Anthropology 201 – Introduction to Primatology and Human Evolution. The Midterm I only covers materials from Chapter 1 to 4. The subjects include Adaptation by Natural Selection, Genetics, Modern Synthesis and Speciation and Phylogeny. Spending on your professor and class number, some or all questions may or may not appear on your exam.

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Anthropology 201 (ANTH 201-UCAL) Midterm Exam I

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Most Anthropology 201 exams are multiple choice. Click Start to begin.

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Question 1

Which of the following scientist laid the foundation for the modern binomial nomenclature? (ID-PEM1-01)

A	Charles Lyell
B	Charles Darwin
C	None of the listed answers are correct.
D	Gregor Mendel
E	Carolus Linnaeus

Question 2

The observation that birds with certain beak type most likely to survive and reproduce can be best described as a ____ observation. (ID-PEM1-05)

A	statistical
B	genetic
C	species
D	theoretical
E	morphological

Question 3

Which of the two sections are not found in original Linnaean hierarchy? (ID-PEM1-16)

A	Phylum and Family
B	Order and Family
C	Genus and Species
D	Class and Species

Question 4

Which of the following is the best example of environmental variation? (ID-PEM1-18)

A	Dramatic differences in distribution of body weight across countries with high GDP and countries with low GDP.
B	Two different colours of the peas observed by Mendel during his experiments.
C	People who live in the mountain regions of Himalayas are more adapted to high altitude living than people in Calgary.
D	Different speed of swimming within the same the same species of fish in the same pond.
E	Slight variation in skin colour within the same Northern European population of humans.

Question 5

The structure of 3 bones in mammalian limbs is an example of... (ID-PEM1-35)

A	an analogous trait.
B	convergent evolution.
C	None of the answers are correct.
D	a homologous trait.

Question 5 Explanation:

Chapter 4 - Speciation and Phylogeny
Chapter 5 - Primate Diversity and Ecology

Question 6

Reproductive isolation occurs most likely as a result of which of the following? (ID-PEM1-22)

A	Population pressures due to rapid growth.
B	Increase in gene flow.
C	Increased in predatory organisms within an environment.
D	Mutations in gametes caused by either environmental or biological factors.
E	Differences in sexual organs.

Question 7

According to the Mendelian genetics, the breeding of F1 generation will produce which of the following? (ID-PEM1-10)

A	F2 generation
B	Generation with higher genetic diversity than the parent generation.
C	Much more advanced generation than the parent F1 generation.
D	Generation with both physical characteristics of the F1 generation parents.
E	F0 generation

Question 8

What is the best description of genes? (ID-PEM1-09)

A	A segment of the chromosome that produces a recognizable effect on phenotype and segregates as a unit during gamete formation.
B	A linear body in the cell nucleus and appears during cell division.
C	The fraction of the chromosome at a genetic locus that are a particular allele, which can result in different phenotype.
D	A segment of the DNA in eukaryotes that is translated into protein.

Question 9

The gametes are produced during ____ and cells that contain only one copy of each chromosomes are said to be ____. Answers are in respective order. (ID-PEM1-06)

A	sexual reproduction , diploid
B	meiosis , haploid
C	mitosis , diploid
D	gene mutation , diploid
E	sexual reproduction , haploid

Question 10

Which of the following statement is correct on natural selection? (ID-PEM1-04)

A	It operates exclusively on the phenotype of organisms.
B	It is the primary driving mechanism for genetic diversification.
C	It always benefits the population.
D	It favors better genes over poorly adapted genes within populations.
E	It will only respond to biological pressures and have no influence from environmental and other factors.

Question 11

The mating system include all of the following except, (ID-PEM1-19)

A	nurturing behavior.
B	mating methods.
C	parenting behavior.
D	form of courtship.

Question 11 Explanation:

You could argue that nurturing behavior also part of the mating system. However, the textbook definition does not support such a claim.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct DNA pair? (ID-PEM1-28)

A	A-T and C-G
B	A-G and T-H
C	A-H and T-C
D	A-G and C-T
E	A-C and T-G

Question 13

Closely related ______ are grouped together into one genus. (ID-PEM1-15)

A	families
B	orders
C	genus
D	phylas
E	species

Question 14

What is comparative method? (ID-PEM1-20)

A	A method for establishing the function of a phenotypic trait by comparing different species.
B	None of the answers posted here are correct.
C	A method for establishing relationships between different species using statistical analysis of historical evolutionary changes.
D	A method for establishing the function of a genetic trait by comparing different species.
E	A method for establishing the function of a genetic and phenotypic trait by comparing different species.

Question 15

Which of the following is the taxonomic name given to a closely related species who descended fairly recently from a common ancestor? (ID-PEM1-02)

A	Species
B	Kingdom
C	Genus
D	Family
E	Superfamily

Question 16

A population is undergoing stabilizing selection when... (ID-PEM1-26)

A	there is selection against novel mutants that preserves the existing genotype.
B	selection pressures that favor average phenotypes without altering the mean value of a trait.
C	there is selection that favors novel genotypes and thus leads to genetic change.
D	an evolutionary change occurs as a result of a second selection correlated to that change.
E	females choose who they mate with.
F	altruistic acts will be favored by selection if the product of the benefit to the recipient.

Question 16 Explanation:

Chapter 1 - Adaptation by Natural Selection

Question 17

The modern synthesis refers to the combination of... (ID-PEM1-34)

A	anthropology and biology.
B	modern anthropology with animal behavior.
C	modern genetics and Darwinism.
D	Mendelian and blending inheritance.
E	Mendelian and modern biology.

Question 17 Explanation:

Chapter 3: The Modern Synthesis

Question 18

Genetic variability and changes in genotypic frequencies only occurs in sexually reproductive species. (ID-PEM1-17)

A	True
B	False

Question 19

Which of the following cross breeding would most likely produce all types of genotypes? (ID-PEM1-11)

A	Cross bread between aA x aB
B	Cross bread between aA x BB
C	Cross bread between aa x bb
D	Cross bread between AA x BB
E	Cross bread between AA x aB

Question 20

According to Darwin's theory of evolution, which of the following statement is correct? (ID-PEM1-24)

A	Species are immutable.
B	None of the statements posted here are correct.
C	Tortoises are the modern descendants of glyptodonts.
D	All of the statements posted here are correct.
E	All individuals have an equal chance of surviving and reproducing.

Question 21

Which of the following statement is correct? (ID-PEM1-07)

A	Complex adaptations arise through the accumulation of small random variations.
B	Complex adaptations often result in distinct phenotype with no intermediate within populations.
C	Discontinuous variation is important for the evolution of complex adaptations.
D	Complex adaptions are almost always caused by mixing of two different species or organisms.
E	Complex adaptations are often caused by rapid genetic mutations within the dominant allele.

Question 22

What is the primary function of the hemoglobin protein? (ID-PEM1-30)

A	Development of complex genetic structures.
B	Breaking down of fats and lipids for energy processing.
C	Transportation of oxygen.
D	Encoding of DNA, mRNA and tRNA molecules.
E	Production of new blood cells.

Question 23

Which of the following describe a proper chain of events that lead to formation of proteins? (ID-PEM1-12)

A	Nuclear division result in production of DNA which transcript into proteins.
B	DNA transcription results in mRNAs which are translate into proteins.
C	DNA translation results in mRNAs which are transcript into proteins.
D	DNA produces the proteins which later translate into mRNAs.
E	DNA produces the proteins which later transcript into mRNAs.

Question 24

What is the term used to describe the study of how individual traits are transmitted from one generation to the next? (ID-PEM1-23)

A	Genetics
B	Evolutionary biology
C	Ecology
D	Homology
E	Cell biology
F	Analogy

Question 25

A population of birds is affected by a drought and small seeds are all destroyed. As a result birds with large beaks have an advantage and the mean beak size in the population increases. This is an example of which of the following? (ID-PEM1-33)

A	Environmental section
B	Biophysical selection
C	Directional selection
D	Disruptive selection
E	Stabilizing selection

Question 25 Explanation:

Chapter 1 - Adaptation by Natural Selection

Question 26

Which of the following is true about biological variation? (ID-PEM1-27)

A	Biological variations can only be studied using genetics because phenotype have too many variables.
B	It is observed that small random variations are insignificant and have no impact on the natural selection.
C	Darwin thought that discontinuous variation did not play an important role in evolution.
D	Distribution of heights of people is a good example of discontinuous variation.
E	Fecundity is inversely proportional to frequency of biological variation within a population.

Question 27

The information encoded in ____ determines the structure of proteins in the following way. Inside the nucleus, an ____ copy is made of the original DNA template. Answers are in respective order. (ID-PEM1-29)

A	tRNA , DNA
B	DNA , tRNA
C	DNA , mRNA
D	mRNA , DNA

Question 28

Why is it important to construct phylogenetic trees? (ID-PEM1-31)

A	To understand why species evolved certain traits
B	To understand what species consumed/eat
C	To understand the mechanism by which new traits evolve
D	All of the answers listed here are correct

Question 29

What is the genotypic frequency of genotype AA if 4,000 individuals in a population of 15,000 carries genotype AA? (ID-PEM1-13)

A	0.27
B	1.33
C	15,000
D	4,000
E	3.75

Question 29 Explanation:

Frequency AA = 4,000 / 15,000

Question 30

Evolution of similar adaptations in unrelated species is known as... (ID-PEM1-08)

A	heritability.
B	hominoid effect.
C	convergence.
D	homology.
E	divergence.

Question 31

Microevolution is highly controlled by which of the following? (ID-PEM1-25)

A	Molecular evolution occurs through small changes in the molecular or cellular level
B	Mutation, natural selection and gene flow
C	Ecological evolution
D	Mutation, natural and artificial selection and gene flow
E	Speciation
F	Only through genetic drift

Question 31 Explanation:

Note: The process of speciation may fall within the purview of either, depending on the forces thought to drive it. In multiple choice exams, you are expected to choose the best answer not good enough answer.

Question 32

Which of the following statement is correct? (ID-PEM1-21)

A	Arboreal primates are exclusively meat eaters.
B	Insects have compound eyes.
C	Some primates do not have vertebrates.
D	Early primates produced their offspring through fertilized eggs outside of their bodies (like birds).
E	Humans and most vertebrates have compound eyes.

Question 33

According to Charles Darwin's theory of adaptation, which of the following limit growth of populations? Choose the best answer. (ID-PEM1-03)

A	Slow and/or poor adaptation to changing environment.
B	Slow genetic diversification.
C	Inheritance variation.
D	Limited environmental resources.
E	Fitness variation.

Question 34

Majority of the shifts in genotypic frequencies are caused by which of following? (ID-PEM1-14)

A	Introduction of new species to a region.
B	Exposure to harmful chemicals and other hazards within the environment.
C	Abnormal genetic mutations
D	Cellular division
E	Sexual reproduction

Question 35

A small German religious sect called Dunkers has few hundred individuals and the population never got bigger. As a result, the MN blood grouos were at different levels compared to the general population of Germany. This is an example of what biological/genetic process? (ID-PEM1-32)

A	Genetic drift
B	Macroevolution
C	Natural selection
D	Mutation

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, TBA during Winter 2013 and textbook ISBN-978-0-393-93271-3. This version has been updated on between September and December 2015.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Anthropology 201-University of Calgary

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Anthropology 201 (ANTH 201-UCAL) Midterm Exam I

Standing on the shoulders of giants

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Anthropology 201 (ANTH 201-UCAL) Midterm Exam I

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Standing on the shoulders of giants