This is part of the CCNA1 Introduction to Networks course. This page will be updated with texts in the future… for now, please refer to my lecture on my YouTube channel.

• The IP addressing structure consists of a 32-bit hierarchical network address that identifies a network and a host portion. Network devices use a process called ANDing using the IP address and associated subnet mask to identify the network and host portions.
• Destination IPv4 packets can be unicast, broadcast, and multicast.
• There are globally routable IP addresses as assigned by the IANA and there are three ranges of private IP network addresses that cannot be routed globally but can be used on all internal private networks.
• Reduce large broadcast domains using subnets to create smaller broadcast domains, reduce overall network traffic, and improve network performance.
• Create IPv4 subnets using one or more of the host bits as network bits. However, networks are most easily subnetted at the octet boundary of /8, /16, and /24.
• Larger networks can be subnetted at the /8 or /16 boundaries.
• Use VLSM to reduce the number of unused host addresses per subnet.
• VLSM allows a network space to be divided into unequal parts. Always begin by satisfying the host requirements of the largest subnet. Continue subnetting until the host requirements of the smallest subnet are satisfied.
• When designing a network addressing scheme, consider internal, DMZ, and external requirements. Use a consistent internal IP addressing scheme with a set pattern of how addresses are allocated to each type of device.