This is a quiz database made by a student. While the class notes from the University of Calgary have been used as reference materials, this website has no affiliation to the University or the instructors involved. Please do not associate the information on this site with the University of Calgary.

If you get an answer wrong, please keep selecting other options to reveal the correct answer and explanation (if it is available). You should be able to score at least 95% (if not, go back and study your notes) because the scoring algorithm is: # right answers – # of attempts / # of questions answered * 100. So even in the middle of the quiz, you will be able to grade yourself on how well you did up that point without completing the entire quiz.

Go to: Midterm I | Final

Geology (GLGY 491-UCAL) Midterm II

Some questions have hints and explanations. Click Start to begin.

Start

Congratulations - you have completed Geology (GLGY 491-UCAL) Midterm II.

You scored %%SCORE%% out of %%TOTAL%%.

Your performance has been rated as %%RATING%%

Your answers are highlighted below.

Question 1

Take the odd one out for the correct given reason.

Tabulata, Rugosa, Scleractinia

A	Tabulata, because it is the only one that forms corals.
B	Rugosa, because we also can find them today.
C	Tabulata, because we can also find them today.
D	Scleractinia, because we can also find them today.

Question 2

In the Superphylum Lophophorata, __I__ is one of the most frequent fossils phyla and __II__ is one of the less frequent phyla.

A	I. Phoronida II. Bryozoa
B	I. Brachiopoda II. Enthoprota
C	I. Brachiopoda II. Bryozoa
D	I. Phoronida II. Enthoprota

Question 3

Morphologically Terebratulida is one of the most primitive Orders of brachipods.

A	False
B	True

Question 4

Why catastrophic meteorite bombardment events are rarely preserved on Earth as opposed to Moon, Mercury and Mars?

A	The crust of the Earth is not ductile enough to deform significantly to provide a record.
B	The oceanic water many have changed the landscape of Earth.
C	The plate tectonics may have destroyed the evidence.
D	Earth probably had less bombardments than any other planet.

Question 5

The earliest evolution of pseudopunctate shells appeared in which Order of Brachiopods (hint: Subphylum Rhynchonelliformea)?

A	Pentamerida
B	Orthida
C	Rhynchonellida
D	Productida
E	Strophomenida

Question 6

In Order Rugosa __I__ septum does not have other septa attached to it while __II__ septum has several order septae attached to them.

A	I. counter II. cardinal
B	I. counter lateral II. lateral
C	I. cardinal II. counter
D	I. lateral II. counter lateral

Question 7

Modern day stromatolites (Recent) indicates __I__ components and __II__ is populated by anaerobic (100 % of the life cycle) bacteria.

A	I. four (4) II. Oxygen-depleted zone
B	I. six (6) II. Oxygen-depleted zone
C	I. four (4) II. Undermat
D	I. four (4) II. Undermat
E	I. four (4) II. Stromatolite mass

Question 8

What is the structure that fill the void in the pseudopores on brachiopod's shells?

A	Brachidium
B	Tabula
C	Cardinal
D	Taleola
E	Median septum

Question 9

What is the function of nematocysts cells in Phylum Cnidaria?

A	Building the structures to hold the corals to the seabed (skeleton).
B	Discharging poison into a pray (feeding).
C	Distribution of organic materials throughout the body structure (circulatory).
D	Processing water to extract dissolved oxygen (respiratory).

Question 10

One of the major crisis that occurred between these two periods.

A	Carboniferous and Permian
B	Cambrian and Ordovician
C	Jurassic and Cretaceous
D	Cretaceous and Paleogene

Question 11

In Phylum Brachiopoda, notothyrium is found on __I__ , which is united with delthyrium on __II__.

A	I. Brachial valve II. Pedicle valve
B	I. umbo II. the beak
C	I. Pedicle valve II. Brachial valve
D	I. the beak II. umbo

Question 12

Which of the following classes have the most variability?

A	Class Scyphozoa
B	Class Anthozoa
C	Class Hydrozoa
D	Class Cinclaire

Question 12 Explanation: 

The Class Anthozoa have over 6000 species.

Question 13

Support for the lophophore is provided by the brachidum (hint: Phylum Brachiopoda).

A	True
B	False

Question 14

Which of the following Metazoans have?

A	Specialized organs
B	Lungs
C	Primitive organs
D	Specialized tissues

Question 15

The fossil record have well preserved evidence on biochemical evolution of early Earth.

A	True
B	False

Question 15 Explanation: 

Very hard to find evidence for this but the Isua Formation of the southwestern Greenland help us out.

Question 16

Order the following lithological items from oldest to the youngest.

I. Stromatolites numerical reduction
II. Apex Chert unit
III. Gunflint Formation
IV. Fig Tree Formation
V. Isua Formation
VI. Shark Bay stromatolites

A	(oldest) VI > III > IV > II > I > V (youngest)
B	(oldest) II > V > IV > III > I > VI (youngest)
C	(oldest) V > II > IV > III > I > VI (youngest)
D	(oldest) V > IV > II > I > III > VI (youngest)
E	(oldest) VI > II > IV > III > I > V (youngest)

Question 17

Order Spiriferida usually (not always) have pseudopunctate shell structure.

A	False, because they can be either punctate or impunctate.
B	True
C	False, because they always have impunctate shells.
D	False, because they always have punctate shells.

Question 18

What is the stratigraphic range for Order Scleractinia?

A	Ordovician to Recent
B	Triassic to Recent
C	Ordovician to Permian
D	Cambrian to Permian

Question 19

When was the first occurrence of Ediacaran fossils in the lithology?

A	~ 410 million years ago
B	~ 585 million years ago
C	~ 500 million years ago
D	~ 510 million years ago
E	~ 470 million years ago

Question 20

Which of the following Ediacara dominant fossils can grow into as large as 2 m long structures?

A	Parvancorina
B	Dickinsonia
C	Charnia
D	Tribrachidium

Question 21

Which of the following is the oldest event in Geologic history?

A	Gunflint Formation.
B	Isua Formation.
C	Fig Tree Formation
D	Apex Chert unit

Question 22

Organisms in this order add their septae in sets at 60-degree distance between each.

A	Order Rugosa
B	Order Scleractinia
C	Order Tabulata
D	Order Octocoralia

Question 23

Which of the following shell morphology is associated with very primitive functions?

A	Having a one large and one small shell.
B	Pseudopunctate shell
C	Impunctate shell
D	Punctate shell

Question 24

The maximum deposition of sediments belongs to the Banded Iron Formation occurred in which time interval?

A	Archean/Proterozoic boundary
B	Archean
C	Neoarchean
D	Lower Cambrian
E	Upper Cambrian

Question 25

Which is the only period bounded by two major crisis?

A	Permian
B	Cretaceous
C	Ordovician
D	Triassic

Question 26

What is the primary function of the organ lophophore?

A	Movement
B	Defense/attack
C	Circulatory
D	Feeding

Question 27

What is the composition of valves of linguliformea?

A	Calcitic
B	Aragonitic
C	Siliceous
D	Organophosphatic
E	Organocalcitic

Question 28

What type of organisms abundant in Tommotian fauna?

A	Prokaryotic organisms
B	Invertebrates organisms
C	Eukaryotic organisms
D	Shelly organisms

Question 28 Explanation: 

It is a division of Lower Cambrian.

Question 29

Which of the following eukaryotic organism have outer structures made of organic materials and sometimes be agglutinated?

A	Bangiomorpha
B	Torridonophycus
C	Huronipora
D	Melanocyrillium

Question 30

This Order of organisms evolved after the Permian-Triassic crisis.

A	Order Tabulata
B	Order Scleractinia
C	Order Rugosa
D	Order Heterocoralia

Question 31

This particular Order of organisms are very large ( above 10 cm) compared to others in the subphylum Rhynchonelliformea. They have no pedicle opening but ornamented with spines that cut across their shells.

A	Strophomenida
B	Rhynchonellida
C	Terebratulida
D	Atrypida
E	Productida

Question 32

Term Primordial soup (1924, Alexander Oparin of USSR) describes a mixture of living organic matter and biochemicals.

A	True
B	False

Question 32 Explanation: 

While it is True that Alexander Oparin did come up with the concept, the Primordial soup is a mixture of matter cad chemicals which are NON-LIVING!

Question 33

Which of the following fossils is the oldest one to have an exoskeleton?

A	Cloudina
B	Spriggina
C	Bonata
D	Terebratula

Question 34

Rank the following Brachiopod Groups in based on the oldest to youngest based on their dominance period in fossil record.

I. Lingulids
II. Spiriferids
III. Pentamerids
IV. Terebratulids

A	(oldest) I > III > II > IV (youngest)
B	(oldest) I > II > IV > III (youngest)
C	(oldest) I > IV> II > III (youngest)
D	(oldest) IV > I > II > III (youngest)

Question 35

What is the evolutionary existence of Order Tabulata in Subclass Zoantharia?

A	Cambrian
B	Cretaceous
C	Ordovician
D	Permian

Question 36

The Parvancorina organism have no second outer wall.

A	False
B	True

Question 37

Which of the following Orders from Subphylum Rhynchonelliformea have weak evidence to either prove or disprove their first evolutionary existence due to lack of evidence?

- Strophomenida
- Productida
- Orthida
- Pentamerida
- Rhynchonellida
- Atrypida
- Spiriferida
- Terebratulida

A	Atrypida, Productida and Pentamerida
B	Atrypida and Productida
C	Orthida, Spiriferida and Terebratulida
D	Orthida and Terebratulida
E	Spiriferida and Terebratulida

Question 38

Beak of a Brachiopod shell is found in brachial valve.

A	True
B	False

Question 39

How old is the Isua Formation?

A	About 3.2 billion years.
B	About 4.2 billion years.
C	About 2.5 billion years.
D	About 3.8 billion years.

Question 39 Explanation: 

...and was found in Greenland.

Question 40

In Order Heterocoralia, protoseptum overlaps on metasepta by growing on top of previously formed metasepta.

A	True
B	False

Question 40 Explanation: 

They never overlap on top of each other. They always forms at an offset.

Question 41

What type of Brachidium illustrated by figure C?

A	Atrypid
B	Zygospirid
C	Terebratulid
D	Spiriferid

Question 42

Formation of the iron-rich layers in the banded iron formation happens during the volcanic events.

A	False
B	True

Question 43

This is where the oldest evidence for existence of cyanobacteria is found.

A	Apex Chert from Western Australia
B	Crater rocks from Moon, Mercury and Mars
C	Isua Formation in SW Greenland Hint: Only traces of it found here; NOT strong evidence.
D	Gunflint Formation from Ontario

Question 44

Medusa stage of the organism in Phylum Cnidaria is characterized by asexual reproduction.

A	False
B	True

Question 45

Typically Brachiopod shell would have how many planes of symmetry?

A	3
B	4
C	2
D	1

Question 46

Which of the following organisms Class, Order, Family, Group or Species is the longest on fossil record? (hint: May even exist today!)

A	Orthida
B	Linguliformea
C	Productida
D	Pentamerida

Question 47

The horizontal curved plates that subdivide the zooecia in Order Trepostomata known as diaphragms.

A	False because they are known as cups.
B	True
C	False because they are known as plates.
D	False because they are known as cystiphragms.

Question 48

Which of the following Orders of Subphylum Rhynchonelliformea went extinct at Frasnian - Famennian crisis?

A	Terebratulida
B	Productida
C	Atrypida Hint: This is near the boundary NOT at the.
D	Orthida
E	Pentamerida

Question 49

Which mineral would you use for dating a rock sample (assume you found all of the following minerals) that would provide the best approximation of time?

A	Stromatolites
B	Calcite - Dolomite
C	Zircon
D	Quartz

Question 50

Polyp stage of the organism in Phylum Cnidaria is characterized by sessile habitat because the root-like structures hold them to the seabed.

A	True
B	False

Question 51

Based on fossils found in Europe, Russia and North America, how many stages in the Lower Cambrian?

A	5
B	3
C	2
D	4

Question 52

Which of the following lithological unit associated with the first evidence of prokaryote diversification?

A	Apex Chert unit
B	Isua Formation
C	Gunflint Formation
D	Shark Bay stromatolites
E	Fig Tree Formation

Question 53

The oldest fossils on Earth were discovered in which lithologic formation/unit?

A	Banded Iron Fm.
B	Isua Fm.
C	Apex Chert unit.
D	Delta calcitic unit.

Question 54

What type of Brachidium illustrated by figure B?

A	Atrypid
B	Zygospirid
C	Spiriferid
D	Terebratulid

Question 55

When is the evolutionary existence of Class Stenolaemata (Phylum Bryozoa)?

A	Cambrian
B	Cretaceous
C	Devonian
D	Ordovician

Question 56

In Order Rugosa how many degrees between the Cardinal septum and Counter septum?

A	60
B	180
C	90
D	45

Question 57

Which is false about Bryozoans?

A	All Bryozoans are asexual organisms.
B	All Bryozoans are invertebrates.
C	All Bryozoans have digestive and reproductive systems.
D	All Bryozoans are colonial.

Question 58

Organisms in Order Productida have one of the largest pedicle openings in the Phylum Brachiopoda.

A	False
B	True

Question 58 Explanation: 

They have no pedicle opening.

Question 59

Which of the following Ediacara organisms have raised arms and borders in a disk-shaped triradially symmetric body?

A	Spriggina
B	Charnia
C	Parvancorina
D	Tribrachidium

Question 60

Which type of organisms dominated the oldest stromatolites? (choose the best answer)

A	Cyanobacteria
B	Dikinsonians
C	Stromatoporoids
D	Rugose corals

Question 60 Explanation: 

You may argue for Stromatoporoids, but it is not the best option listed here.

Question 61

What is the primary driving force behind the early crust formation of Earth?

A	Temperature difference between hot Earth and the cold space.
B	Mixing of gases from two independent sources.
C	Convection currents and magmatic processes.
D	Precipitation of minerals due to extraction of water.

Question 62

The evolutionary existence of Order Fenestrata occurred in ___.

A	Cambrian
B	Jurassic
C	Neoproterozoic
D	Ordovician

Question 63

What is the shell growth type of genus Lingula?

A	Mixoperipheral
B	Sphereperipheral
C	Holoperiheral
D	Hemiperipheral

Question 64

All known Ediacaran fossils can be categorized into what type of fossil group?

A	Mineralization
B	Recrystallization
C	Impressions
D	Carbonizations

Question 65

The oldest Stromatolites were found in which formation?

A	Fig Tree Fm.
B	Gunflint Fm.
C	Banded Iron Fm.
D	Stromato Fm.

Question 66

What type of Brachidium illustrated by figure D?

A	Terebratulid
B	Atrypid
C	Zygospirid
D	Spiriferid

Question 67

In Order Trepostomata (Phylum Bryozoans; Class Stenolaemata), how many types of pores can be found?

A	three
B	five
C	six
D	two

Question 67 Explanation: 

They are autopores, mesopores and acanthopores.

Question 68

When was the last occurrence of Ediacaran fossils in the lithology?

A	~ 400 million years ago
B	~ 500 million years ago
C	~ 510 million years ago
D	~ 430 million years ago
E	~ 460 million years ago

Question 69

Which of the following statements describes hermatypic corals?

A	They are solitary corals and lives in low energy environments.
B	They are a Suborder of Order Rugosa.
C	They are reef-builders and are colonial.
D	They are highly concentrated with cyanobacteria.

Question 70

The Isua Formation most likely occurred under a reducing environmental conditions.

A	True
B	False

Question 71

Which of the following Brachiopod growth type would result in equal growth in all directions?

A	Radiocircular
B	Mixoperipheral
C	Hemipheripheral
D	Holoperipheral
E	Sphericalcircular

Question 72

The first minerals were formed ______ after the formation of Earth.

A	0.8 billion years after
B	4.0 billion years after
C	1.5 billion years after
D	0.2 billion years after

Question 72 Explanation: 

Age of Earth is about 4.6 bya and the oldest known mineral is about 4.4 bya

Question 73

Order Productida belongs to Phylum Brachiopoda evolved in ___.

A	Upper Devonian
B	Upper Ordovician
C	Lower Cambrian
D	Early Cretaceous

Question 74

What is the highest complexity in bryozoan architecture?

A	zooid
B	zooarium
C	zooecia
D	zooarozoida

Question 75

What type of Brachidium illustrated by figure A?

A	Spiriferid
B	Terebratulid
C	Zygospirid
D	Atrypid

Question 76

One of the best evidence for prokaryote diversification is found in Gunflint Formation.

A	False
B	True

Question 77

Which of the following Ediacara fossil have up to 10 possible appendages with different stages of growth?

A	Charnia
B	Parvancorina
C	Dickinsonia
D	Tribrachidium

Question 78

All of the following Orders/Subphylums may have ancestral connections to Subphylum Linguliformea, except...

A	Subphylum Craniiformea
B	Order Pentamerida
C	Order Orthida
D	Order Strophomenida

Question 79

Order the following major crises that resulted in shifts in the biological evolution from oldest (first to occur) to youngest.

I. Triassic - Jurassic crisis
II. Cretaceous - Paleogene crisis
III. Ordovician - Silurian crisis
IV. Frasnian - Famennian crisis
V. Permian - Triassic crisis

A	(oldest) II > IV > V > III > I (youngest)
B	(oldest) V > III > IV > II > I (youngest)
C	(oldest) I > II > V > III > IV (youngest)
D	(oldest) III > IV > V > I > II (youngest)

Question 80

Oldest rocks from Earth are dated back to as far as ___

A	Paleoproterozoic
B	Hadean
C	Paleozoic
D	Eoarchean
E	Neoarchean

Question 81

What is the age of oldest organic matter?

A	~ 2.7 billion years
B	~ 3.2 billion years
C	~ 4.5 billion years
D	~ 3.8 billion years

Question 82

When did the first evolution of multicellular organisms occur?

A	Neoarchean
B	Mesoproterozoic
C	Cambrian
D	Neoproterozoic

Question 83

Ahermatypic corals includes are non-reefbuilding species.

A	False, because they are reef-builders.
B	False because they are both reef-builders and non-reefbuilders.
C	True

Question 84

Rank the following Orders from Subphylum Rhynchonelliformea based on the first occurrence in lithology (oldest to youngest).

I. Strophomenida
II. Productida
III. Orthida
IV. Rhynchonellida
V. Spiriferida
VI. Terebratulida

A	(oldest) I > V > III > IV > II > VI (youngest)
B	(oldest) I > IV > III > V > II > VI (youngest)
C	(oldest) I > IV > V > III > II > VI (youngest)
D	(oldest) III > V > IV > I > II > VI (youngest)
E	(oldest) III > I > IV > V > II > VI (youngest)

Question 85

In Order Trepostomata, the term ____ is used to describe plates that subdivide zooecia.

A	cystiphragm
B	tabule
C	autopore
D	lamellate

Question 85 Explanation: 

Remember diaphragms if straight and cystiphragms if curved.

Question 86

The earliest shelly (exoskeleton) organisms were found in what stratigraphic period/era?

A	Ediacaran
B	Neoproterozoic
C	Mesoarchean
D	Paleozoic
E	Cambrian

Question 87

The evolutionary existence of Order Fenestrata occurred in ___.

A	Ordovician
B	Cambrian
C	Permian
D	Jurassic

Question 88

Organisms in Phylum Brachiopoda are mostly (not all) benthic.

A	False
B	True

Question 89

What is the dominant material/substance found in Isua Formation?

A	Calcite based minerals
B	Volcanic lava
C	Dolomite based minerals
D	Graphite

Question 90

What is the only order that includes both solitary and colonial Cnidarians?

A	Order Septalata
B	Order Scleractinia
C	Order Rugosa
D	Order Tabulata

Question 91

Which part of the modern (Recent) Stromatolites do not have any living or non-living bacteria?

A	Undermat
B	Stromatolite mass
C	Growth surface
D	Oxygen-depleted zone

Question 92

Metazoans have a circulatory system.

A	True
B	False

Question 93

Class Stenolaemata only adapted to marine environments.

A	True
B	False

Question 94

Global spread of Stromatolites began in which of the following era?

A	Hadean
B	Neoarchean
C	Proterozoic
D	Archean
E	Phanerozoic

Question 95

What is the Tommotian fauna/why is it important?

A	The earliest abundant shelly fauna that evolved on Earth.
B	The first organisms to release oxygen to the atmosphere.
C	Oldest known fossils were found in this formation.
D	The first type of fauna to process oxygen from atmosphere.

Question 96

When did the Strophomenida (in the Subphylum Rhynchonelliformea) went extinct?

A	During Cretaceous/Paleogene crisis
B	During Frasnian/Famennian crisis
C	During Permian/Triassic crisis
D	During Ordovician/Silurian crisis

Once you are finished, click the button below. Any items you have not completed will be marked incorrect. Get Results

There are 96 questions to complete.

←

List

→

Return

Shaded items are complete.

1	2	3	4	5
6	7	8	9	10
11	12	13	14	15
16	17	18	19	20
21	22	23	24	25
26	27	28	29	30
31	32	33	34	35
36	37	38	39	40
41	42	43	44	45
46	47	48	49	50
51	52	53	54	55
56	57	58	59	60
61	62	63	64	65
66	67	68	69	70
71	72	73	74	75
76	77	78	79	80
81	82	83	84	85
86	87	88	89	90
91	92	93	94	95
96	End

Return

You have completed

questions

question

Your score is

Correct

Wrong

Partial-Credit

You have not finished your quiz. If you leave this page, your progress will be lost.

Correct Answer

You Selected

Not Attempted

Final Score on Quiz

Attempted Questions Correct

Attempted Questions Wrong

Questions Not Attempted

Total Questions on Quiz

Question Details

Results

Date

Score

Hint

Time allowed

minutes

seconds

Time used

Answer Choice(s) Selected

Question Text

All done

Need more practice!

Keep trying!

Not bad!

Good work!

Perfect!

Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Marius (Dan) Georgescu during Fall 2013.
FAQ | Report an Error

In case in you have missed the additional support materials, please visit the main Exams & Resources page and check under GLGY 491.