Anthropology 201 – Introduction to Primatology and Human Evolution. The Midterm I only covers materials from Chapter 1 to 4. The subjects include Adaptation by Natural Selection, Genetics, Modern Synthesis and Speciation and Phylogeny. Spending on your professor and class number, some or all questions may or may not appear on your exam.

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Anthropology 201 (ANTH 201-UCAL) Midterm Exam I

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Most Anthropology 201 exams are multiple choice. Click Start to begin.

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Question 1

What is the best description of genes? (ID-PEM1-09)

A	A linear body in the cell nucleus and appears during cell division.
B	A segment of the chromosome that produces a recognizable effect on phenotype and segregates as a unit during gamete formation.
C	A segment of the DNA in eukaryotes that is translated into protein.
D	The fraction of the chromosome at a genetic locus that are a particular allele, which can result in different phenotype.

Question 2

A small German religious sect called Dunkers has few hundred individuals and the population never got bigger. As a result, the MN blood grouos were at different levels compared to the general population of Germany. This is an example of what biological/genetic process? (ID-PEM1-32)

A	Genetic drift
B	Mutation
C	Natural selection
D	Macroevolution

Question 3

According to Darwin's theory of evolution, which of the following statement is correct? (ID-PEM1-24)

A	Tortoises are the modern descendants of glyptodonts.
B	All of the statements posted here are correct.
C	Species are immutable.
D	None of the statements posted here are correct.
E	All individuals have an equal chance of surviving and reproducing.

Question 4

Which of the following scientist laid the foundation for the modern binomial nomenclature? (ID-PEM1-01)

A	Charles Lyell
B	Carolus Linnaeus
C	Gregor Mendel
D	None of the listed answers are correct.
E	Charles Darwin

Question 5

The observation that birds with certain beak type most likely to survive and reproduce can be best described as a ____ observation. (ID-PEM1-05)

A	morphological
B	statistical
C	species
D	genetic
E	theoretical

Question 6

Which of the following statement is correct? (ID-PEM1-07)

A	Complex adaptations often result in distinct phenotype with no intermediate within populations.
B	Complex adaptations arise through the accumulation of small random variations.
C	Discontinuous variation is important for the evolution of complex adaptations.
D	Complex adaptions are almost always caused by mixing of two different species or organisms.
E	Complex adaptations are often caused by rapid genetic mutations within the dominant allele.

Question 7

Why is it important to construct phylogenetic trees? (ID-PEM1-31)

A	To understand what species consumed/eat
B	To understand why species evolved certain traits
C	All of the answers listed here are correct
D	To understand the mechanism by which new traits evolve

Question 8

Which of the following statement is correct? (ID-PEM1-21)

A	Insects have compound eyes.
B	Early primates produced their offspring through fertilized eggs outside of their bodies (like birds).
C	Humans and most vertebrates have compound eyes.
D	Arboreal primates are exclusively meat eaters.
E	Some primates do not have vertebrates.

Question 9

What is the primary function of the hemoglobin protein? (ID-PEM1-30)

A	Development of complex genetic structures.
B	Breaking down of fats and lipids for energy processing.
C	Encoding of DNA, mRNA and tRNA molecules.
D	Production of new blood cells.
E	Transportation of oxygen.

Question 10

What is the term used to describe the study of how individual traits are transmitted from one generation to the next? (ID-PEM1-23)

A	Ecology
B	Analogy
C	Cell biology
D	Evolutionary biology
E	Homology
F	Genetics

Question 11

The structure of 3 bones in mammalian limbs is an example of... (ID-PEM1-35)

A	an analogous trait.
B	convergent evolution.
C	None of the answers are correct.
D	a homologous trait.

Question 11 Explanation:

Chapter 4 - Speciation and Phylogeny
Chapter 5 - Primate Diversity and Ecology

Question 12

What is the genotypic frequency of genotype AA if 4,000 individuals in a population of 15,000 carries genotype AA? (ID-PEM1-13)

A	1.33
B	15,000
C	0.27
D	3.75
E	4,000

Question 12 Explanation:

Frequency AA = 4,000 / 15,000

Question 13

According to Charles Darwin's theory of adaptation, which of the following limit growth of populations? Choose the best answer. (ID-PEM1-03)

A	Limited environmental resources.
B	Slow and/or poor adaptation to changing environment.
C	Fitness variation.
D	Inheritance variation.
E	Slow genetic diversification.

Question 14

Which of the following is the taxonomic name given to a closely related species who descended fairly recently from a common ancestor? (ID-PEM1-02)

A	Genus
B	Kingdom
C	Species
D	Superfamily
E	Family

Question 15

Which of the following is true about biological variation? (ID-PEM1-27)

A	Darwin thought that discontinuous variation did not play an important role in evolution.
B	It is observed that small random variations are insignificant and have no impact on the natural selection.
C	Distribution of heights of people is a good example of discontinuous variation.
D	Fecundity is inversely proportional to frequency of biological variation within a population.
E	Biological variations can only be studied using genetics because phenotype have too many variables.

Question 16

The information encoded in ____ determines the structure of proteins in the following way. Inside the nucleus, an ____ copy is made of the original DNA template. Answers are in respective order. (ID-PEM1-29)

A	tRNA , DNA
B	DNA , tRNA
C	mRNA , DNA
D	DNA , mRNA

Question 17

Which of the two sections are not found in original Linnaean hierarchy? (ID-PEM1-16)

A	Order and Family
B	Genus and Species
C	Class and Species
D	Phylum and Family

Question 18

Evolution of similar adaptations in unrelated species is known as... (ID-PEM1-08)

A	hominoid effect.
B	divergence.
C	homology.
D	heritability.
E	convergence.

Question 19

Which of the following describe a proper chain of events that lead to formation of proteins? (ID-PEM1-12)

A	DNA produces the proteins which later translate into mRNAs.
B	Nuclear division result in production of DNA which transcript into proteins.
C	DNA transcription results in mRNAs which are translate into proteins.
D	DNA translation results in mRNAs which are transcript into proteins.
E	DNA produces the proteins which later transcript into mRNAs.

Question 20

The mating system include all of the following except, (ID-PEM1-19)

A	nurturing behavior.
B	parenting behavior.
C	form of courtship.
D	mating methods.

Question 20 Explanation:

You could argue that nurturing behavior also part of the mating system. However, the textbook definition does not support such a claim.

Question 21

Microevolution is highly controlled by which of the following? (ID-PEM1-25)

A	Mutation, natural and artificial selection and gene flow
B	Speciation
C	Molecular evolution occurs through small changes in the molecular or cellular level
D	Mutation, natural selection and gene flow
E	Ecological evolution
F	Only through genetic drift

Question 21 Explanation:

Note: The process of speciation may fall within the purview of either, depending on the forces thought to drive it. In multiple choice exams, you are expected to choose the best answer not good enough answer.

Question 22

Genetic variability and changes in genotypic frequencies only occurs in sexually reproductive species. (ID-PEM1-17)

A	False
B	True

Question 23

Which of the following statement is correct on natural selection? (ID-PEM1-04)

A	It is the primary driving mechanism for genetic diversification.
B	It will only respond to biological pressures and have no influence from environmental and other factors.
C	It operates exclusively on the phenotype of organisms.
D	It favors better genes over poorly adapted genes within populations.
E	It always benefits the population.

Question 24

A population is undergoing stabilizing selection when... (ID-PEM1-26)

A	females choose who they mate with.
B	an evolutionary change occurs as a result of a second selection correlated to that change.
C	there is selection that favors novel genotypes and thus leads to genetic change.
D	altruistic acts will be favored by selection if the product of the benefit to the recipient.
E	selection pressures that favor average phenotypes without altering the mean value of a trait.
F	there is selection against novel mutants that preserves the existing genotype.

Question 24 Explanation:

Chapter 1 - Adaptation by Natural Selection

Question 25

Which of the following is the best example of environmental variation? (ID-PEM1-18)

A	Two different colours of the peas observed by Mendel during his experiments.
B	Different speed of swimming within the same the same species of fish in the same pond.
C	Slight variation in skin colour within the same Northern European population of humans.
D	People who live in the mountain regions of Himalayas are more adapted to high altitude living than people in Calgary.
E	Dramatic differences in distribution of body weight across countries with high GDP and countries with low GDP.

Question 26

The gametes are produced during ____ and cells that contain only one copy of each chromosomes are said to be ____. Answers are in respective order. (ID-PEM1-06)

A	sexual reproduction , haploid
B	gene mutation , diploid
C	sexual reproduction , diploid
D	meiosis , haploid
E	mitosis , diploid

Question 27

Which of the following cross breeding would most likely produce all types of genotypes? (ID-PEM1-11)

A	Cross bread between aA x BB
B	Cross bread between AA x aB
C	Cross bread between aa x bb
D	Cross bread between AA x BB
E	Cross bread between aA x aB

Question 28

According to the Mendelian genetics, the breeding of F1 generation will produce which of the following? (ID-PEM1-10)

A	Generation with higher genetic diversity than the parent generation.
B	F0 generation
C	Generation with both physical characteristics of the F1 generation parents.
D	Much more advanced generation than the parent F1 generation.
E	F2 generation

Question 29

What is comparative method? (ID-PEM1-20)

A	A method for establishing the function of a genetic and phenotypic trait by comparing different species.
B	A method for establishing the function of a phenotypic trait by comparing different species.
C	A method for establishing the function of a genetic trait by comparing different species.
D	A method for establishing relationships between different species using statistical analysis of historical evolutionary changes.
E	None of the answers posted here are correct.

Question 30

Reproductive isolation occurs most likely as a result of which of the following? (ID-PEM1-22)

A	Differences in sexual organs.
B	Population pressures due to rapid growth.
C	Increased in predatory organisms within an environment.
D	Mutations in gametes caused by either environmental or biological factors.
E	Increase in gene flow.

Question 31

A population of birds is affected by a drought and small seeds are all destroyed. As a result birds with large beaks have an advantage and the mean beak size in the population increases. This is an example of which of the following? (ID-PEM1-33)

A	Disruptive selection
B	Stabilizing selection
C	Directional selection
D	Biophysical selection
E	Environmental section

Question 31 Explanation:

Chapter 1 - Adaptation by Natural Selection

Question 32

Closely related ______ are grouped together into one genus. (ID-PEM1-15)

A	species
B	genus
C	orders
D	families
E	phylas

Question 33

Which of the following is the correct DNA pair? (ID-PEM1-28)

A	A-C and T-G
B	A-H and T-C
C	A-T and C-G
D	A-G and T-H
E	A-G and C-T

Question 34

Majority of the shifts in genotypic frequencies are caused by which of following? (ID-PEM1-14)

A	Exposure to harmful chemicals and other hazards within the environment.
B	Abnormal genetic mutations
C	Introduction of new species to a region.
D	Cellular division
E	Sexual reproduction

Question 35

The modern synthesis refers to the combination of... (ID-PEM1-34)

A	modern genetics and Darwinism.
B	Mendelian and modern biology.
C	Mendelian and blending inheritance.
D	modern anthropology with animal behavior.
E	anthropology and biology.

Question 35 Explanation:

Chapter 3: The Modern Synthesis

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, TBA during Winter 2013 and textbook ISBN-978-0-393-93271-3. This version has been updated on between September and December 2015.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Anthropology 201-University of Calgary

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Anthropology 201 (ANTH 201-UCAL) Midterm Exam I

Standing on the shoulders of giants

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Anthropology 201 (ANTH 201-UCAL) Midterm Exam I

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Standing on the shoulders of giants