Economics 203 is the Principles Of Macroeconomics class. Depending on the Professor, the exams format may or may not be multiple choice. This quiz only covers materials from Chapters 9, 10, 11, 14, 15 and 16 from 6th Canadian Edition of Principles of Macroeconomics by Mankiw, Kneebone and McKenzie. You may try Midterm I and Final exams for questions from other chapters.

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Economics (ECON 203-UCAL) Final Exam

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Question 1

When does the arbitrage opportunity exists for Canadians? (ID-MAF-37)

A	When the purchasing power parity is at the equilibrium.
B	When the price levels in Canada is lower than rest of the world.
C	During periods of appreciation in Canadian dollar.
D	During an inflation in the Canadian market.

Question 2

Janet loses his job and immediately begins looking for another. Ceteris paribus, (ID-MAF-47)

A	the unemployment rate increases and the labor force participation increases.
B	the unemployment rate is unaffected and the labor force participation increases.
C	the unemployment rate increases and the labor force participation is unaffected.
D	the unemployment rate decreases and the labor force participation is unaffected.
E	the unemployment rate increases and the labor force participation decreases.
F	the unemployment rate decreases and the labor force participation decreases.

Question 3

In the short-run economics, what is the relationship between the money demanded and the interest rate? (ID-MAF-14)

A	The interest rate changes at a rate of as twice as much as the money demanded.
B	The money demanded changes at a rate of as twice as much as the interest rate.
C	They are directly related to each other.
D	They are inversely related to each other.

Question 4

This theory suggests that the decrease in price level will result in higher purchasing power when describing the aggregate demand curve. (ID-MAF-15)

A	Adverse Supply Shock
B	Real Exchange Rate Effect
C	Pigou's Wealth Effect
D	Keynes' Effect
E	Sticky-wage Theory

Question 5

A short-run Phillips curve shows an inverse relationship between (ID-MAF-58)

A	prices and quantity demand.
B	inflation & unemployment.
C	interest rates and borrowing.
D	income and consumption.
E	wage rate and unemployment.

Question 6

According to misrepresentation theory of short run aggregate supply curve, which of the following is true? (ID-MAF-60)

A	Supply of goods will decrease as production levels falls.
B	Prices would not be adjusted properly to the fluctuations in cost of raw materials.
C	Wages of workers will increase as profit for companies increase.
D	Wages would not be properly adjusted to the price fluctuations in the market.

Question 7

If the reserve ratio is 25% and banks do not hold excess reserves, when the Bank of Canada sells $50 million of bonds to the public, bank reserves will (ID-MAF-16)

A	decrease by $50 million and money supply decreases by $200 million.
B	increase by $50 million and money supply decreases by $800 million.
C	increase by $50 million and money supply decreases by $300 million.
D	decrease by $50 million and money supply decreases by $800 million.
E	increase by $50 million and money supply decreases by $200 million.

Question 8

Natural rate of unemployment is... (ID-MAF-08)

A	the unemployment rate corrected for inflation, skill levels and other external factors.
B	amount of unemployment that an economy normally experiences.
C	rate at which the unemployment fluctuates.
D	determined only based on the permanent long-term employment opportunities.

Question 9

Lowering of reserve ratio by Bank of Canada will result in which of the following? (ID-MAF-30)

A	Increase in money supply.
B	Increase in public confidence in the economy.
C	Increase in unemployment.
D	Contractionary monetary environment.

Question 10

Which of the following equations represents a closed economy? (ID-MAF-46)

A	Y = C + I + G
B	Y = C + I + G +NX
C	S = I - G
D	Y = C + I + G - NX
E	I = Y - C + G

Question 11

Expansionary fiscal policy will typically result in which of the follwong? (ID-MAF-20)

A	Increase in government spending and decrease in tax rate.
B	Decrase in government spending and increase in tax rates.
C	Increase in government spending and increase in tax rate.
D	Decrease in government spending and decrease in tax rate.

Question 12

What would you label the green curve on the following simplified inflation verses unemployment graph? (ID-MAF-35)

A	Long Run Demand Curve
B	Short Run Phillips Curve
C	Long Run Phillips Curve
D	Short Run Supply Curve
E	Employment Curve
F	Inflation Curve

Question 13

The natural unemployment rate is different from observed unemployment rate due to which of the following? (ID-MAF-02)

A	Cyclical unemployment
B	Structural unemployment
C	Fluidity of natural unemployment
D	Rules imposed by governments

Question 14

Which of the following is not a duty of Bank of Canada? (ID-MAF-03)

A	Manage funds for the federal government.
B	Facilitate financial activities of large corporations.
C	Govern the monitory policies of the country.
D	Act as a commercial bank for financial intermediaries.
E	Issue currency for circulation.

Question 15

Labor force or workforce includes... (ID-MAF-01)

A	all the people who are legally allow to work.
B	everyone over the age of 18 in Canada. Hint: In Canada people as young as 14 years old can work.
C	all the people who are currently employed in full time jobs.
D	all the people that are currently employed.

Question 16

What is the primary premise for efficiency wages? (ID-MAF-54)

A	Higher wages will allow the company to be competitive in the open market operations by increasing the profit marking through price adjustments.
B	Consumers are most likely to buy goods and use services from companies that offer higher wages.
C	Higher the wage, lower will be the cost of obtaining raw materials.
D	Workers are least likely to leave the company in the long run hence reducing costs associated with restaffing.
E	Workers are most likely to postpone their retirement hence increasing the number of experienced workers.

Question 17

Ceteris paribus, the foreign price level increase compared to the Canadian price level. This would result in which of the following? (ID-MAF-07)

A	Decrease in nominal exchange rate and the Canadian dollar would depreciate.
B	Increase in nominal exchange rate and the Canadian dollar would appreciate.
C	Decrease in nominal exchange rate and no ambiguous change to the Canadian dollar.
D	Decrease in nominal exchange rate and the Canadian dollar would appreciate.
E	Increase in nominal exchange rate and the Canadian dollar would depreciate.

Question 18

Purchasing power parity is strongly associated with which of the following? (ID-MAF-05)

A	Lonable funds
B	Inflation
C	Doughnuts
D	Investments
E	Exchange rates

Question 19

What is the purchasing power of a Canadian consumer if an item in Canada is sold for $4.00 CAD while the same item is sold in US for $3.00 CAD? (ID-MAF-28)

A	4.00
B	1.00
C	3.00
D	0.75

Question 19 Explanation: 

(Foreign Price)/(Domestic Price) = PPP
($3.00)/($4.00) = 0.75

Question 20

What would happen to the aggregate demand curve if the government spends more and at the same time price level decreases? (ID-MAF-17)

A	The aggregate demand (AD) curve would not shift, but we would move up along the AD curve.
B	The aggregate demand curve would move to the right.
C	The outcome is ambiguous.
D	The aggregate demand (AD) curve would not shift, but we would move down along the AD curve.
E	The aggregate demand curve would move to the left.

Question 20 Explanation: 

GDP = Y = C + I + G and if the G increases, then the Y increases resulting shift to the right. The change in price level would not shift the curve. Shift is as a result of change in Y.

Question 21

In the following figure, without a minimum-wage law, the equilibrium market wage is ______, and the equilibrium market quantity of labour hired is ______. (ID-MAF-50)

A	W0 , L1
B	W1 , L0
C	W1 , L2
D	W1 , L1
E	W0 , L0

Question 22

If the Bank of Canada conducts open market purshases, the money supply will... (ID-MAF-19)

A	decrease and aggregate demand curve will not shift.
B	decrease and aggregate demand curve will shift to the right.
C	increase and aggregate demand curve will shift to the left.
D	increase and aggregate demand curve will not shift.
E	increase and aggregate demand curve will shift to the right.

Question 23

The inconvertible paper money made legal tender by a government decree is known as.... (ID-MAF-04)

A	fiat money.
B	tender.
C	currency.
D	bater.
E	credits.

Question 24

Which of the following statement best describes inflation tax? (ID-MAF-44)

A	Government prints more money to generate revenue.
B	Government restrict the sales of both public and private bonds.
C	Government regulates the free market.
D	Government increase the reserve ratio for all banks.
E	Government deregulates the free market.

Question 24 Explanation: 

By definition, inflation tax is the revenue the government raises by creating money. This process will result in lowering of the value of money.

Question 25

According to quantity theory of money, the increase in money supply will result in which of the following? (ID-MAF-39)

A	Increase in inflation rate
B	Decrease in velocity of money
C	Decrease in price
D	Increase in velocity of money

Question 25 Explanation: 

MV = PY, and increase in M (money supply) will proportionally increase the Price (P). Increase in price will result in inflation.

Question 26

Calculate the labor force using following statistical data from a particular country. Assume the age of majority is 18. (ID-MAF-24)
Total population = 44 million
Population under 18 = 8 million
Non-residents (visitors) not counted in total population = 4 million

A	5 million
B	40 million
C	Not enough information is provided to answer this question.
D	36 million
E	44 million

Question 26 Explanation: 

Labor force = Total population - Population under 18

Question 27

In the following figure, the quantity of labour supplied after the imposition of the minimum wage law is ______, the equilibrium market quantity of labour demanded is ______, and the amount of unemployment or surplus labour is ______. (ID-MAF-52)

A	L0 , L0, zero
B	L1 , L1, zero
C	L2 , L1, L2 minus L1
D	L2 , L0, L2 minus L0
E	L1 , L2, zero
F	L0 , L1, L0 minus L1

Question 28

In the following figure, the equilibrium market wage after the imposition of the minimum wage law is ______, and the equilibrium market quantity of labour hired is ______. (ID-MAF-51)

A	W1 , L1
B	W0 , L0
C	W1 , L2
D	W0 , L1
E	W1 , L0

Question 29

How would you describe the intersection point II between red and green curves on the following simplified inflation verses unemployment graph? (ID-MAF-36)

A	Long run Phillip equilibrium.
B	Natural rate of unemployment at equilibrium.
C	Expected inflation under expansionary monitory policy.
D	Short run inflation rate.

Question 30

Given the following currency rates, which currency(ice) is/are less valuable than predicted by the purchasing power parity (PPP)? (ID-MAF-12)

Country	Currency	Currency per Canadian $	Canadian Price Index	Currency Price Index
Bolivia	Boliviano	5.00	100	500
Japan	Yen	100.00	100	20,000
Morocco	Dirham	10.00	100	2000
Thailand	Baht	30.00	100	2500
Australian	Dollar	2.00	100	350

A	Australian Dollar and Japanese Yen
B	Japanese Yen, Moroccan Dirham and Australian Dollar
C	Japanese Yen
D	Moroccan Dirham
E	Bolivian Boliviano
F	Thai Baht

Question 30 Explanation: 

Thai Baht because PPP predicted is 30 but the calculated is 2500/100 = 25, which is less than 30.

Question 31

Which of the following groups would most likely gain from unanticipated inflation? (ID-MAF-57)

A	Individuals who have borrowed money at fixed interest rates.
B	Banks that have loaned all excess reserves at a fixed interest rate.
C	Individuals who have fixed retirement incomes
D	Individuals who earn high incomes
E	Landlords who own apartments in cities with rent controls

Question 32

Given the following currency rates, which currency(ice) does purchasing power parity hold? (ID-MAF-11)

Country	Currency	Currency per Canadian $	Canadian Price Index	Currency Price Index
Bolivia	Boliviano	5.00	100	500
Japan	Yen	100.00	100	20,000
Morocco	Dirham	10.00	100	2000
Thailand	Baht	30.00	100	2500
Australian	Dollar	2.00	100	350

A	Bolivia and Morocco
B	Bolivia
C	Japan
D	Thailand and Australia
E	Japan, Morocco and Thailand

Question 32 Explanation: 

For Bolivia, 500/100 = 5.00 hence the PPP holds.

Question 33

If the Bank of Canada requires banks to have a reserve ratio of 6%, how much of $1000 should a particular bank keep in its reserve? (ID-MAF-31)

A	None
B	$940
C	$30
D	$1160
E	$60

Question 33 Explanation: 

6% of $1000 must be kept as reserves.

Question 34

According to the quantity theory of money, which of the following variable is least effected by increase or decrease in money supply? (ID-MAF-43)

A	Velocity of money
B	Nominal GDP
C	Price level
D	Real GDP

Question 34 Explanation: 

MV = PY and velocity of money (V) is relatively stable and all other variable are highly influenced by money supply.

Question 35

Suppose Bank of Canada requires all banks to have reserve ratio of exactly 5%. If $1000 enters the Canadian banking system, what is the cumulative new deposit value of that $1000? (ID-MAF-23)

A	$3000
B	$4500
C	$10,000
D	$5000
E	$20,000

Question 35 Explanation: 

$1000 x (1/0.5) = $20,000

Question 36

What is the velocity of money if 50 loonies circulating in the economy with a price of a typical bundle of goods is $40 and the real GDP is 70 bundles? (ID-MAF-41)

A	70
B	56
C	5
D	30

Question 36 Explanation: 

MV = PY
Note 50 loonies = $50; suppose it is 50 ten dollar bills, then you must multiply 50 x 10 = $500 to obtain the value for M. M variable is the monitory value of the money itself not how many coins/notes in circulation.

Question 37

According to the following simplified inflation verses unemployment graph, which action would cause the economy to move from position III to position IV? (ID-MAF-59)

A	Contractionary monetary policy involving decrease in banking reserve ratio.
B	Expansionary monitory policy involving decrease in banking reserve ratio.
C	Contractionary monetary policy involving buying bonds from the public by Bank of Canada.
D	Expansionary monitory policy involving decrease in money supply.

Question 38

The Phillip Curve deals with which of the following? (ID-MAF-21)

A	It deals with sort run tradeoffs between government spending and tax increases.
B	It deals with long run tradeoffs between inflation and unemplymet.
C	It deals with sort run tradeoffs between inflation and unemplymemt.
D	It deals with long run tradeoffs between government spending and tax increases.

Question 39

A person is said to be unemployed due to all of the following criteria except... (ID-MAF-27)

A	if the person has been employed within the last few weeks, but currently have no employment.
B	if the person is waiting to start a new job.
C	employment is hindered or prevented by physical disabilities.
D	if the person is searching for employment, but lacks proper skills or education.

Question 40

When a union bargains successfully with an employer, it ______ the quantity of labour supplied and ______ the quantity of labour demanded, resulted in ______. (ID-MAF-53)

A	raises , raises , more unemployment
B	lowers , raises , unemployment
C	lowers , lowers , unemployment
D	raises , lowers , more unemployment
E	None of the answers are correct.

Question 41

Which of the following would shift the short-run aggregate supply curve to the right? (ID-MAF-34)

A	A decrease in the expected price level.
B	A decrease in the price level.
C	A decrease in the capital stock.
D	A decrease in natural resources.
E	None of the answers are correct.

Question 41 Explanation: 

According to Y = Y_N + a (P - P^e).

Question 42

If the Bank of Canada want to move from position I to position II on the following simplified inflation verses unemployment graph, which action should they take? (ID-MAF-38)

A	Lower the reserve ratio.
B	Increase the money supply.
C	Open market operations of selling bonds.
D	Lower the bank rate.

Question 42 Explanation: 

Bank of Canada should implement a contractionary monetary policy.

Question 43

The net exports also known as the... (ID-MAF-13)

A	global input.
B	balanced trade.
C	global economy.
D	global influence.
E	trade balance.

Question 44

Which of the following describes the situation of debasing through coinage? (ID-MAF-32)

A	Replacement of one currency by a lower valued currency.
B	Government producing coins with lower amounts of precious metals during a recession.
C	Acquisition of less goods at a higher price level.
D	Unintentional wear off of coins.
E	Clipping of money by the population that uses it.

Question 45

Ceteris paribus, if the employment rate of a country is 85%, what is the unemployment rate? (ID-MAF-26)

A	15% because labor force must add up to 100%.
B	The unemployment rate cannot be determined with the given information.
C	42.5% or half of employment rate.
D	It is depend on the adult population.

Question 46

Change in market price will... (ID-MAF-40)
a) _______ aggregate supply curve
b) _______ aggregate demand curve.

A	shift , have no effect on
B	shift , shift
C	have no effect on , shift
D	have no effect on , have no effect on
E	None of the listed answers are correct.

Question 46 Explanation: 

However, if the expected price (not the market price) changes, the aggregate supply curve would shift one way or the other.

Question 47

The ____ is the rate banks typically charge other banks for loans and ____ is the rate which banks changes for loans for their best customers. (ID-MAF-33)

A	None of the answers are correct.
B	overnight rate , prime rate
C	standard rate , prime rate
D	bank rate , prime rate
E	prime rate , standard rate

Question 48

Improved international relations and more optimistic population will result in which of the following? (ID-MAF-18)

A	Shift in aggregate demand curve to the left, increased spending and increase in interest rate.
B	Shift in aggregate demand curve to the right, increased spending and decrease in interest rate.
C	Shift in aggregate demand curve to the right, increased spending and increase in interest rate.
D	None of the the answers are correct.
E	Shift in aggregate demand curve to the left, increased spending and decrease in interest rate.

Question 49

James has just finish high school and started looking for his first job, but he was unable to find employment. Ceteris paribus, (ID-MAF-48)

A	the unemployment rate is unaffected and the labor force participation increases.
B	the unemployment rate decreases and the labor force participation is unaffected.
C	the unemployment rate increases and the labor force participation decreases.
D	the unemployment rate increases and the labor force participation is unaffected.
E	the unemployment rate decreases and the labor force participation decreases.
F	the unemployment rate increases and the labor force participation increases.

Question 50

A person may save money through the financial system. Which of the following saving type considered as a demand deposit? (ID-MAF-10)

A	A saving account with investments to supply the demands of lonable funds.
B	Buying a stock from a company.
C	A tax free saving account a high interest and mixed investments.
D	A chequing account with no interest.
E	Buying a bond from a company or the government.

Question 51

Clipping, sweating and debasing are examples of which of the following? (ID-MAF-09)

A	Changes in the inflation rate.
B	Depreciation of the value of fiat money.
C	Appreciation of the value of fiat money.
D	Types of monitory controls by the government.

Question 52

Which of the following has the greatest influence on net exports? (ID-MAF-45)

A	Nominal exchange rate
B	Output or real GDP
C	Domestic price level
D	Real exchange rate

Question 52 Explanation: 

All of the above answers have some form of an impact on net exports. However, the most impact is caused by the changes in nominal exchange rate.

Question 53

Ceteris paribus, how would the Canadian consumers normally react if the Canadian dollar depreciates? (ID-MAF-56)

A	Canadian consumers will buy fewer domestic goods and fewer foreign goods.
B	Canadian consumers will buy more domestic goods and fewer foreign goods.
C	Canadian consumers will buy more domestic goods and more foreign goods.
D	Canadian consumers will buy fewer domestic goods and more foreign goods.

Question 54

If the exchange rate changes from 80 yen per Canadian dollar to 85 yen per Canadian dollar, then the Canadian dollar has... (ID-MAF-55)

A	revalued.
B	devalued.
C	depreciated.
D	appreciated.

Question 55

Typically, how would inflation impact the nominal interest rate of a country? (ID-MAF-42)

A	Increase in 1% point of inflation would result in increase in 2% point in nominal interest rate.
B	There is no relationship between the nominal interest rate and inflation.
C	Increasing inflation would lead to decrease in nominal interest rate.
D	Increasing inflation would lead to increase in nominal interest rate.
E	Increase in 1% point of inflation would result in decrease in 2% point in nominal interest rate.

Question 55 Explanation: 

Inflation would add to the real interest rate and how much it increase is typically 1:1. The nominal interest rate = real I + Inflation

Question 56

The statement, every 1% increase in unemployment rate would lead to GDP to lower by 2% is best known as... (ID-MAF-22)

A	Inflation Principle
B	Okun's Law
C	Liquidity Effect
D	Crowding Out Effect
E	Short Run Economics Principle
F	Principle of Economic Relativity

Question 57

Ceteris paribus, if an unemployed person quits looking for work, (ID-MAF-49)

A	the unemployment rate increases and the labor force participation decreases.
B	the unemployment rate is unaffected and the labor force participation increases.
C	the unemployment rate decreases and the labor force participation is unaffected.
D	the unemployment rate increases and the labor force participation increases.
E	the unemployment rate increases and the labor force participation is unaffected.
F	the unemployment rate decreases and the labor force participation decreases.

Question 58

Ceteris paribus, the domestic price level increase compared to the foreign price level. This would result in which of the following? (ID-MAF-29)

A	Increase in nominal exchange rate and the Canadian dollar would appreciate.
B	Decrease in nominal exchange rate and the Canadian dollar would appreciate.
C	Decrease in nominal exchange rate and no ambiguous change to the Canadian dollar.
D	Increase in nominal exchange rate and the Canadian dollar would depreciate.
E	Decrease in nominal exchange rate and the Canadian dollar would depreciate.

Question 59

Arbitrage opportunities exists when... (ID-MAF-06)

A	the exchange rate falls significantly.
B	the exchange rate increases significantly at the same time the inflation rate falls.
C	two or more markets are not at equilibrium.
D	two or more markets are at equilibrium.

Question 59 Explanation: 

Arbitrage is basically buying in one market and simultaneously selling in another, profiting from a temporary difference. This is considered riskless profit for the investor/trader.

Question 60

Which of the following is the best action a government should take to lower the natural unemployment rate? (ID-MAF-25)

A	Increase funding for post secondary education.
B	Decrease the minimum wage.
C	Implement an expansionary fiscal policy.
D	Increase the minimum wage.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Peter Tracey during Fall 2015 and textbook ISBN-978-0-17-653085-3.
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