Anthropology 201 – Introduction to Primatology and Human Evolution. The Midterm I only covers materials from Chapter 1 to 4. The subjects include Adaptation by Natural Selection, Genetics, Modern Synthesis and Speciation and Phylogeny. Spending on your professor and class number, some or all questions may or may not appear on your exam.

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Anthropology 201 (ANTH 201-UCAL) Midterm Exam I

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Most Anthropology 201 exams are multiple choice. Click Start to begin.

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Question 1

According to Charles Darwin's theory of adaptation, which of the following limit growth of populations? Choose the best answer. (ID-PEM1-03)

A	Inheritance variation.
B	Limited environmental resources.
C	Slow and/or poor adaptation to changing environment.
D	Slow genetic diversification.
E	Fitness variation.

Question 2

A population is undergoing stabilizing selection when... (ID-PEM1-26)

A	there is selection that favors novel genotypes and thus leads to genetic change.
B	there is selection against novel mutants that preserves the existing genotype.
C	females choose who they mate with.
D	selection pressures that favor average phenotypes without altering the mean value of a trait.
E	altruistic acts will be favored by selection if the product of the benefit to the recipient.
F	an evolutionary change occurs as a result of a second selection correlated to that change.

Question 2 Explanation:

Chapter 1 - Adaptation by Natural Selection

Question 3

Which of the following describe a proper chain of events that lead to formation of proteins? (ID-PEM1-12)

A	Nuclear division result in production of DNA which transcript into proteins.
B	DNA produces the proteins which later transcript into mRNAs.
C	DNA transcription results in mRNAs which are translate into proteins.
D	DNA produces the proteins which later translate into mRNAs.
E	DNA translation results in mRNAs which are transcript into proteins.

Question 4

Which of the following cross breeding would most likely produce all types of genotypes? (ID-PEM1-11)

A	Cross bread between aa x bb
B	Cross bread between aA x aB
C	Cross bread between AA x BB
D	Cross bread between aA x BB
E	Cross bread between AA x aB

Question 5

According to the Mendelian genetics, the breeding of F1 generation will produce which of the following? (ID-PEM1-10)

A	Generation with higher genetic diversity than the parent generation.
B	F0 generation
C	Generation with both physical characteristics of the F1 generation parents.
D	F2 generation
E	Much more advanced generation than the parent F1 generation.

Question 6

What is the genotypic frequency of genotype AA if 4,000 individuals in a population of 15,000 carries genotype AA? (ID-PEM1-13)

A	4,000
B	3.75
C	15,000
D	0.27
E	1.33

Question 6 Explanation:

Frequency AA = 4,000 / 15,000

Question 7

What is the best description of genes? (ID-PEM1-09)

A	A segment of the chromosome that produces a recognizable effect on phenotype and segregates as a unit during gamete formation.
B	The fraction of the chromosome at a genetic locus that are a particular allele, which can result in different phenotype.
C	A segment of the DNA in eukaryotes that is translated into protein.
D	A linear body in the cell nucleus and appears during cell division.

Question 8

Evolution of similar adaptations in unrelated species is known as... (ID-PEM1-08)

A	heritability.
B	homology.
C	convergence.
D	hominoid effect.
E	divergence.

Question 9

Which of the two sections are not found in original Linnaean hierarchy? (ID-PEM1-16)

A	Phylum and Family
B	Order and Family
C	Genus and Species
D	Class and Species

Question 10

Which of the following is the taxonomic name given to a closely related species who descended fairly recently from a common ancestor? (ID-PEM1-02)

A	Genus
B	Kingdom
C	Superfamily
D	Family
E	Species

Question 11

According to Darwin's theory of evolution, which of the following statement is correct? (ID-PEM1-24)

A	All of the statements posted here are correct.
B	Tortoises are the modern descendants of glyptodonts.
C	All individuals have an equal chance of surviving and reproducing.
D	Species are immutable.
E	None of the statements posted here are correct.

Question 12

The information encoded in ____ determines the structure of proteins in the following way. Inside the nucleus, an ____ copy is made of the original DNA template. Answers are in respective order. (ID-PEM1-29)

A	mRNA , DNA
B	DNA , mRNA
C	tRNA , DNA
D	DNA , tRNA

Question 13

Which of the following statement is correct? (ID-PEM1-21)

A	Early primates produced their offspring through fertilized eggs outside of their bodies (like birds).
B	Humans and most vertebrates have compound eyes.
C	Arboreal primates are exclusively meat eaters.
D	Some primates do not have vertebrates.
E	Insects have compound eyes.

Question 14

Majority of the shifts in genotypic frequencies are caused by which of following? (ID-PEM1-14)

A	Abnormal genetic mutations
B	Cellular division
C	Sexual reproduction
D	Introduction of new species to a region.
E	Exposure to harmful chemicals and other hazards within the environment.

Question 15

Which of the following is the best example of environmental variation? (ID-PEM1-18)

A	Dramatic differences in distribution of body weight across countries with high GDP and countries with low GDP.
B	Slight variation in skin colour within the same Northern European population of humans.
C	Two different colours of the peas observed by Mendel during his experiments.
D	People who live in the mountain regions of Himalayas are more adapted to high altitude living than people in Calgary.
E	Different speed of swimming within the same the same species of fish in the same pond.

Question 16

What is the primary function of the hemoglobin protein? (ID-PEM1-30)

A	Breaking down of fats and lipids for energy processing.
B	Encoding of DNA, mRNA and tRNA molecules.
C	Production of new blood cells.
D	Transportation of oxygen.
E	Development of complex genetic structures.

Question 17

The observation that birds with certain beak type most likely to survive and reproduce can be best described as a ____ observation. (ID-PEM1-05)

A	statistical
B	morphological
C	theoretical
D	genetic
E	species

Question 18

A population of birds is affected by a drought and small seeds are all destroyed. As a result birds with large beaks have an advantage and the mean beak size in the population increases. This is an example of which of the following? (ID-PEM1-33)

A	Directional selection
B	Biophysical selection
C	Environmental section
D	Stabilizing selection
E	Disruptive selection

Question 18 Explanation:

Chapter 1 - Adaptation by Natural Selection

Question 19

The gametes are produced during ____ and cells that contain only one copy of each chromosomes are said to be ____. Answers are in respective order. (ID-PEM1-06)

A	meiosis , haploid
B	gene mutation , diploid
C	sexual reproduction , haploid
D	sexual reproduction , diploid
E	mitosis , diploid

Question 20

A small German religious sect called Dunkers has few hundred individuals and the population never got bigger. As a result, the MN blood grouos were at different levels compared to the general population of Germany. This is an example of what biological/genetic process? (ID-PEM1-32)

A	Macroevolution
B	Genetic drift
C	Natural selection
D	Mutation

Question 21

Which of the following statement is correct on natural selection? (ID-PEM1-04)

A	It will only respond to biological pressures and have no influence from environmental and other factors.
B	It is the primary driving mechanism for genetic diversification.
C	It always benefits the population.
D	It favors better genes over poorly adapted genes within populations.
E	It operates exclusively on the phenotype of organisms.

Question 22

The mating system include all of the following except, (ID-PEM1-19)

A	mating methods.
B	parenting behavior.
C	form of courtship.
D	nurturing behavior.

Question 22 Explanation:

You could argue that nurturing behavior also part of the mating system. However, the textbook definition does not support such a claim.

Question 23

The structure of 3 bones in mammalian limbs is an example of... (ID-PEM1-35)

A	a homologous trait.
B	convergent evolution.
C	an analogous trait.
D	None of the answers are correct.

Question 23 Explanation:

Chapter 4 - Speciation and Phylogeny
Chapter 5 - Primate Diversity and Ecology

Question 24

Which of the following is the correct DNA pair? (ID-PEM1-28)

A	A-H and T-C
B	A-G and C-T
C	A-C and T-G
D	A-G and T-H
E	A-T and C-G

Question 25

Microevolution is highly controlled by which of the following? (ID-PEM1-25)

A	Mutation, natural selection and gene flow
B	Only through genetic drift
C	Speciation
D	Mutation, natural and artificial selection and gene flow
E	Ecological evolution
F	Molecular evolution occurs through small changes in the molecular or cellular level

Question 25 Explanation:

Note: The process of speciation may fall within the purview of either, depending on the forces thought to drive it. In multiple choice exams, you are expected to choose the best answer not good enough answer.

Question 26

The modern synthesis refers to the combination of... (ID-PEM1-34)

A	anthropology and biology.
B	modern anthropology with animal behavior.
C	Mendelian and modern biology.
D	modern genetics and Darwinism.
E	Mendelian and blending inheritance.

Question 26 Explanation:

Chapter 3: The Modern Synthesis

Question 27

What is comparative method? (ID-PEM1-20)

A	A method for establishing the function of a phenotypic trait by comparing different species.
B	A method for establishing the function of a genetic and phenotypic trait by comparing different species.
C	A method for establishing relationships between different species using statistical analysis of historical evolutionary changes.
D	A method for establishing the function of a genetic trait by comparing different species.
E	None of the answers posted here are correct.

Question 28

What is the term used to describe the study of how individual traits are transmitted from one generation to the next? (ID-PEM1-23)

A	Evolutionary biology
B	Homology
C	Genetics
D	Analogy
E	Ecology
F	Cell biology

Question 29

Which of the following statement is correct? (ID-PEM1-07)

A	Complex adaptations are often caused by rapid genetic mutations within the dominant allele.
B	Complex adaptions are almost always caused by mixing of two different species or organisms.
C	Complex adaptations often result in distinct phenotype with no intermediate within populations.
D	Discontinuous variation is important for the evolution of complex adaptations.
E	Complex adaptations arise through the accumulation of small random variations.

Question 30

Why is it important to construct phylogenetic trees? (ID-PEM1-31)

A	All of the answers listed here are correct
B	To understand what species consumed/eat
C	To understand why species evolved certain traits
D	To understand the mechanism by which new traits evolve

Question 31

Reproductive isolation occurs most likely as a result of which of the following? (ID-PEM1-22)

A	Increased in predatory organisms within an environment.
B	Increase in gene flow.
C	Mutations in gametes caused by either environmental or biological factors.
D	Population pressures due to rapid growth.
E	Differences in sexual organs.

Question 32

Which of the following is true about biological variation? (ID-PEM1-27)

A	It is observed that small random variations are insignificant and have no impact on the natural selection.
B	Distribution of heights of people is a good example of discontinuous variation.
C	Darwin thought that discontinuous variation did not play an important role in evolution.
D	Biological variations can only be studied using genetics because phenotype have too many variables.
E	Fecundity is inversely proportional to frequency of biological variation within a population.

Question 33

Genetic variability and changes in genotypic frequencies only occurs in sexually reproductive species. (ID-PEM1-17)

A	True
B	False

Question 34

Closely related ______ are grouped together into one genus. (ID-PEM1-15)

A	species
B	genus
C	phylas
D	orders
E	families

Question 35

Which of the following scientist laid the foundation for the modern binomial nomenclature? (ID-PEM1-01)

A	None of the listed answers are correct.
B	Gregor Mendel
C	Carolus Linnaeus
D	Charles Darwin
E	Charles Lyell

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, TBA during Winter 2013 and textbook ISBN-978-0-393-93271-3. This version has been updated on between September and December 2015.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Anthropology 201-University of Calgary

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Anthropology 201 (ANTH 201-UCAL) Midterm Exam I

Standing on the shoulders of giants

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Anthropology 201 (ANTH 201-UCAL) Midterm Exam I

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Standing on the shoulders of giants