Sedimentary Petrology
Go to: Final Exam
The following quiz assumes that you have the background knowledge from GLGY 491. For additional questions specific to organisms, please check Geology 491 materials. Most concepts related to 491 class has been omitted from this quiz.
Attention: Application questions
Please be aware that you may come across difficult questions. They are usually not directly from one particular lecture but rather application of principles form several different lectures and labs. In this particular class, you are expected to solve this type of questions for the lecture/lab midterms and the finals. It is not my intention to make this quiz questions hard like a jackass.
Geology (GLGY 461-UCAL) Midterm
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Question 1 |
A | Outer platform margin biostromes |
B | Open-water mud mounds |
C | Shallow internal platform biostromes |
D | Open-water supertidal flats |
E | Platform slopes |
Question 2 |
A | Limestones |
B | Dolostones |
C | Phosphorites |
D | Halites |
E | Siliciclastic mudstones |
F | Siliciclastic sandstones |
Question 3 |
A | A. siliceous B. calcitic |
B | A. colonial B. solitary |
C | A. aragonitic B. calcitic |
D | A. calcitic B. aragonitic |
E | A. calcitic B. siliceous |
Question 4 |
A | True |
B | False, they were found in laminae, pillars and astrorhizae forms. |
C | False, they were found in mounded laminae forms. |
Question 5 |
A | No, it is neither a mineral nor a valid chemical formula. |
B | Yes it is a mineral. |
C | No, it is a synthetic material. |
D | No, it is only the chemical formula for a mineral. |
Question 6 |
A | The process in which rocks were cooled down after a burial process to from new rocks. |
B | The process in which constituents were transported from the initial deposition location to a basin for burial. |
C | The process in which constituents were combined to form metamorphic rocks. |
D | The process in which constituents were broken down during the burial to form new minerals in the sediment. |
Question 7 |
A | Brachiopods |
B | Molluscs |
C | Foraminifera |
D | Echinoderms |
Question 8 |
A | Bafflestones |
B | Framestones |
C | Bindstones |
D | Floatstones |
E | Rudstones |
Question 9 |
A | Multiple chemical elements within growth lines |
B | Double-crystal system |
C | Cross-lamellar |
D | Foliation |
Question 10 |
A | Overlap of 1-st and 2-nd Order lamellae. |
B | Changes in chemical composition during each growth cycle. |
C | Due to their orientation to the cut surface of the thin section. |
D | Longitudinal deformation due to stresses during sedimentation. |
E | Foliation grade differences during each growth cycle. |
Question 11 |
A | Fascicular fibrous structures |
B | Composite prismatic structures |
C | Foliated structures |
D | Single crystal structures |
Question 12 |
A | True |
B | False |
Question 13 |
A | Pore/void space: the 2-st Order structures have less void space. |
B | Shape and size; the 1-st Order structures are larger. |
C | Pattern of the cross; the 1-st Order structures V-shaped. |
D | Pattern of the cross; the 2-st Order structures V-shaped. |
E | Shape and size; the 2-st Order structures are larger. |
F | Pore/void space: the 1-st Order structures have less void space. |
Question 14 |
A | Several layers of foliated or normal prismatic structures. |
B | At lest two layers with 1-st and 2-nd Order aragonitic crossed-lamellar layers. Hint: Nope; this is for molluscus. |
C | Several layers of complex and composite prismatic structures. Hint: Nope; this is for molluscus ONLY. |
D | Homogeneous prismatic structures with no deformation. Hint: Nope; this is mostly for forminifera and molluscs. |
E | At least two layers of non-deformed single crystal structures. Hint: Nope; this is mostly for echinoderms. |
Question 15 |
A | Change in abundance of organisms in a macro-region. |
B | Change in the rate at which the burial of sediments occurs. |
C | Change in temperature and pressure. |
D | Change in temperature only. |
E | Change in abundance of organisms in a micro-region. |
F | Change in abundance of chemicals. |
Question 16 |
A | Supertidal flats |
B | Shallow internal platform biostromes |
C | Open-water mud mounds |
D | Platform slopes |
E | Outer platform margin bioherms |
Question 17 |
A | It is an ideal model of platform environment that will work for most areas of Earth. |
B | It dose not consider effects of sea level changes or climate controls. |
C | It is often used for pleobilogical stratigraphic analysis. |
D | It was first published in 1975 by Wilson. |
Question 18 |
A | Nature of the tidal flat, lagoonal faces, shallow ramp and deep shelf ramp. |
B | Variations in the global biological and lithological diversity. |
C | Depositional setting, sediment type, biota and common lithofacies. |
D | Common lithofacies and biological characteristics. |
E | Common lithofacies. |
Question 19 |
A | I. Rugose II. Brain |
B | I. Hexacorallia II. Brain Hint: Both are reef builders. |
C | I. Hermatypic II. Ahermatypic |
D | I. Ahermatypic II. Hermatypic |
E | I. Brain II. Hexacorallia Hint: Both are reef builders. |
Question 20 |
A | Below 100 m |
B | Between 150 m and 200 m |
C | Between 200 m and 300 m |
D | Around 300 m |
E | Around 200 m |
Question 21 |
A | True |
B | False; they are an extinct class of organisms. |
C | False; they are solitary organisms. |
Question 22 |
A | Deep Shelf Facies |
B | Deep Tidal Flat Facies |
C | Shallow Ramp Facies |
D | Lagoonal Facies |
E | Deep Basin Facies |
Question 23 |
A | high energy deep tidal environments. |
B | low energy shallow tidal environments. |
C | low energy reef/ramp environments. |
D | high energy slope environments. |
Question 24 |
A | Biotic |
B | Reworked lithofied clasts |
C | Alteration of grains |
D | In-situ formation |
Question 25 |
A | Large volume of spherical/sub-spherical shaped peloids. |
B | Large volume of elongated peloids. |
C | Presence of bio-chemicals and organic matter. |
D | Large pour spaces caused by entrapment of gaseous substance. |
E | Presence of destructive micritization. |
Question 26 |
A | very low energy environment. |
B | Presence of biotic peloids as opposed to other types. |
C | high local biological activities due to abundance in nutrients. |
D | high global biological activities due to abundance in nutrients. Hint: Think again; usually "abundance of peloidal rocks" found in specific areas in specific geologic time. |
E | very high energy environment. |
Question 27 |
A | False; because it is an indication of in-situ formations. |
B | False; because it is an indication of altered grains forming micritized peloids. |
C | True |
D | False; because it is an indication of reworked lithofied clasts of carbonates origin. |
Question 28 |
A | microborings. |
B | destructive micritization. |
C | constructive micritization. |
D | cyanobacterial destruction. |
Question 29 |
A | Thin cortex very thick cortex and innumerable layers. |
B | Thin cortex very thin cortex and 1-3 counted layers. |
C | Ooids with very thin cortex. |
D | Thin cortex very thin cortex and 2-4 counted layers. |
E | Ooids with very thick cortex. |
Question 30 |
A | Presence of nuclei and supersaturated water with respect to calcite. |
B | Presence of nuclei and undersaturated water with respect to calcite. |
C | Bottom agitation, presence of nuclei and grain degradation. |
D | Usually have a nuclei. |
Question 31 |
A | at the asymmetric surfaces. |
B | along the troughs of parabolic bars. |
C | at the trough of the dunes. |
D | at the points of flow convergence. |
E | at the peak of the crest (peak) of the dunes. |
Question 32 |
A | Red algae are adapted to deeper water environments and they absorbs blue light. |
B | Blue algae are adapted to deeper water environments and they absorbs blue light. |
C | Red algae are adapted to deeper water environments and they absorbs red light. |
D | Green algae are adapted to shallow water environments and they absorbs yellow light. |
E | Green algae are adapted to deeper water environments and they absorbs red light. |
F | Green algae are adapted to deeper water environments and they absorbs blue light. |
G | Blue algae are adapted to deeper water environments and they absorbs red light. |
Question 33 |
A | ...most abundant in shallow, protected environments. |
B | ...adapted to deep water environments. |
C | ...exclusive to fresh water environments. |
D | ...were exclusive to fresh water environments during Carboniferous and modern day they are exclusive to marine water environments. |
E | ....exclusive to marine water environments. |
Question 34 |
A | Green |
B | All types (Green, Blue and Red) |
C | Red |
D | Blue |
Question 35 |
A | This group includes both benthic and planktonic organisms that have the ability to photosynthesize. |
B | They are important sediment produces and reef builders. |
C | Some of them are capable of secreting or depositing carbonate around their body. |
D | They are very important for economic resources such as diamond and gold ores. |
E | They can be in several depositional settings such as marine, fresh-brackish water ponds, tidal flats and shallow sandy bottoms. |
Question 36 |
A | Rhodophyta |
B | Cynaophyta |
C | Chrysophyta |
D | Chlorophyta |
Question 37 |
A | Green algae |
B | Blue algae |
C | Red algae |
D | Yellow algae |
Question 38 |
A | Reef fronts |
B | Tidal flats |
C | Open marines |
D | Restricted marine bays and lagoons |
E | Open marine bay shelf lagoons |
Question 39 |
A | I. medulla II. cortex |
B | I. cortex II. medulla |
C | I. central core II. outer core |
D | I. spinal core II. external core |
Question 40 |
A | Cretaceous |
B | Cenozoic |
C | Paleozoic |
D | Ediacaran |
E | Carboniferous |
Question 41 |
A | Sunlight |
B | Sunlight and moisture |
C | High energy water currents |
D | Sunlight and availability of calcareous fluids |
E | Sunlight and high energy water currents |
Question 42 |
A | Large portion of the mixing zone is in the marine diagenetic area. |
B | The best cementation processes occurs at shallow waters such as at the shelf or slopes. |
C | The partial pressure of CO2 is very high at shallow depths; leads to good cementation. |
D | CCD or carbon compensation depth is the depth in which the calcite start to become unstable. Hint: Nope; that would be Lysoclines |
E | Sediments could undergo marine diagenesis as long as water is present. |
Question 43 |
A | I. Yellow II. green |
B | I. Blue II. green |
C | I. Red II. green |
D | I. Green
II. red |
Question 44 |
A | alternating sediment-organic matter layers. |
B | zoecias. |
C | pillars. |
D | layering. |
E | lamination. |
Question 45 |
A | False |
B | True |
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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Rudi Meyer during Winter 2014.
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