Anthropology 201 – Introduction to Primatology and Human Evolution. The Midterm I only covers materials from Chapter 1 to 4. The subjects include Adaptation by Natural Selection, Genetics, Modern Synthesis and Speciation and Phylogeny. Spending on your professor and class number, some or all questions may or may not appear on your exam.

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Anthropology 201 (ANTH 201-UCAL) Midterm Exam I

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Most Anthropology 201 exams are multiple choice. Click Start to begin.

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Question 1

Genetic variability and changes in genotypic frequencies only occurs in sexually reproductive species. (ID-PEM1-17)

A	False
B	True

Question 2

What is the primary function of the hemoglobin protein? (ID-PEM1-30)

A	Transportation of oxygen.
B	Production of new blood cells.
C	Encoding of DNA, mRNA and tRNA molecules.
D	Breaking down of fats and lipids for energy processing.
E	Development of complex genetic structures.

Question 3

Which of the following scientist laid the foundation for the modern binomial nomenclature? (ID-PEM1-01)

A	Charles Darwin
B	Charles Lyell
C	Carolus Linnaeus
D	None of the listed answers are correct.
E	Gregor Mendel

Question 4

Which of the two sections are not found in original Linnaean hierarchy? (ID-PEM1-16)

A	Order and Family
B	Genus and Species
C	Class and Species
D	Phylum and Family

Question 5

Closely related ______ are grouped together into one genus. (ID-PEM1-15)

A	families
B	species
C	orders
D	phylas
E	genus

Question 6

Evolution of similar adaptations in unrelated species is known as... (ID-PEM1-08)

A	hominoid effect.
B	homology.
C	heritability.
D	divergence.
E	convergence.

Question 7

What is the best description of genes? (ID-PEM1-09)

A	A segment of the chromosome that produces a recognizable effect on phenotype and segregates as a unit during gamete formation.
B	A linear body in the cell nucleus and appears during cell division.
C	A segment of the DNA in eukaryotes that is translated into protein.
D	The fraction of the chromosome at a genetic locus that are a particular allele, which can result in different phenotype.

Question 8

Majority of the shifts in genotypic frequencies are caused by which of following? (ID-PEM1-14)

A	Sexual reproduction
B	Exposure to harmful chemicals and other hazards within the environment.
C	Cellular division
D	Abnormal genetic mutations
E	Introduction of new species to a region.

Question 9

Reproductive isolation occurs most likely as a result of which of the following? (ID-PEM1-22)

A	Mutations in gametes caused by either environmental or biological factors.
B	Increase in gene flow.
C	Population pressures due to rapid growth.
D	Differences in sexual organs.
E	Increased in predatory organisms within an environment.

Question 10

Microevolution is highly controlled by which of the following? (ID-PEM1-25)

A	Molecular evolution occurs through small changes in the molecular or cellular level
B	Speciation
C	Mutation, natural selection and gene flow
D	Only through genetic drift
E	Mutation, natural and artificial selection and gene flow
F	Ecological evolution

Question 10 Explanation:

Note: The process of speciation may fall within the purview of either, depending on the forces thought to drive it. In multiple choice exams, you are expected to choose the best answer not good enough answer.

Question 11

The modern synthesis refers to the combination of... (ID-PEM1-34)

A	Mendelian and blending inheritance.
B	modern genetics and Darwinism.
C	Mendelian and modern biology.
D	anthropology and biology.
E	modern anthropology with animal behavior.

Question 11 Explanation:

Chapter 3: The Modern Synthesis

Question 12

According to the Mendelian genetics, the breeding of F1 generation will produce which of the following? (ID-PEM1-10)

A	F2 generation
B	Generation with both physical characteristics of the F1 generation parents.
C	Generation with higher genetic diversity than the parent generation.
D	Much more advanced generation than the parent F1 generation.
E	F0 generation

Question 13

A population of birds is affected by a drought and small seeds are all destroyed. As a result birds with large beaks have an advantage and the mean beak size in the population increases. This is an example of which of the following? (ID-PEM1-33)

A	Environmental section
B	Directional selection
C	Stabilizing selection
D	Disruptive selection
E	Biophysical selection

Question 13 Explanation:

Chapter 1 - Adaptation by Natural Selection

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct DNA pair? (ID-PEM1-28)

A	A-C and T-G
B	A-G and C-T
C	A-H and T-C
D	A-G and T-H
E	A-T and C-G

Question 15

According to Darwin's theory of evolution, which of the following statement is correct? (ID-PEM1-24)

A	Species are immutable.
B	Tortoises are the modern descendants of glyptodonts.
C	All individuals have an equal chance of surviving and reproducing.
D	None of the statements posted here are correct.
E	All of the statements posted here are correct.

Question 16

Which of the following cross breeding would most likely produce all types of genotypes? (ID-PEM1-11)

A	Cross bread between AA x BB
B	Cross bread between AA x aB
C	Cross bread between aa x bb
D	Cross bread between aA x aB
E	Cross bread between aA x BB

Question 17

The mating system include all of the following except, (ID-PEM1-19)

A	mating methods.
B	parenting behavior.
C	nurturing behavior.
D	form of courtship.

Question 17 Explanation:

You could argue that nurturing behavior also part of the mating system. However, the textbook definition does not support such a claim.

Question 18

Which of the following statement is correct? (ID-PEM1-07)

A	Complex adaptations are often caused by rapid genetic mutations within the dominant allele.
B	Complex adaptions are almost always caused by mixing of two different species or organisms.
C	Complex adaptations arise through the accumulation of small random variations.
D	Discontinuous variation is important for the evolution of complex adaptations.
E	Complex adaptations often result in distinct phenotype with no intermediate within populations.

Question 19

The gametes are produced during ____ and cells that contain only one copy of each chromosomes are said to be ____. Answers are in respective order. (ID-PEM1-06)

A	sexual reproduction , haploid
B	mitosis , diploid
C	sexual reproduction , diploid
D	meiosis , haploid
E	gene mutation , diploid

Question 20

A small German religious sect called Dunkers has few hundred individuals and the population never got bigger. As a result, the MN blood grouos were at different levels compared to the general population of Germany. This is an example of what biological/genetic process? (ID-PEM1-32)

A	Natural selection
B	Mutation
C	Genetic drift
D	Macroevolution

Question 21

What is the genotypic frequency of genotype AA if 4,000 individuals in a population of 15,000 carries genotype AA? (ID-PEM1-13)

A	3.75
B	0.27
C	15,000
D	4,000
E	1.33

Question 21 Explanation:

Frequency AA = 4,000 / 15,000

Question 22

Which of the following describe a proper chain of events that lead to formation of proteins? (ID-PEM1-12)

A	Nuclear division result in production of DNA which transcript into proteins.
B	DNA translation results in mRNAs which are transcript into proteins.
C	DNA produces the proteins which later translate into mRNAs.
D	DNA produces the proteins which later transcript into mRNAs.
E	DNA transcription results in mRNAs which are translate into proteins.

Question 23

The information encoded in ____ determines the structure of proteins in the following way. Inside the nucleus, an ____ copy is made of the original DNA template. Answers are in respective order. (ID-PEM1-29)

A	mRNA , DNA
B	DNA , mRNA
C	tRNA , DNA
D	DNA , tRNA

Question 24

Which of the following is the best example of environmental variation? (ID-PEM1-18)

A	People who live in the mountain regions of Himalayas are more adapted to high altitude living than people in Calgary.
B	Different speed of swimming within the same the same species of fish in the same pond.
C	Two different colours of the peas observed by Mendel during his experiments.
D	Dramatic differences in distribution of body weight across countries with high GDP and countries with low GDP.
E	Slight variation in skin colour within the same Northern European population of humans.

Question 25

A population is undergoing stabilizing selection when... (ID-PEM1-26)

A	there is selection against novel mutants that preserves the existing genotype.
B	females choose who they mate with.
C	an evolutionary change occurs as a result of a second selection correlated to that change.
D	selection pressures that favor average phenotypes without altering the mean value of a trait.
E	there is selection that favors novel genotypes and thus leads to genetic change.
F	altruistic acts will be favored by selection if the product of the benefit to the recipient.

Question 25 Explanation:

Chapter 1 - Adaptation by Natural Selection

Question 26

The structure of 3 bones in mammalian limbs is an example of... (ID-PEM1-35)

A	None of the answers are correct.
B	convergent evolution.
C	a homologous trait.
D	an analogous trait.

Question 26 Explanation:

Chapter 4 - Speciation and Phylogeny
Chapter 5 - Primate Diversity and Ecology

Question 27

Which of the following is the taxonomic name given to a closely related species who descended fairly recently from a common ancestor? (ID-PEM1-02)

A	Superfamily
B	Family
C	Species
D	Kingdom
E	Genus

Question 28

Which of the following statement is correct? (ID-PEM1-21)

A	Some primates do not have vertebrates.
B	Insects have compound eyes.
C	Arboreal primates are exclusively meat eaters.
D	Early primates produced their offspring through fertilized eggs outside of their bodies (like birds).
E	Humans and most vertebrates have compound eyes.

Question 29

According to Charles Darwin's theory of adaptation, which of the following limit growth of populations? Choose the best answer. (ID-PEM1-03)

A	Limited environmental resources.
B	Slow genetic diversification.
C	Slow and/or poor adaptation to changing environment.
D	Inheritance variation.
E	Fitness variation.

Question 30

The observation that birds with certain beak type most likely to survive and reproduce can be best described as a ____ observation. (ID-PEM1-05)

A	statistical
B	theoretical
C	morphological
D	species
E	genetic

Question 31

What is the term used to describe the study of how individual traits are transmitted from one generation to the next? (ID-PEM1-23)

A	Cell biology
B	Evolutionary biology
C	Genetics
D	Ecology
E	Homology
F	Analogy

Question 32

Which of the following statement is correct on natural selection? (ID-PEM1-04)

A	It always benefits the population.
B	It is the primary driving mechanism for genetic diversification.
C	It favors better genes over poorly adapted genes within populations.
D	It will only respond to biological pressures and have no influence from environmental and other factors.
E	It operates exclusively on the phenotype of organisms.

Question 33

What is comparative method? (ID-PEM1-20)

A	A method for establishing the function of a genetic and phenotypic trait by comparing different species.
B	A method for establishing relationships between different species using statistical analysis of historical evolutionary changes.
C	A method for establishing the function of a genetic trait by comparing different species.
D	A method for establishing the function of a phenotypic trait by comparing different species.
E	None of the answers posted here are correct.

Question 34

Why is it important to construct phylogenetic trees? (ID-PEM1-31)

A	To understand the mechanism by which new traits evolve
B	All of the answers listed here are correct
C	To understand why species evolved certain traits
D	To understand what species consumed/eat

Question 35

Which of the following is true about biological variation? (ID-PEM1-27)

A	Darwin thought that discontinuous variation did not play an important role in evolution.
B	It is observed that small random variations are insignificant and have no impact on the natural selection.
C	Biological variations can only be studied using genetics because phenotype have too many variables.
D	Distribution of heights of people is a good example of discontinuous variation.
E	Fecundity is inversely proportional to frequency of biological variation within a population.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, TBA during Winter 2013 and textbook ISBN-978-0-393-93271-3. This version has been updated on between September and December 2015.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Anthropology 201-University of Calgary

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Anthropology 201 (ANTH 201-UCAL) Midterm Exam I

Standing on the shoulders of giants

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Anthropology 201 (ANTH 201-UCAL) Midterm Exam I

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Standing on the shoulders of giants