Sedimentary Petrology
Go to: Final Exam
The following quiz assumes that you have the background knowledge from GLGY 491. For additional questions specific to organisms, please check Geology 491 materials. Most concepts related to 491 class has been omitted from this quiz.
Attention: Application questions
Please be aware that you may come across difficult questions. They are usually not directly from one particular lecture but rather application of principles form several different lectures and labs. In this particular class, you are expected to solve this type of questions for the lecture/lab midterms and the finals. It is not my intention to make this quiz questions hard like a jackass.
Geology (GLGY 461-UCAL) Midterm
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Question 1 |
A | Platform slopes |
B | Open-water mud mounds |
C | Open-water supertidal flats |
D | Shallow internal platform biostromes |
E | Outer platform margin biostromes |
Question 2 |
A | Siliciclastic sandstones |
B | Siliciclastic mudstones |
C | Phosphorites |
D | Halites |
E | Limestones |
F | Dolostones |
Question 3 |
A | A. siliceous B. calcitic |
B | A. calcitic B. aragonitic |
C | A. colonial B. solitary |
D | A. calcitic B. siliceous |
E | A. aragonitic B. calcitic |
Question 4 |
A | True |
B | False, they were found in laminae, pillars and astrorhizae forms. |
C | False, they were found in mounded laminae forms. |
Question 5 |
A | No, it is neither a mineral nor a valid chemical formula. |
B | Yes it is a mineral. |
C | No, it is only the chemical formula for a mineral. |
D | No, it is a synthetic material. |
Question 6 |
A | The process in which constituents were transported from the initial deposition location to a basin for burial. |
B | The process in which constituents were combined to form metamorphic rocks. |
C | The process in which rocks were cooled down after a burial process to from new rocks. |
D | The process in which constituents were broken down during the burial to form new minerals in the sediment. |
Question 7 |
A | Molluscs |
B | Foraminifera |
C | Echinoderms |
D | Brachiopods |
Question 8 |
A | Bafflestones |
B | Floatstones |
C | Framestones |
D | Bindstones |
E | Rudstones |
Question 9 |
A | Foliation |
B | Multiple chemical elements within growth lines |
C | Double-crystal system |
D | Cross-lamellar |
Question 10 |
A | Changes in chemical composition during each growth cycle. |
B | Overlap of 1-st and 2-nd Order lamellae. |
C | Longitudinal deformation due to stresses during sedimentation. |
D | Foliation grade differences during each growth cycle. |
E | Due to their orientation to the cut surface of the thin section. |
Question 11 |
A | Foliated structures |
B | Composite prismatic structures |
C | Fascicular fibrous structures |
D | Single crystal structures |
Question 12 |
A | True |
B | False |
Question 13 |
A | Shape and size; the 2-st Order structures are larger. |
B | Pore/void space: the 1-st Order structures have less void space. |
C | Pore/void space: the 2-st Order structures have less void space. |
D | Shape and size; the 1-st Order structures are larger. |
E | Pattern of the cross; the 2-st Order structures V-shaped. |
F | Pattern of the cross; the 1-st Order structures V-shaped. |
Question 14 |
A | Homogeneous prismatic structures with no deformation. Hint: Nope; this is mostly for forminifera and molluscs. |
B | At lest two layers with 1-st and 2-nd Order aragonitic crossed-lamellar layers. Hint: Nope; this is for molluscus. |
C | Several layers of complex and composite prismatic structures. Hint: Nope; this is for molluscus ONLY. |
D | At least two layers of non-deformed single crystal structures. Hint: Nope; this is mostly for echinoderms. |
E | Several layers of foliated or normal prismatic structures. |
Question 15 |
A | Change in abundance of chemicals. |
B | Change in abundance of organisms in a macro-region. |
C | Change in temperature only. |
D | Change in the rate at which the burial of sediments occurs. |
E | Change in abundance of organisms in a micro-region. |
F | Change in temperature and pressure. |
Question 16 |
A | Supertidal flats |
B | Platform slopes |
C | Shallow internal platform biostromes |
D | Outer platform margin bioherms |
E | Open-water mud mounds |
Question 17 |
A | It is often used for pleobilogical stratigraphic analysis. |
B | It is an ideal model of platform environment that will work for most areas of Earth. |
C | It was first published in 1975 by Wilson. |
D | It dose not consider effects of sea level changes or climate controls. |
Question 18 |
A | Nature of the tidal flat, lagoonal faces, shallow ramp and deep shelf ramp. |
B | Variations in the global biological and lithological diversity. |
C | Depositional setting, sediment type, biota and common lithofacies. |
D | Common lithofacies. |
E | Common lithofacies and biological characteristics. |
Question 19 |
A | I. Ahermatypic II. Hermatypic |
B | I. Hexacorallia II. Brain Hint: Both are reef builders. |
C | I. Hermatypic II. Ahermatypic |
D | I. Brain II. Hexacorallia Hint: Both are reef builders. |
E | I. Rugose II. Brain |
Question 20 |
A | Between 200 m and 300 m |
B | Around 200 m |
C | Below 100 m |
D | Between 150 m and 200 m |
E | Around 300 m |
Question 21 |
A | True |
B | False; they are an extinct class of organisms. |
C | False; they are solitary organisms. |
Question 22 |
A | Shallow Ramp Facies |
B | Deep Tidal Flat Facies |
C | Deep Basin Facies |
D | Lagoonal Facies |
E | Deep Shelf Facies |
Question 23 |
A | low energy reef/ramp environments. |
B | low energy shallow tidal environments. |
C | high energy deep tidal environments. |
D | high energy slope environments. |
Question 24 |
A | In-situ formation |
B | Reworked lithofied clasts |
C | Alteration of grains |
D | Biotic |
Question 25 |
A | Large volume of elongated peloids. |
B | Presence of destructive micritization. |
C | Large pour spaces caused by entrapment of gaseous substance. |
D | Large volume of spherical/sub-spherical shaped peloids. |
E | Presence of bio-chemicals and organic matter. |
Question 26 |
A | high global biological activities due to abundance in nutrients. Hint: Think again; usually "abundance of peloidal rocks" found in specific areas in specific geologic time. |
B | high local biological activities due to abundance in nutrients. |
C | very high energy environment. |
D | very low energy environment. |
E | Presence of biotic peloids as opposed to other types. |
Question 27 |
A | False; because it is an indication of reworked lithofied clasts of carbonates origin. |
B | False; because it is an indication of in-situ formations. |
C | True |
D | False; because it is an indication of altered grains forming micritized peloids. |
Question 28 |
A | constructive micritization. |
B | destructive micritization. |
C | microborings. |
D | cyanobacterial destruction. |
Question 29 |
A | Thin cortex very thick cortex and innumerable layers. |
B | Ooids with very thick cortex. |
C | Thin cortex very thin cortex and 1-3 counted layers. |
D | Thin cortex very thin cortex and 2-4 counted layers. |
E | Ooids with very thin cortex. |
Question 30 |
A | Presence of nuclei and supersaturated water with respect to calcite. |
B | Bottom agitation, presence of nuclei and grain degradation. |
C | Usually have a nuclei. |
D | Presence of nuclei and undersaturated water with respect to calcite. |
Question 31 |
A | at the peak of the crest (peak) of the dunes. |
B | along the troughs of parabolic bars. |
C | at the asymmetric surfaces. |
D | at the points of flow convergence. |
E | at the trough of the dunes. |
Question 32 |
A | Green algae are adapted to deeper water environments and they absorbs blue light. |
B | Blue algae are adapted to deeper water environments and they absorbs blue light. |
C | Red algae are adapted to deeper water environments and they absorbs red light. |
D | Green algae are adapted to shallow water environments and they absorbs yellow light. |
E | Green algae are adapted to deeper water environments and they absorbs red light. |
F | Red algae are adapted to deeper water environments and they absorbs blue light. |
G | Blue algae are adapted to deeper water environments and they absorbs red light. |
Question 33 |
A | ...were exclusive to fresh water environments during Carboniferous and modern day they are exclusive to marine water environments. |
B | ....exclusive to marine water environments. |
C | ...most abundant in shallow, protected environments. |
D | ...adapted to deep water environments. |
E | ...exclusive to fresh water environments. |
Question 34 |
A | Red |
B | Blue |
C | Green |
D | All types (Green, Blue and Red) |
Question 35 |
A | They are important sediment produces and reef builders. |
B | This group includes both benthic and planktonic organisms that have the ability to photosynthesize. |
C | They are very important for economic resources such as diamond and gold ores. |
D | Some of them are capable of secreting or depositing carbonate around their body. |
E | They can be in several depositional settings such as marine, fresh-brackish water ponds, tidal flats and shallow sandy bottoms. |
Question 36 |
A | Rhodophyta |
B | Chrysophyta |
C | Cynaophyta |
D | Chlorophyta |
Question 37 |
A | Green algae |
B | Yellow algae |
C | Red algae |
D | Blue algae |
Question 38 |
A | Open marine bay shelf lagoons |
B | Tidal flats |
C | Restricted marine bays and lagoons |
D | Reef fronts |
E | Open marines |
Question 39 |
A | I. spinal core II. external core |
B | I. cortex II. medulla |
C | I. medulla II. cortex |
D | I. central core II. outer core |
Question 40 |
A | Paleozoic |
B | Ediacaran |
C | Carboniferous |
D | Cretaceous |
E | Cenozoic |
Question 41 |
A | Sunlight and availability of calcareous fluids |
B | Sunlight and moisture |
C | Sunlight |
D | High energy water currents |
E | Sunlight and high energy water currents |
Question 42 |
A | Sediments could undergo marine diagenesis as long as water is present. |
B | Large portion of the mixing zone is in the marine diagenetic area. |
C | CCD or carbon compensation depth is the depth in which the calcite start to become unstable. Hint: Nope; that would be Lysoclines |
D | The best cementation processes occurs at shallow waters such as at the shelf or slopes. |
E | The partial pressure of CO2 is very high at shallow depths; leads to good cementation. |
Question 43 |
A | I. Blue II. green |
B | I. Yellow II. green |
C | I. Red II. green |
D | I. Green
II. red |
Question 44 |
A | lamination. |
B | zoecias. |
C | pillars. |
D | alternating sediment-organic matter layers. |
E | layering. |
Question 45 |
A | True |
B | False |
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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Rudi Meyer during Winter 2014.
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