Anthropology 303 – Business In Cultural Context
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Go to: Midterm II | Final Exam
Anthropology 303 (ANTH 303-UCAL) Midterm I
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Question 1 |
A | The productivity increased as the light intensity (illumination) increased in a linear relationship. |
B | They found that depending on the type of product being produced, the illumination levels may or may not effect the productivity. |
C | They found that in behavioral studies, subjects change their performance in response to being observed (eg. by a Supervisor). |
D | Women are more susptible to change their behaviors under different illumination (lighting) conditions than men. |
E | The study was unsuccessful, but this resulted in further research in to the factors effecting behaviors of workers. |
Question 2 |
A | ...cost of production is higher than the market value. |
B | ...making a large profit from sale of a product. |
C | ...lack of investment in Research and Development after the initial success. |
D | ...misunderstanding of cultures during a global marketing campaign. |
E | ...marketing snow shoes exclusively in the island nation of Malta. |
Question 3 |
A | Elton Mayo |
B | Frederick Winslow Taylor |
C | James Spradley and Brenda Mann |
D | US Army Project Camelot |
E | John Hawthorne |
Question 4 |
A | It is governed by fixed set of rules that do not change. |
B | It is learned by people. |
C | It is shared by individuals in a given society. |
D | It is integrated with everything from physical objects to ideas and norms. |
E | It is a relative concept. |
Question 5 |
A | Change in performance of subjects during behavioral studies in response to being observed. |
B | Increasing productivity as a direct response to change in lighting conditions of the workplace. |
C | A condition where a candidates for a job fail to present their qualifications properly to business owners. |
D | Increased in productivity as the labour force become more specialized. |
E | Caused by lack of specialized labour force. |
Question 6 |
A | To exploit workers to increase productivity. |
B | To increase the bonuses of the the upper management. |
C | To diversify products and services. |
D | To survive in the competitive market. |
E | To make a profit. |
Question 7 |
A | By exclusively following a set of strict rules. |
B | We do not learn culture. We are all born with some form of culture through DNA. |
C | Using statistics and anthropological studies. |
D | By reading books and analyzing academic materials. |
E | Being thought by someone, learned from observations and by participating in activities. |
Question 8 |
A | The individuals do not want to take up more responsibilities. |
B | Most individuals are incapable of adapting to change. |
C | The individuals become more specialized in the task that they no longer willing to learn a new task (skill specialization). |
D | The individuals become a team and they felt sense of belonging (group dynamics). |
E | The individuals change their opinions based on the fact that they were being observed by the scientists. |
Question 9 |
A | Relationships between workers |
B | Time sheets used to record the duration of work |
C | Organizational hierarchy |
D | Annual growth rate targets |
E | Mission and Vision of the company |
Question 10 |
A | People are often rational with money, but this does not apply to everyone. |
B | People are always unhappy and always wiling to buy products to make them happy. |
C | People are willing to pay a higher price for an inferior product. |
D | The goal of a business is to provide goods and services where it is needed (not trying to sell AIr Conditioners in the Arctic; no need) . |
E | Playing on human emotions can increase sales and profit margins. |
Question 11 |
A | Compatibility |
B | Complexity |
C | Relative Advantage |
D | Trialability |
E | Observability |
Question 12 |
A | Learning process of culture. |
B | Relativity of culture. |
C | Dynamic nature of culture. |
D | Integration of culture with everything in the society. |
E | Sharing of culture. |
Question 13 |
A | An organization in which services are offered at a competitive rate. |
B | A formally structured sub-culture in the developing world. |
C | A cooperation between governments and private citizens in order to promote economic growth. |
D | A government entity that is used to bridge the gap between the ruling politicians and the general public. |
E | An organization involves in trading of goods and/or services where buyers and sellers involved. |
Question 14 |
A | All male workforce. |
B | Management level environment. |
C | Non-assembly line office workers. |
D | A workforce composed of both male and female employees. |
E | All female workforce. |
Question 15 |
A | Business Management. |
B | Ford Method. |
C | Capitalism. |
D | Taylorism. |
E | Lean Management. |
Question 16 |
A | A social norms that arise out of suffering and oppression such as anti-governmental groups. |
B | A formal cultural groups created by rules and regulations such as Students' Unions. |
C | A group of individuals with inferior qualities of behavioral and sociological attitudes compared to major cultures, hence the term "subculture". |
D | Behavioral and sociological interactions within a given society. For example, Germans in Germany. |
E | A small group of individuals that has different behavioral and sociological interactions than that of the larger community. |
Question 17 |
A | To develop a method for environmentally sustainable economic growth. |
B | To reduce waste and decrease mismanagement of human resources. |
C | To develop standard methods for performing each job. |
D | To increase the market competition through open economic development. |
E | To reduce the wages of employees. |
Question 18 |
A | Elton Mayo |
B | Lloyd Warner |
C | Henry Ford |
D | Theresa Zajac |
E | Fredrick Taylor |
Question 19 |
A | Relative Advantage |
B | Compatibility |
C | Complexity |
D | Observability |
E | Trialability |
Question 20 |
A | Traditionally anthropologists studied "primitive" societies or groups of individuals that are not related to their own culture and society (eg. tribes, natives, etc). |
B | Traditionally, the anthropology sector had interest only in physical or material objects of societies and not the behavioral aspects (eg. religious objects, clothing, etc). |
C | Traditionally, it was thought to be unethical to study workers in local businesses because the studies may be used to harm the subjects (eg. used to lower wages). |
D | Traditionally businesses did use anthropologists, but the funding for such research was limited (eg. limited resources). |
E | The American legal system prevented Anthropologists from participating in business-based studies. |
Question 21 |
A | Replacement of one culture and social values by another dominant culture. |
B | Adaptation or integration of ideas, cultural norms, values, traits and other factors by one culture from another (or between cultures). |
C | Weakening of cultural values within a socity over a period of time. |
D | Comparison between two cultures in order to understand the values of others. |
E | The tendency to view one's own culture as superior and to use one's own standards and values in judging outsiders. |
Question 22 |
A | Introduction of a new culture to a group of people in a remote region. |
B | Study of behaviors and social interactions of Amazonian tribes. |
C | Study of tea consumption by the Britons during work hours in downtown London, UK. |
D | Statistical analysis of laptop usage by the Canadians. Hint: No, this is what companies did before anthropology was introduced into business models. Statistics are not descriptive enough. |
E | Introduction of a new religion to a group of people in a remote region. |
Question 23 |
A | cultural relativism |
B | ethnocentrism |
C | diffusion |
D | recontextualisation |
E | adaptation |
Question 24 |
A | The economic depression resulted in dramatic decrease in funding for anthropological research by private companies. |
B | The development of other methods such as statistical analysis, hindered the progress of cultural and business anthropology. |
C | The American Anthropological Association (AAA) prohibited the Anthropologists from participating in research where the research information will not be available to the public. |
D | The lack of interest in the value of anthropological studies in a business environments resulted in loss of research opportunities. |
E | The use of anthropological methods by the United States government caused an anti-anthropological movement. |
Question 25 |
A | Cultural relativism. |
B | Bad marketing or wrong demographics by McDonald's. |
C | Improper recontextualization of food by the McDonald's. |
D | Ethnocentric nature of people. |
E | Symbolism where people associate McDonald's food as greasy. |
Question 26 |
A | Learning by statistical analysis. |
B | Learning by integration. |
C | Learning by observation. |
D | Learning by dynamic behaviors. |
E | Learning through cross-cultural diffusion. |
Question 27 |
A | Ethnology |
B | Geography |
C | Anthropology |
D | Cultural Analysis |
E | Ethnography |
Question 28 |
A | Collectivism |
B | Union |
C | Soldiering |
D | Hawthorne Effect |
E | Mayo's Principle |
Question 29 |
A | Better understanding of global cultures in both social and business environments. |
B | Increased in wages based on worker performance. |
C | Decrease spending on anthropological research. |
D | Creation of labor and professional unions. |
E | Disability benefits provided by the company for their workforce. |
Question 30 |
A | desire to succeed in a competitive market/society. |
B | belonging to subcultures. |
C | the goal of profit making/saving money. |
D | impact from the changes in local and global economies. |
E | the organization. |
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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Christopher John Holdsworth during Spring 2015.
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Videos from Class
Beer daths in Quebec
Link: http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/beer-deaths-in-quebec
Why Do Companies Need Anthropologists?
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0uxqukfBSI
Ford and Taylor Scientific Management
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PdmNbqtDdI
Hawthorne Studies – AT&T Archives: The Year They Discovered People
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3pDWt7GntI
What is Canadian Culture? – I am Canadian
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TL01SReeOqE
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pnpVH7kIb_8
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUqsF8vbR_Q