the mountain regions of Himalayas are more adapted to high altitude living than people in Calgary.
E	Two different colours of the peas observed by Mendel during his experiments.

Question 19

The structure of 3 bones in mammalian limbs is an example of... (ID-PEM1-35)

A	a homologous trait.
B	None of the answers are correct.
C	an analogous trait.
D	convergent evolution.

Question 19 Explanation:

Chapter 4 - Speciation and Phylogeny
Chapter 5 - Primate Diversity and Ecology

Question 20

Reproductive isolation occurs most likely as a result of which of the following? (ID-PEM1-22)

A	Mutations in gametes caused by either environmental or biological factors.
B	Population pressures due to rapid growth.
C	Increase in gene flow.
D	Differences in sexual organs.
E	Increased in predatory organisms within an environment.

Question 21

Genetic variability and changes in genotypic frequencies only occurs in sexually reproductive species. (ID-PEM1-17)

A	True
B	False

Question 22

Why is it important to construct phylogenetic trees? (ID-PEM1-31)

A	To understand the mechanism by which new traits evolve
B	To understand why species evolved certain traits
C	All of the answers listed here are correct
D	To understand what species consumed/eat

Question 23

Which of the following is true about biological variation? (ID-PEM1-27)

A	Distribution of heights of people is a good example of discontinuous variation.
B	It is observed that small random variations are insignificant and have no impact on the natural selection.
C	Biological variations can only be studied using genetics because phenotype have too many variables.
D	Fecundity is inversely proportional to frequency of biological variation within a population.
E	Darwin thought that discontinuous variation did not play an important role in evolution.

Question 24

The mating system include all of the following except, (ID-PEM1-19)

A	form of courtship.
B	nurturing behavior.
C	parenting behavior.
D	mating methods.

Question 24 Explanation:

You could argue that nurturing behavior also part of the mating system. However, the textbook definition does not support such a claim.

Question 25

Which of the following is the taxonomic name given to a closely related species who descended fairly recently from a common ancestor? (ID-PEM1-02)

A	Family
B	Species
C	Superfamily
D	Genus
E	Kingdom

Question 26

Which of the two sections are not found in original Linnaean hierarchy? (ID-PEM1-16)

A	Genus and Species
B	Order and Family
C	Phylum and Family
D	Class and Species

Question 27

According to the Mendelian genetics, the breeding of F1 generation will produce which of the following? (ID-PEM1-10)

A	Generation with higher genetic diversity than the parent generation.
B	Much more advanced generation than the parent F1 generation.
C	F0 generation
D	F2 generation
E	Generation with both physical characteristics of the F1 generation parents.

Question 28

Closely related ______ are grouped together into one genus. (ID-PEM1-15)

A	phylas
B	orders
C	genus
D	families
E	species

Question 29

What is the genotypic frequency of genotype AA if 4,000 individuals in a population of 15,000 carries genotype AA? (ID-PEM1-13)

A	3.75
B	0.27
C	1.33
D	15,000
E	4,000

Question 29 Explanation:

Frequency AA = 4,000 / 15,000

Question 30

Which of the following is the correct DNA pair? (ID-PEM1-28)

A	A-G and T-H
B	A-C and T-G
C	A-G and C-T
D	A-H and T-C
E	A-T and C-G

Question 31

Microevolution is highly controlled by which of the following? (ID-PEM1-25)

A	Mutation, natural selection and gene flow
B	Ecological evolution
C	Speciation
D	Mutation, natural and artificial selection and gene flow
E	Molecular evolution occurs through small changes in the molecular or cellular level
F	Only through genetic drift

Question 31 Explanation:

Note: The process of speciation may fall within the purview of either, depending on the forces thought to drive it. In multiple choice exams, you are expected to choose the best answer not good enough answer.

Question 32

The gametes are produced during ____ and cells that contain only one copy of each chromosomes are said to be ____. Answers are in respective order. (ID-PEM1-06)

A	gene mutation , diploid
B	mitosis , diploid
C	sexual reproduction , haploid
D	sexual reproduction , diploid
E	meiosis , haploid

Question 33

Which of the following statement is correct on natural selection? (ID-PEM1-04)

A	It favors better genes over poorly adapted genes within populations.
B	It will only respond to biological pressures and have no influence from environmental and other factors.
C	It always benefits the population.
D	It is the primary driving mechanism for genetic diversification.
E	It operates exclusively on the phenotype of organisms.

Question 34

Which of the following statement is correct? (ID-PEM1-21)

A	Some primates do not have vertebrates.
B	Insects have compound eyes.
C	Early primates produced their offspring through fertilized eggs outside of their bodies (like birds).
D	Humans and most vertebrates have compound eyes.
E	Arboreal primates are exclusively meat eaters.

Question 35

The modern synthesis refers to the combination of... (ID-PEM1-34)

A	modern genetics and Darwinism.
B	Mendelian and blending inheritance.
C	anthropology and biology.
D	Mendelian and modern biology.
E	modern anthropology with animal behavior.

Question 35 Explanation:

Chapter 3: The Modern Synthesis

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, TBA during Winter 2013 and textbook ISBN-978-0-393-93271-3. This version has been updated on between September and December 2015.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Anthropology 201-University of Calgary

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Anthropology 201 (ANTH 201-UCAL) Midterm Exam I

Standing on the shoulders of giants

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Anthropology 201 (ANTH 201-UCAL) Midterm Exam I

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Standing on the shoulders of giants