Anthropology 201 – Introduction to Primatology and Human Evolution. The Midterm I only covers materials from Chapter 1 to 4. The subjects include Adaptation by Natural Selection, Genetics, Modern Synthesis and Speciation and Phylogeny. Spending on your professor and class number, some or all questions may or may not appear on your exam.

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Anthropology 201 (ANTH 201-UCAL) Midterm Exam I

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Most Anthropology 201 exams are multiple choice. Click Start to begin.

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Question 1

The mating system include all of the following except, (ID-PEM1-19)

A	mating methods.
B	parenting behavior.
C	nurturing behavior.
D	form of courtship.

Question 1 Explanation:

You could argue that nurturing behavior also part of the mating system. However, the textbook definition does not support such a claim.

Question 2

Evolution of similar adaptations in unrelated species is known as... (ID-PEM1-08)

A	divergence.
B	hominoid effect.
C	heritability.
D	convergence.
E	homology.

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct DNA pair? (ID-PEM1-28)

A	A-T and C-G
B	A-H and T-C
C	A-C and T-G
D	A-G and C-T
E	A-G and T-H

Question 4

Which of the following is true about biological variation? (ID-PEM1-27)

A	Biological variations can only be studied using genetics because phenotype have too many variables.
B	Fecundity is inversely proportional to frequency of biological variation within a population.
C	Distribution of heights of people is a good example of discontinuous variation.
D	Darwin thought that discontinuous variation did not play an important role in evolution.
E	It is observed that small random variations are insignificant and have no impact on the natural selection.

Question 5

Which of the following statement is correct? (ID-PEM1-07)

A	Complex adaptions are almost always caused by mixing of two different species or organisms.
B	Complex adaptations are often caused by rapid genetic mutations within the dominant allele.
C	Complex adaptations arise through the accumulation of small random variations.
D	Complex adaptations often result in distinct phenotype with no intermediate within populations.
E	Discontinuous variation is important for the evolution of complex adaptations.

Question 6

Which of the following is the taxonomic name given to a closely related species who descended fairly recently from a common ancestor? (ID-PEM1-02)

A	Species
B	Superfamily
C	Family
D	Genus
E	Kingdom

Question 7

What is comparative method? (ID-PEM1-20)

A	None of the answers posted here are correct.
B	A method for establishing the function of a genetic trait by comparing different species.
C	A method for establishing the function of a genetic and phenotypic trait by comparing different species.
D	A method for establishing relationships between different species using statistical analysis of historical evolutionary changes.
E	A method for establishing the function of a phenotypic trait by comparing different species.

Question 8

A population of birds is affected by a drought and small seeds are all destroyed. As a result birds with large beaks have an advantage and the mean beak size in the population increases. This is an example of which of the following? (ID-PEM1-33)

A	Disruptive selection
B	Directional selection
C	Stabilizing selection
D	Biophysical selection
E	Environmental section

Question 8 Explanation:

Chapter 1 - Adaptation by Natural Selection

Question 9

The modern synthesis refers to the combination of... (ID-PEM1-34)

A	modern genetics and Darwinism.
B	Mendelian and modern biology.
C	modern anthropology with animal behavior.
D	anthropology and biology.
E	Mendelian and blending inheritance.

Question 9 Explanation:

Chapter 3: The Modern Synthesis

Question 10

According to Charles Darwin's theory of adaptation, which of the following limit growth of populations? Choose the best answer. (ID-PEM1-03)

A	Inheritance variation.
B	Limited environmental resources.
C	Fitness variation.
D	Slow genetic diversification.
E	Slow and/or poor adaptation to changing environment.

Question 11

Majority of the shifts in genotypic frequencies are caused by which of following? (ID-PEM1-14)

A	Cellular division
B	Exposure to harmful chemicals and other hazards within the environment.
C	Abnormal genetic mutations
D	Sexual reproduction
E	Introduction of new species to a region.

Question 12

According to Darwin's theory of evolution, which of the following statement is correct? (ID-PEM1-24)

A	All individuals have an equal chance of surviving and reproducing.
B	Tortoises are the modern descendants of glyptodonts.
C	None of the statements posted here are correct.
D	All of the statements posted here are correct.
E	Species are immutable.

Question 13

What is the primary function of the hemoglobin protein? (ID-PEM1-30)

A	Production of new blood cells.
B	Encoding of DNA, mRNA and tRNA molecules.
C	Breaking down of fats and lipids for energy processing.
D	Development of complex genetic structures.
E	Transportation of oxygen.

Question 14

Which of the following describe a proper chain of events that lead to formation of proteins? (ID-PEM1-12)

A	DNA produces the proteins which later translate into mRNAs.
B	Nuclear division result in production of DNA which transcript into proteins.
C	DNA transcription results in mRNAs which are translate into proteins.
D	DNA produces the proteins which later transcript into mRNAs.
E	DNA translation results in mRNAs which are transcript into proteins.

Question 15

Genetic variability and changes in genotypic frequencies only occurs in sexually reproductive species. (ID-PEM1-17)

A	False
B	True

Question 16

Reproductive isolation occurs most likely as a result of which of the following? (ID-PEM1-22)

A	Mutations in gametes caused by either environmental or biological factors.
B	Differences in sexual organs.
C	Population pressures due to rapid growth.
D	Increase in gene flow.
E	Increased in predatory organisms within an environment.

Question 17

The observation that birds with certain beak type most likely to survive and reproduce can be best described as a ____ observation. (ID-PEM1-05)

A	theoretical
B	species
C	morphological
D	statistical
E	genetic

Question 18

The structure of 3 bones in mammalian limbs is an example of... (ID-PEM1-35)

A	an analogous trait.
B	convergent evolution.
C	a homologous trait.
D	None of the answers are correct.

Question 18 Explanation:

Chapter 4 - Speciation and Phylogeny
Chapter 5 - Primate Diversity and Ecology

Question 19

According to the Mendelian genetics, the breeding of F1 generation will produce which of the following? (ID-PEM1-10)

A	Generation with both physical characteristics of the F1 generation parents.
B	Much more advanced generation than the parent F1 generation.
C	Generation with higher genetic diversity than the parent generation.
D	F0 generation
E	F2 generation

Question 20

A small German religious sect called Dunkers has few hundred individuals and the population never got bigger. As a result, the MN blood grouos were at different levels compared to the general population of Germany. This is an example of what biological/genetic process? (ID-PEM1-32)

A	Mutation
B	Macroevolution
C	Natural selection
D	Genetic drift

Question 21

Which of the following cross breeding would most likely produce all types of genotypes? (ID-PEM1-11)

A	Cross bread between AA x aB
B	Cross bread between aA x aB
C	Cross bread between aA x BB
D	Cross bread between AA x BB
E	Cross bread between aa x bb

Question 22

Which of the following is the best example of environmental variation? (ID-PEM1-18)

A	Dramatic differences in distribution of body weight across countries with high GDP and countries with low GDP.
B	Two different colours of the peas observed by Mendel during his experiments.
C	People who live in the mountain regions of Himalayas are more adapted to high altitude living than people in Calgary.
D	Different speed of swimming within the same the same species of fish in the same pond.
E	Slight variation in skin colour within the same Northern European population of humans.

Question 23

What is the best description of genes? (ID-PEM1-09)

A	A segment of the chromosome that produces a recognizable effect on phenotype and segregates as a unit during gamete formation.
B	A segment of the DNA in eukaryotes that is translated into protein.
C	The fraction of the chromosome at a genetic locus that are a particular allele, which can result in different phenotype.
D	A linear body in the cell nucleus and appears during cell division.

Question 24

Microevolution is highly controlled by which of the following? (ID-PEM1-25)

A	Mutation, natural and artificial selection and gene flow
B	Mutation, natural selection and gene flow
C	Only through genetic drift
D	Molecular evolution occurs through small changes in the molecular or cellular level
E	Speciation
F	Ecological evolution

Question 24 Explanation:

Note: The process of speciation may fall within the purview of either, depending on the forces thought to drive it. In multiple choice exams, you are expected to choose the best answer not good enough answer.

Question 25

Which of the following statement is correct? (ID-PEM1-21)

A	Some primates do not have vertebrates.
B	Insects have compound eyes.
C	Early primates produced their offspring through fertilized eggs outside of their bodies (like birds).
D	Arboreal primates are exclusively meat eaters.
E	Humans and most vertebrates have compound eyes.

Question 26

What is the genotypic frequency of genotype AA if 4,000 individuals in a population of 15,000 carries genotype AA? (ID-PEM1-13)

A	1.33
B	3.75
C	15,000
D	4,000
E	0.27

Question 26 Explanation:

Frequency AA = 4,000 / 15,000

Question 27

Which of the two sections are not found in original Linnaean hierarchy? (ID-PEM1-16)

A	Phylum and Family
B	Order and Family
C	Class and Species
D	Genus and Species

Question 28

Which of the following scientist laid the foundation for the modern binomial nomenclature? (ID-PEM1-01)

A	Carolus Linnaeus
B	Charles Darwin
C	Charles Lyell
D	None of the listed answers are correct.
E	Gregor Mendel

Question 29

Which of the following statement is correct on natural selection? (ID-PEM1-04)

A	It will only respond to biological pressures and have no influence from environmental and other factors.
B	It favors better genes over poorly adapted genes within populations.
C	It always benefits the population.
D	It operates exclusively on the phenotype of organisms.
E	It is the primary driving mechanism for genetic diversification.

Question 30

A population is undergoing stabilizing selection when... (ID-PEM1-26)

A	altruistic acts will be favored by selection if the product of the benefit to the recipient.
B	there is selection that favors novel genotypes and thus leads to genetic change.
C	there is selection against novel mutants that preserves the existing genotype.
D	an evolutionary change occurs as a result of a second selection correlated to that change.
E	selection pressures that favor average phenotypes without altering the mean value of a trait.
F	females choose who they mate with.

Question 30 Explanation:

Chapter 1 - Adaptation by Natural Selection

Question 31

The information encoded in ____ determines the structure of proteins in the following way. Inside the nucleus, an ____ copy is made of the original DNA template. Answers are in respective order. (ID-PEM1-29)

A	DNA , mRNA
B	mRNA , DNA
C	tRNA , DNA
D	DNA , tRNA

Question 32

Why is it important to construct phylogenetic trees? (ID-PEM1-31)

A	To understand why species evolved certain traits
B	To understand the mechanism by which new traits evolve
C	All of the answers listed here are correct
D	To understand what species consumed/eat

Question 33

The gametes are produced during ____ and cells that contain only one copy of each chromosomes are said to be ____. Answers are in respective order. (ID-PEM1-06)

A	sexual reproduction , haploid
B	mitosis , diploid
C	sexual reproduction , diploid
D	gene mutation , diploid
E	meiosis , haploid

Question 34

What is the term used to describe the study of how individual traits are transmitted from one generation to the next? (ID-PEM1-23)

A	Genetics
B	Evolutionary biology
C	Ecology
D	Homology
E	Cell biology
F	Analogy

Question 35

Closely related ______ are grouped together into one genus. (ID-PEM1-15)

A	families
B	phylas
C	genus
D	orders
E	species

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, TBA during Winter 2013 and textbook ISBN-978-0-393-93271-3. This version has been updated on between September and December 2015.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Anthropology 201-University of Calgary

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Anthropology 201 (ANTH 201-UCAL) Midterm Exam I

Standing on the shoulders of giants

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Anthropology 201 (ANTH 201-UCAL) Midterm Exam I

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Standing on the shoulders of giants