GLGY 491 – Paleobiology

Disclaimer: While every reasonable effort is made to ensure that the information provided is accurate, no guarantees for the currency or accuracy of information are made. It takes several proof readings and rewrites to bring the quiz to an exceptional level. If you find an error, please contact me as soon as possible. Please indicate the question ID-Number or description because server may randomize the questions and answers.

Go to: Midterm I | Midterm II

If you get an answer wrong, please keep selecting other options to reveal the correct answer and explanation (if it is available). You should be able to score at least 95% (if not, go back and study your notes) because the scoring algorithm is: # right answers – # of attempts / # of questions answered * 100. So even in the middle of the quiz, you will be able to grade yourself on how well you did up that point without completing the entire quiz.

Geology (GLGY 491-UCAL) Final Exam

Some questions have hints and explanations. Click Start to begin.

Start

Congratulations - you have completed Geology (GLGY 491-UCAL) Final Exam.

You scored %%SCORE%% out of %%TOTAL%%.

Your performance has been rated as %%RATING%%

Your answers are highlighted below.

Question 1

Which number indicates the most primitive type of stipe orention of Graptolites (Graptolpoidea)? (assuming that the image is drawn with nema orienting upwards) (ID-PBF-79)

A	VI
B	I
C	V
D	II
E	III
F	IV
G	VII

Question 2

The Eurypterids evolved in the __I__ and went extinct at the __II__. (ID-PBF-61)

A	I. Silurian II. Permian-Triassic Crisis
B	I. Ordovician II. Permian-Triassic Crisis
C	I. Cambrian II. Paleogene-Cretaceous Crisis
D	I. Ordovician II. Paleogene-Cretaceous Crisis
E	I. Silurian II. Paleogene-Cretaceous Crisis
F	I. Cambrian II. Permian-Triassic Crisis

Question 3

What is the term used for describing the attachment position of the soft body in the body chamber? (ID-PBF-37)

A	hyponomic sinus
B	mural
C	anulus (or annulus)
D	anterior suture
E	septum

Question 4

Evolution of wings in Class Insecta appeared in which Geologic time period? (ID-PBF-63)

A	Carboniferous
B	Cambrian
C	Permian
D	Ordovician
E	Devonian

Question 5

What would be the best descriptor for the length of Antiarchs? (ID-PBF-26)

A	~ 35 cm
B	~ 100 cm
C	~12 cm
D	~ 150 cm

Question 6

When did the species belongs to Order Agnostida first appeared on the fossil record? (ID-PBF-56)

A	Middle Devonian
B	Middle Ordovician
C	Early Silurian
D	Early Cambrian
E	Early Ordovician

Question 7

When did the Mytiloides (spelled as Mytiloids in lecture notes) evolved? (ID-PBF-19)

A	Cambrian
B	Silurian
C	Permian
D	Devonian

Question 8

When was the Trilobites went extinct? (ID-PBF-51)

A	At the Cretaceous/Paleogene
B	At the Triassic/Jurassic
C	At the Ordovician/Silurian
D	At the Permian/Triassic

Question 9

When was the evolutionary existence of Conodonts? (ID-PBF-10)

A	Middle Jurassic
B	Silurian
C	Upper Cambrian
D	Lower Devonian
E	Lower Permian

Question 10

The trilobite morphological feature indicated with X is ____ and the feature indicated with 1 is ____ (respectively). (ID-PBF-49)

A	siphuncle, left lateral pleural lobe
B	cephalon, right lateral pleural lobe
C	thorax, left lateral pleural lobe
D	thorax, right lateral pleural lobe
E	siphuncle, right lateral pleural lobe
F	cephalon, left lateral pleural lobe

Question 11

Which of the following statements are correct for a feature found on fossils of Bivalves that were believed to be deep burrowers? (ID-PBF-18)

A	Complete (or near complete) loss of symmetry.
B	Compression of shell structures.
C	Development of feet.
D	Expansion of shell structures creating round or elliptical shape.

Question 12

The temperature range in which the Conodonts were found can be best described as between ___ degree Celsius. Choose the best option. (ID-PBF-12)

A	~ 100 - 190
B	~ 50 - 200
C	~ 190 - 300
D	~ 50 - 300

Question 12 Explanation: 

The reason why I asked for the best option is because we found these organisms below 50 and above 300 degree Celsius. But most academics and textbooks would agree it is between ~ 50 - 300 as a good range.

Question 13

What is the best chemical characteristic that describes the shells of Ostracoda? (ID-PBF-71)

A	biochemical
B	calcitic
C	delicious
D	arragonitic
E	siliceous

Question 14

Placoderms evolved in ___ and dominated the vertebrate world during ___. (answers are given in respectively). (ID-PBF-81)

A	Late Silurian , Devonian
B	Early Ordovician, Permian
C	Upper Ordovician , Permian
D	Upper Ordovician , Carboniferous
E	Early Silurian , Permian

Question 15

What Order of Trilobites is the last Order to undergo extinction? (ID-PBF-70)

A	Asaphida
B	Proetida
C	Phacopida
D	Ptychopariida
E	Agnostida

Question 16

One of the best formations for Eurypterids is the Crato Formation in Brazil. How old is this formation? (ID-PBF-62)

A	150 million years old
B	210 million years old
C	160 million years old
D	50 million years old
E	180 million years old
F	110 million years old

Question 17

When is the evolutionary existence of genus Belemnites?
Please note do not use the Internet for this question. The prof has a different eon for Belemnites than what is commonly stated in literature. 🙂 (ID-PBF-43)

A	Middle Permian
B	Late Paleozoic (aka upper Pz)
C	Late Cretaceous (aka upper K)
D	Early Cretaceous (aka lower K)
E	Early Permian (aka lower P)

Question 18

What is the difference between longicone and brevicone Cephalopod's shell morphology? (ID-PBF-36)

A	Based on the shape of the axis (curved or not) of addition.
B	Based on the coiling direction and the nature of the coil.
C	Based on the length to width ratio.
D	Based on the position of the proloculus (first chamber).
E	Based on the environment; benthic vs planktonic.

Question 19

There are folds in the Ostracods carapace morphology. The elevations of these known as __I__ and the depressions known as __II__. (ID-PBF-60)

A	I. nodes II. sulci
B	I. nodes II. dips
C	I. lobes II. sulci
D	I. lobes II. dips
E	I. peaks II. troughs

Question 20

How did the Placoderms increased mobility? (ID-PBF-23)

A	By having small boney plates that are interconnected.
B	By increasing the size of the tail.
C	By increasing the size of gills.
D	By splitting the tail into parts.

Question 21

On the following diagram of stipe orention of Graptolites (Graptolpoidea), what position is highlighted in II? (assuming that the image is drawn with nema orienting upwards) (ID-PBF-66)

A	scandent
B	pendent
C	reclined
D	recurved
E	nema
F	decurved

Question 22

Bivalves are always entirely benthic during their life cycle. (ID-PBF-16)

A	False
B	True

Question 22 Explanation: 

During larval stage, they are planktic.

Question 23

Vertebrates are dominant during what geologic period? (ID-PBF-27)

A	Devonian
B	Permian
C	Carboniferous
D	Silurian
E	Cambrian

Question 24

Which of the following statements best describe Argonauta? (ID-PBF-38)

A	They reproduce asexually.
B	They are typically found in extremely cold water environments such as the arctic.
C	They are marine organisms.
D	They evolved during the Cambrian explosion.
E	They have no known predators.

Question 25

When is the evolutionary existence of Subclass Ammonoids? (ID-PBF-44)

A	Devonian
B	Late Paleozoic (aka upper Pz)
C	Jurassic
D	Late Cambrian (aka upper ∈)
E	Early Cretaceous (aka lower K)
F	Silurian

Question 26

The Order Agnostida had a world-wide distribution (as opposed to regional distribution). (ID-PBF-57)

A	False
B	True

Question 27

Which of the following statements are correct about Phylum Hemichordata? (ID-PBF-01)

A	They do not have organs or specialized cells.
B	They are Invertebrates.
C	They have very strong evolutionary links to cephalochordates and urochordates.
D	They are mammals.

Question 28

The Calcite in the echinoderm theca is.... (ID-PBF-73)

A	democrystals
B	bio-calcites
C	synthetically produced calcites
D	oligocrystals

Question 29

What is the largest species of trilobite? (hint: Found in Churchill, Manitoba) (ID-PBF-54)

A	Isotelus rex
B	Niobids
C	Ogygites
D	Eurypterus
E	Trinucleus

Question 30

The most evolved group of echinids have this type of symmetry. (ID-PBF-72)

A	two-fold with a mirrored plane
B	Pentameral
C	Irregular
D	Regular

Question 31

When did the earliest fish-like vertebrates evolve? (ID-PBF-21)

A	Silurian
B	Ordovician
C	Ediacaran
D	Cambrian
E	Permian

Question 32

Agnostid trilobite is generally considered to be benthic. (ID-PBF-52)

A	False
B	True

Question 33

Evolutionary existence of the vertebrates, Sacabambaspis occurred in __I__ and Astraspis in the __II__. (ID-PBF-80)

A	I. Late Cambrian II. Middle Devonian
B	I. Early Silurian II. Early Devonian
C	I. Early Cambrian II. Late Ordovician
D	I. Early Cambrian II. Late Cambrian
E	I. Early Silurian II. Middle Devonian

Question 34

When is the evolutionary existence of Order Nautilid (Nautilida)? (ID-PBF-47)

A	Mid Devonian
B	Late Silurian (aka upper S)
C	Early Permian (aka lower P)
D	Late Cambrian (aka upper ∈)
E	Mid Cretaceous

Question 35

When was the evolutionary existence of Chordates? (ID-PBF-04)

A	Silurian
B	Ordovician
C	Cambrian
D	Jurassic
E	Permian

Question 35 Explanation: 

Early and middle Cambrian

Question 36

This genus is characterized by a straight shell (as opposed to coiled). (ID-PBF-41)

A	Nipponites
B	Aragonauta
C	Ceratites
D	Nautilus
E	Baculites

Question 37

In Dendroid Graptolite morphology, the connecting structure between the first zooid and the basal disk is known as... (ID-PBF-78)

A	nema
B	theca
C	autotheca
D	stipe
E	sicula
F	nema

Question 38

Which of the following is the first Chordate to utilize a free-swimming larva? (ID-PBF-03)

A	Enterponeuts
B	Urochordates
C	Tunicates
D	Cephalochordates

Question 39

What type of symmetry organisms in Class Helicoplacozoa has? (ID-PBF-28)

A	spherical
B	pentameral
C	radial
D	bilateral
E	lacks symmetry

Question 40

The organisms belong Class __I__ has a shallow water habitat while the Class __II__ has a deep water habitat. (ID-PBF-64)

A	I. Asterozoa II. Ophiuroidea
B	I. Ophiuroidea II. Asterozoa
C	I. Hughmilleria II. Stylonurus
D	I. Hughmilleria II. Pterygotus
E	I. Pterygotus II. Hughmilleria

Question 41

What is the aperture shape of II on the following diagram? (ID-PBF-34)

A	open
B	visored
C	constricted
D	contracted
E	peristome projections

Question 42

Which of the following trilobite Orders includes species with Schizochroal eyes? (ID-PBF-58)

A	Agnostida
B	Phacopida
C	Ptychopariida
D	Redlichiida
E	Corynexochida

Question 43

When is the evolutionary existence of genus Ceratites? (ID-PBF-39)

A	Early Permian (aka lower P)
B	Late Cambrian (aka upper ∈)
C	Late Paleozoic (aka upper Pz)
D	Middle Triassic
E	Early Cretaceous (aka lower K)

Question 44

Cephalopods with Longicone shell morphology will always have a curved elongation axis. (ID-PBF-65)

A	False
B	True

Question 44 Explanation: 

Cyrtoconic type will have a curve axis while the Orthoconic type, which also in the Longicone category have a straight elongation axis.

Question 45

If you love to travel around the world, what would be the best possible Order of Trilobites to study and why? (Bit of trick question, but should be easy.) (ID-PBF-74)

A	Agnostida because they were the last one to undergo extinction.
B	Proetida because they are the most abundant across the world.
C	Asaphida because they were found in almost all continents of the world.
D	Agnostida because they were found in almost all continents of the world.
E	Proetida because they were the last one to undergo extinction.

Question 46

Order Nautilida, the largest chamber is situated in the _____ direction. (ID-PBF-31)

A	ventral
B	anterior
C	septal
D	posterior

Question 47

The most primitive trilobites falls under this Order. (ID-PBF-55)

A	Agnostida
B	Proetida
C	Redlichiida
D	Asaphida
E	Lichida

Question 48

When is the evolutionary existence of Genus Drepanaspis? (ID-PBF-25)

A	Early Cambrian
B	Late Devonian
C	Middle Cambrian
D	Late Cambrian
E	Early Devonian

Question 49

Bivalves with umbos will have their umbos pointed to what direction (ignore the uncommon odd one)? (ID-PBF-17)

A	Ventral
B	Anterior
C	Dorsal
D	Posterior

Question 50

What is the stratigraphic range of Stethacanthus sp.? (ID-PBF-14)

A	Devonian to Early Carboniferous
B	Jurassic to Holocene (Recent)
C	Cambrian to Late Permian
D	Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic

Question 51

In Bivalves, the ____ is at the posterior position. (ID-PBF-15)

A	inhalant siphon
B	exhalant siphon
C	byssal threads
D	digestive track

Question 52

Conodonts were highly evolved during __I__ and became extinct during __II__ crisis. (ID-PBF-09)

A	I. Mesozoic II. Permian/Triassic
B	I. Mesozoic II. Triassic/Jurassic
C	I. Ordovician II. Permian/Triassic
D	I. Cambrian II. Triassic/Jurassic
E	I. Ordovician II. Triassic/Jurassic

Question 53

What is the aperture shape of III on the following diagram? (ID-PBF-33)

A	contracted
B	visored
C	peristome projections
D	constricted
E	open

Question 54

Generally Cephalopods have what type of symmetry? (ID-PBF-29)

A	No symmetry due to advanced evolution of the species.
B	Coiled
C	Bilateral
D	Pentameral

Question 55

What is the economic significance of conodonts? (ID-PBF-06)

A	They are valuable as a jewellery.
B	They are indicator fossils that often leads to deposits of coal.
C	They are used in cutting saws and other tools.
D	They be used to determine the best areas for oil and gas extraction.

Question 56

The Mollusca Class Polyplacophora was given that name because... (ID-PBF-82)

A	their shell is consist of several small shelly parts.
B	they have several different spines on their shell for defense.
C	they have several sets of eyes.
D	their muscles are consist of several specialized tissues.
E	they have many feet.

Question 57

When is the evolutionary existence of Genus Rolfosteus? (ID-PBF-24)

A	Early Cambrian
B	Upper Cambrian
C	Late Devonian
D	Early Devonian
E	Lower Cambrian
F	Middle Cambrian

Question 58

The Conodonts fossils found today most likely part of what system in the conodont animals? (ID-PBF-08)

A	Chewing
B	Movement
C	Respiratory
D	Circulatory

Question 59

When did the Inoceramids evolved? (ID-PBF-20)

A	Lower Cambrian
B	Upper Cretaceous Hint: Played a major role; but this is NOT when it evolved.
C	Permian
D	Lower Silurian

Question 60

The most primitive chordates have pharynx with gills. (ID-PBF-02)

A	True
B	False because they occurred in non primitive chordates.
C	False because gills are never (even in most advanced form) a morphological feature of Hemicordate.
D	False because while some chordates had gills, majority of primitive chordates had none.

Question 61

Which of the following went extinct at the Cretaceous/Paleogene crisis? (ID-PBF-48)

A	Bactritoids
B	Ceratites
C	Belemnites
D	Nautilids

Question 62

Which of the following statement is correct about Conodonts? (ID-PBF-11)

A	They have a shell composed of inorganic matter.
B	Their colour will varies with heat.
C	They have a shell composed of agglutinated silicon particles.
D	They are the direct ancestors of modern humans.

Question 63

Which of the following feature in Cephalopods can be found in the ventral position? (ID-PBF-30)

A	hyponomic sinus
B	cardinal sinus
C	proloculus
D	septal neck

Question 64

Which of the the features you would expect to find on a trilobite with a borrowing habitat? (ID-PBF-53)

A	Smooth outer shell (carapace)
B	Spines
C	Large, 360-degree type eyes
D	Segmented carapace

Question 65

What is the trilobite morphological feature indicated with Z? (ID-PBF-50)

A	pygidium
B	cephalon
C	siphuncle
D	thorax
E	axial lobe

Question 66

On the following diagram of stipe orention of Graptolites (Graptolpoidea), what position is highlighted in III and IV respectively... (assuming that the image is drawn with nema orienting upwards) (ID-PBF-67)

A	decurved , horizontal
B	decurved , pendent
C	scandent , pendent
D	recurved , horizontal
E	reclined , horizontal
F	recurved , pendent
G	scandent , horizontal

Question 67

The Cephalopod's shell morphology in which the spiral coiling is tightly touching each other without any form of overlap is known as... (ID-PBF-35)

A	Evolute
B	Torticone
C	Gyrocone
D	Brevicone
E	Involute

Question 68

The trilobite Order Proetida evolved in the __I__ and went extinct at the __II__. (ID-PBF-59)

A	I. Middle Ordovician II. Paleogene-Cretaceous Crisis
B	I. Early Silurian II. Paleogene-Cretaceous Crisis
C	I. Late Cambrian II. Paleogene-Cretaceous Crisis
D	I. Late Cambrian II. Permian-Triassic Crisis
E	I. Middle Ordovician II. Permian-Triassic Crisis
F	I. Early Silurian II. Permian-Triassic Crisis

Question 69

Burgess shale from B.C., Canada has an elongated body. What is the typical length of these organisms? (ID-PBF-05)

A	~ 30 cm
B	~ 100 cm
C	~ 70 cm
D	~ 5 cm

Question 70

On the following diagram of stipe orention of Graptolites (Graptolpoidea), the position of pendent type is highlighted what number? (assuming that the image is drawn with nema orienting upwards) (ID-PBF-68)

A	I
B	III
C	V
D	II
E	IV
F	VII

Question 71

When is the evolutionary existence of genus Baculites? (ID-PBF-40)

A	Late Cretaceous (aka upper K)
B	Early Cretaceous (aka lower K)
C	Late Paleozoic (aka upper Pz)
D	Early Permian (aka lower P)
E	Middle Permian

Question 72

Sacabambaspis fossils were found all around the world including China. (ID-PBF-13)

A	False
B	True

Question 72 Explanation: 

They were only found in the Western Hemisphere.

Question 73

What is the aperture shape of V on the following diagram? (ID-PBF-77)

A	open
B	peristome projections
C	visored
D	contracted
E	constricted

Question 74

The Cephalopod's shell morphology in which the spiral coiling overlaps creating a 3D structure is known as... (ID-PBF-46)

A	Torticone
B	Gyrocone
C	Evolute
D	Involute
E	Brevicone

Question 75

The Cephalopod's shell morphology in which the spiral coiling has space between them (coils are not touching) known as... (ID-PBF-32)

A	Involute
B	Gyrocone
C	Brevicone
D	Evolute
E	Torticone

Question 76

___ was one of the first fishes to develop a strong tail for movement. (ID-PBF-22)

A	Saccabambaspis
B	Astraspis
C	Lasanius
D	Placoderms

Question 77

This genus is characterized by streptospiral coiling. (ID-PBF-42)

A	Nipponites
B	Aragonauta
C	Baculites
D	Nautilus
E	Ceratites

Question 78

On the following diagram of stipe orention of Graptolites (Graptolpoidea), what position is highlighted in V and VI respectively... (assuming that the image is drawn with nema orienting upwards) (ID-PBF-69)

A	decurved , declined
B	recurved , scandent
C	decurved , recurved
D	decurved , pendent
E	recurved , pendent
F	recurved , declined

Question 79

What is the primary purpose of Eurypterids telson? (ID-PBF-76)

A	Movement across surfaces
B	Sexual reproduction
C	Buoyancy control (up-down movement in water)
D	Defense and prey

Question 79 Explanation: 

At the early evolution it is used for defense and prey, but later it was also used for movement. However, the primary function remains to be defense and prey.

Question 80

Conodonts can be used for which of the following (choose the best)? (ID-PBF-07)

A	Determining the depth of burial.
B	Determining the reasons for Cambrian explosion.
C	Determining the pale-enviroment.
D	Determining the causes of Permian-Triassic extinction.

Question 80 Explanation: 

You could argue for Cambrian explosion. But there are much better fossil samples to provide data on this event than conodonts.

Question 81

The following is an organism belongs to Class Eocrinoidea in Phylum Echinodermata. According to morphological classification convention, the area highlighted in red is ______ , the area highlighted in blue is ______ and the area highlighted in green is ______ (answer is in receptive order). (ID-PBF-75)

Original Image: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gogia_spiralis_Utah.jpg

A	stem(red), theca(blue), holdfast(green)
B	ventral cavity(red), body cavity(blue), root structure(green)
C	brachioles(red), theca(blue), stem(green)
D	brachioles(red), theca(blue), holdfast(green)
E	ventral cavity(red), bulbus(blue), root structure(green)
F	stem(red), brachioles(blue), theca(green)

Question 82

What is the aperture shape of IV on the following diagram? (ID-PBF-45)

A	open
B	visored
C	constricted
D	contracted
E	peristome projections

Once you are finished, click the button below. Any items you have not completed will be marked incorrect. Get Results

There are 82 questions to complete.

←

List

→

Return

Shaded items are complete.

1	2	3	4	5
6	7	8	9	10
11	12	13	14	15
16	17	18	19	20
21	22	23	24	25
26	27	28	29	30
31	32	33	34	35
36	37	38	39	40
41	42	43	44	45
46	47	48	49	50
51	52	53	54	55
56	57	58	59	60
61	62	63	64	65
66	67	68	69	70
71	72	73	74	75
76	77	78	79	80
81	82	End

Return

You have completed

questions

question

Your score is

Correct

Wrong

Partial-Credit

You have not finished your quiz. If you leave this page, your progress will be lost.

Correct Answer

You Selected

Not Attempted

Final Score on Quiz

Attempted Questions Correct

Attempted Questions Wrong

Questions Not Attempted

Total Questions on Quiz

Question Details

Results

Date

Score

Hint

Time allowed

minutes

seconds

Time used

Answer Choice(s) Selected

Question Text

All done

Need more practice!

Keep trying!

Not bad!

Good work!

Perfect!

You may download this exam as a PDF file here.

Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Marius (Dan) Georgescu during Fall 2013. Proofreading and corrections were made by fellow students in GLGY 491 course.
FAQ | Report an Error

Since, Dr. Georgescu decided to repeat some of the questions from the first two midterms, some questions posted on this quiz may also have appeared on the previous 491 quizzes. However, please study the BlackBoard questions for previous exam questions.

In case in you have missed the additional support materials, please visit the main Exams & Resources page and check under GLGY 491. Note: No questions from the two midterms are posted here. But there will be some questions from them on the final. Refer to previous 491 exams.

Quick… save the world!

The world is about to get hit by a meteorite. The computer that controls the high intensity electron beam (use for destroying the extraterrestrial objects) has been hijacked by Graptolites. But they got a riddle for you. What are their orientation from I to VII? If you name them in 30 seconds or less, you may be able to save the world (Disclaimer: Probably of saving the world is a function of the power of the electron beam and it is inversely related to the time in which it take you to shoot it. In other words, the longer your take, 1/t will result in unfavorable outcomes. Once the riddle is solved, you will be granted with the access code. However, use it wisely!).