Basic concepts: molecular biology, DNA, RNAs, chemical bonds, importance of water, chemical reactions, organic compounds, carbohydrates, lipids, cholesterol, proteins, amino acids, fats, steroids, emulsifiers, etc.

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Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm III

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Question 1

Iodine (I) is an essential trace element used to produce hormones by which gland? (ID-B03-06)

A	Salivary gland
B	Pineal gland
C	Thyroid gland
D	Pituitary gland
E	Prostate gland

Question 2

How many different RNAs are discovered by biologists? (ID-B03-41)

A	4
B	5
C	3
D	2

Question 2 Explanation: 

They are mRNA, tRNA and rRNA.

Question 3

Alberta has considerable deposits of Uranium. What cancer causing gas is produced as a result of Uranium decay? (ID-B03-10)

A	Thorium gas
B	Sulfur mustard gas
C	Natural gas
D	Radon gas

Question 4

Which of the following statement is incorrect about RNA? (ID-B03-42)

A	The tRNA carries amino acids with high energy bound for making proteins.
B	Only the mRNA structure is linear.
C	Only the tRNA structure is linear.
D	Coding of the proteins is done by mRNAs.

Question 5

What type of cell junction in animal cells provide the similar function as plasmodesmata in plant cells? (ID-B03-86)

A	Fiber junctions
B	Tight junctions
C	Anchoring junctions
D	Gap junctions

Question 6

Isotopes of same element have different amounts of what subatomic particle(s)? (ID-B03-73)

A	Protons and Electrons
B	Protons
C	Protons and Neutrons
D	Electrons
E	Neutrons

Question 6 Explanation: 

Example; the Carbon-12 have 6 neutrons while Carbon-14 has 8. But both have exactly same amount of protons and if they are not at a charged state, same amount of electrons as well.

Question 7

Only the ionic compounds will effectively dissolve in water. (ID-B03-18)

A	True
B	False

Question 7 Explanation: 

Water can dissolve ionic compounds and polar molecules.

Question 8

With the development of advanced microscopes, why would you still use a light microscope? (ID-B03-54)

A	The techniques used to study microscopic particles in cell biology has not changed since 1665.
B	Light microscopes are cheaper for a biologist to obtain.
C	Movement of organic material is magnified in advanced microscopes hence harder to study.
D	There is a world wide shortage of advanced microscopes.

Question 9

The classification organic compounds is based on the presence of what elements? (ID-B03-03)

A	Carbon and Hydrogen
B	Nitrogen and Oxygen
C	Hydrogen, Carbon and Oxygen
D	Hydrogen and Oxygen
E	Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen
F	Carbon, Oxygen and Nitrogen

Question 10

All of the following chemical groups are hydrophilic except, (ID-B03-22)

A	Carbonyl group
B	Hydroxyl group
C	Phosphate group
D	Methyl group
E	Amino group
F	Carboxyl group

Question 11

Which of the following occur during a chemical reaction? (ID-B03-11)

A	Neutrons and protons from different atoms react with each other.
B	Produce molecules and compounds with polarity. Hint: Not always, but sometimes.
C	Valance shell electrons react with other atoms to form bonds.
D	Number of electrons within the structure increases. Hint: Not always, but sometimes.

Question 12

Communication between cells is maintained through allowing molecules to flow by what type of cell junctions? (ID-B03-67)

A	Membrane junctions
B	Anchoring junctions
C	Gap junctions
D	Tight junctions
E	Messenger junctions

Question 13

How many different amino acids are found in proteins? (ID-B03-36)

A	Millions
B	50
C	100
D	20
E	35

Question 14

Which of the following statements are true about protein structure? (ID-B03-82)

A	Protein structures have four levels of structures.
B	Hydrogen bonds are primary structures of proteins.
C	The α helix and the β pleated sheet structures are tertiary structure.
D	Some proteins only have α helix structures while others can have only β pleated sheet structures.

Question 14 Explanation: 

Note: Only some proteins have four levels while most have three levels of structures.

Question 15

Choose the correct statement(s) from the following list. (ID-B03-13)

I. Covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds.
II. Chemical reactions always result in loss of electron(s).
III. Water is slightly polar.
IV. Ionic bonds are bound together with oppositely charged ions.

A	I , III and IV
B	I and II
C	I , II and III
D	I and III
E	II and IV
F	All of the above statements are correct.

Question 16

Arrange the following chemical groups diagrams from Hydroxyl, Carbonyl, Carboxyl, Amino, Phosphate and Methyl in that order. (ID-B03-75)

Suggestion: Take your time to answer this question. It can be confusing with 6 types!

A	I , III , IV , V , II and VI
B	IV , VI , II , III , V and I
C	VI , IV , III , II , V and I
D	IV , VI , III , II , V and I
E	IV , I , VI , V , II and III
F	VI , IV , II , V , III and I

Question 17

Atoms are split/sub-divided into how many subatomic particles? (ID-B03-07)

A	Hundreds of subatomic particles.
B	Two subatomic particles.
C	Five subatomic particles.
D	Three subatomic particles.

Question 17 Explanation: 

Although we have identified more than hundreds of subatomic particles, there are three important ones; Protons, Neutrons and Electrons. Read more at Wikipedia

Question 18

Which of the following statement is correct about microfilaments in the cytoskeleton? (ID-B03-68)

A	They are composed of globular proteins that are assembled and disassembled in different regions of the cell to form hollow pathways.
B	They made the various fiberous proteins of α-helical coiled-coils that transport materials from one area to another.
C	They are composed of action and involved in cell movement and maintaining cell structure.
D	They are only found in plant cells because animal cells with movement cannot maintain the structure.

Question 19

Association of multiple polypeptides are often found in what level of protein structure? (ID-B03-37)

A	Secondary structure
B	Primary structure
C	Quaternary structure
D	Tertiary structure

Question 20

A person who consumes a lot of fructose most likely experience... (ID-B03-27)

A	...obesity.
B	...diabetes.
C	...thyroid problems.
D	...high cholesterol.

Question 20 Explanation: 

Fructose that usually found in HFCS (corn syrup) increases the production of fats. Fructose does not give rise to an insulin response.

Question 21

The chitin is a ____ and it is used by insects and crustaceans to build their exoskeleton. (ID-B03-35)

A	disaccharide
B	lipid
C	polysaccharide
D	protein
E	monsaccharide

Question 22

What is the length range (size range) for most animal and plant cells? (ID-B03-53)

A	10 to 100 micrometres
B	100 to 1000 micrometres
C	1.0 to 10 micrometres
D	0.1 to 1.0 micrometres

Question 23

What is a chemical buffer? (ID-B03-49)

A	A substance that increase the pH level of a high pH solution while decrease the pH level of a low pH solution.
B	A substance that resists changes in pH by accepting or donating hydrogen irons.
C	A substance that prevent genetic mutations.
D	A substance that resists genetic mutations.
E	A substance that prevent changes in pH by accepting or donating hydrogen irons.

Question 24

Chemically why water is important to life? (ID-B03-14)

A	The chemical properties such as high cohesion and polarity.
B	Very high electron transfer rate and high electrical conduction rate.
C	Very high reaction rate.
D	The physical properties such as very low angles between the two H-atoms and the O-atom.

Question 25

What is the function of mitochondria in animal cells? (ID-B03-61)

A	Provide structural support for the cell wall.
B	Provide structural support for the nucleus.
C	Energy processing.
D	Manufacture and distribution of molecules.
E	Genetic control of the cell.

Question 25 Explanation: 

In plants, this function is carried out by chloroplasts.

Question 26

Which of the following is a polysaccharide? (ID-B03-28)

A	Fructose
B	Cellulose
C	Maltose
D	Glucose

Question 27

What criterion is used to classify an element as "trace element" in humans by Biologists? (ID-B03-71)

A	The elemental abundance must be less than 0.1% of the human body weight.
B	The elemental abundance must be less than 0.01% of the human body weight.
C	The elemental abundance must be less than 1.0% of the human body weight.
D	The elemental abundance must be less than 0.2% of the human body weight.
E	The elemental abundance must be less than 0.4% of the human body weight.

Question 28

Which of the following hydrocarbon that has a cyclic (ring) structure? (ID-B03-78)

A	Methane
B	Benzene
C	Ethane
D	Butane

Question 29

Which of the following statement is correct about saturated fats? (ID-B03-43)

A	They have kinks caused by double bonding of carbon atoms.
B	They are often found in olive oil and vegetable oils.
C	They have the maximum number of hydrogens (alkanes) in the fats and lipid group.
D	Compared to unsaturated fatty acids, they have a very high melting point.

Question 30

Which of the following statement is true about enzymes? (ID-B03-81)

A	They speed up chemical reactions without participating in the reaction.
B	They slow down chemical reaction by acting as a buffer.
C	They slow down chemical reaction by participating in the reaction.
D	They speed up chemical reactions by participating in the reaction.

Question 31

What theory state that mitochondria and plastids, including chloroplasts, originated as prokaryotic cells engulfed by a host cell? (ID-B03-85)

A	Genetic theory
B	Endosymbiont theory
C	Theory of inheritance
D	Cell theory

Question 32

What is good for human health? (ID-B03-47)

A	More triglycerides within the lipoprotein, hence away from the blood.
B	A very high LDL to HDL ratio.
C	More cholesterol within the lipoprotein, hence away from the blood.
D	A very low LDL to HDL ratio.

Question 32 Explanation: 

Medical professionals do not measure the LDL or HDL levels when testing for cholesterol. They test the ratio of LDL/HDL. HDL is good for health and therefore lower the ratio, even if it very high, better it is for the body.

Question 33

Fats come from animals are generally... (ID-B03-44)

A	...solid at room temperature.
B	...contain more nutrition than plant based fats.
C	...unsaturated fats.
D	...good for human health/digestive system.

Question 34

Which of the following class of biological molecules is responsible for the structure of water insoluble membranes? (ID-B03-23)

A	Proteins
B	Nucleic Acids
C	Lipids
D	Carbohydrates

Question 35

What is the difference between a compound and a molecule? (ID-B03-02)

A	All organic matter is compounds while molecules are inorganic.
B	Molecules are always ionic while compounds could be either ionic or covalent.
C	Molecules composed of two or more different elements while compounds composed of two or more atoms.
D	Molecules easily react with organic matter therefore they often involved in chemical reactions. Compounds are stable entities and are often inert.
E	Compounds composed of two or more different elements while molecules composed of two or more atoms.

Question 36

What is the atomic mass number of 14
6 C? (ID-B03-04)

A	7
B	6
C	8
D	14

Question 37

The phospholipids that form the plasma membrane allow non-polar molecules such as oxygen to move across the cell membrane. How is the ionic and polar molecules move across the membrane? (ID-B03-56)

A	Simple diffusion process.
B	Receptor proteins codes the ionic and polar molecules so that it will be accepted by the phospholipids.
C	Transport proteins form channels which allow ions and polar molecules to move across.
D	The difference in pH levels inside and outside the cell facilitates movement of ionic and polar molecules.

Question 38

Cells are the simplest collection of matter that can live. We use microscopes to study them. Which microscope would you use if you were to study intracellular structures? (ID-B03-52)

A	Electron Microscope (EM)
B	Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
C	Light Microscope (LM)
D	Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Question 39

How many different types of White Blood Cells (WBCs) have been identified? (ID-B03-87)

A	6
B	4
C	2
D	3
E	5

Question 40

Which of the following is the functional group of fatty acids? (ID-B03-90)

A	Phosphate group
B	Amino group
C	Carbonyl group
D	Carboxyl group
E	Hydroxyl group

Question 41

What is the function of flagella on prokaryotic cells? (ID-B03-59)

A	DNA and RNA replication.
B	Provide structural support.
C	Protection from the outside environment.
D	Locomotion.
E	Enzyme and proteins synthesis.

Question 42

During cell reproduction, chromatin fibers coil up into __I__ structures and when the cell is not dividing, chromatin fibers are in structures called __II__. (ID-B03-65)

A	I. chromosomes II. chromatin
B	I. ribosomes II. nucleoli
C	I. chromosomes II. ribosomes
D	I. ribosomes II. lysosomes
E	I. lysosomes II. nucleoli

Question 43

How is nitrogenous bases of RNA differ from that of DNA? (ID-B03-38)

A	RNA has Cytosine (Cyt) nitrogenous base instead of Adenine (Ade).
B	RNA has Thymine (Thy) nitrogenous base instead of Cytosine (Cyt).
C	RNA has Thymine (Thy) nitrogenous base instead of Adenine (Ade).
D	RNA has Adenine (Ade) nitrogenous base instead of Cytosine (Cyt).
E	RNA has Uracil (Ura) nitrogenous base instead of Thymine (Thy).
F	RNA has Guanine (Gua) nitrogenous base instead of Cytosine (Cyt).

Question 44

Plants store polysaccharides as what compound? (ID-B03-30)

A	Carboxylic acids
B	Cellulose
C	Starch
D	Glycogen

Question 45

What type of blood cells are formed in a process called erythropoiesis? (ID-B03-69)

A	White blood cells
B	Platelets
C	Red blood cells
D	Serum

Question 46

Which of the following would you expect to observe on a person who is suffering from long term drug abuse? (ID-B03-66)

A	Decrease production in glycoprotein.
B	Increase in rough endoplasmic reticulum.
C	Increase in smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
D	Increase production in glycoprotein.

Question 47

Higher the electronegativity, ... (ID-B03-12)

A	...higher the pull of electrons towards its nucleus.
B	...lower the radioactivity of the atom.
C	...higher the radioactivity of the atom.
D	...lower the pull of electrons towards its nucleus.
E	...more stable the atom.

Question 48

A solution at pH 6 contains ___ than the same amount of solution at pH 4. (ID-B03-20)

A	10 times less H+
B	100 times less H+
C	10 times more H+
D	2 times more H+
E	100 times more H+

Question 48 Explanation: 

pH = -log₁₀[H⁺]
[H⁺] = 10^-pH

Question 49

Cell walls of bacteria is made up of what material? (ID-B03-63)

A	Chitin
B	Flagella
C	Peptidoglycan
D	Glucose

Question 50

Why dissolution of CO₂ in ocean water result in ocean acidification? (ID-B03-77)

A	Because CO2 acts as a low pH buffer.
B	Because CO2 is an acid.
C	Because CO2 reacts with water to produce carbonic acid.
D	Because CO2 reacts with calcium to produce bicarbonate.

Question 51

All living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells. What is this statement describing? (ID-B03-84)

A	Molecular theory
B	Theory of evolution
C	Genetic theory
D	Cell theory
E	Laws of inheritance

Question 52

Lactose intolerant is caused due to lack of lactase enzyme, which hydrolyse what glycosidic bonds? (ID-B03-26)

A	β−1-->1
B	α−1-->1
C	β−1-->4
D	α−1-->4

Question 53

A Carbon-14 atom (atomic number 6) that has lost an electron. What is the number of electrons remains? (ID-B03-72)

A	8 electrons.
B	5 electrons.
C	5 electrons.
D	10 electrons.
E	13 electrons.

Question 53 Explanation: 

Atomic number represents protons (+). A neutral atom will have equal number of protons (+) and electrons (-). If an electron is lost, then it must have one less electron than the atomic number.

Question 54

What is chemotaxis? (ID-B03-64)

A	Movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus.
B	Process in which chemical difference between inside and outside the cell is maintained.
C	A digestive process used by herbivorous to break down the plant cells.
D	Production of proteins by the bone marrow to keep stable white blood cell count.

Question 54 Explanation: 

This is how Bacteria sense food.

Question 55

DNA is made in a process called __I__ while RNA is made in a process called __II__. (ID-B03-24)

A	I. transcription II. translation
B	I. translation II. replication
C	I. replication II. translation
D	I. translation II. transcription
E	I. transcription II. replication
F	I. replication II. transcription

Question 56

The H-bonding networks in proteins is at what level of structure? (ID-B03-34)

A	Tertiary structure
B	Primary structure:
C	Quaternary structure
D	Secondary structure

Question 57

Proteins are bonded by __I__ and these linking bounds are known as __II__. (ID-B03-33)

A	I. covalent bonds II. nucleic bonds
B	I. ionic bonds II. peptide bonds
C	I. ionic bonds II. nucleic bonds
D	I. covalent bonds II. peptide bonds

Question 58

An unknown element has 6 protons and 8 neutrons. Which of the following element is most likely fit this atomic description? (ID-B03-05)

A	Carbon-13
B	Carbon-12
C	Helium-4
D	Carbon-14
E	Nitrogen-12

Question 58 Explanation: 

By calculating the atomic mass number with the given data, the ONLY possible answer is Carbon-14.

Question 59

What is the major function of phospholipids? (ID-B03-46)

A	Energy storage and release.
B	Signaling molecules for sex hormones.
C	Forms cell membranes.
D	Synthesis of Amino acids, DNA and RNA.

Question 60

Cytoskeleton is composed of... (ID-B03-62)

A	...Centriole, Golgi apparatus and Ribosomes.
B	...Lysosome and Centriole.
C	...Microtubule, Intermediate filament and Microfilament.
D	...Plasma membrane, Ribosomes and Lysosome.
E	...Ribosomes, Lysosome and Centriole.

Question 61

The ___ is the site where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is transcribed and where ribosomes are assembled. (ID-B03-74)

A	Centriole
B	Nucleolus
C	Vesicles
D	Golgi apparatus
E	Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 62

Which of the following statement is correct about DNA double helix? (ID-B03-40)

A	The base A pairs with base T while base G pairs with base T to form a double helix RNA.
B	The base A pairs with base G while base C pairs with base T to form a double helix RNA.
C	The base A pairs with base C while base G pairs with base T to form a double helix DNA.
D	The base A pairs with base T while base C pairs with base G to form a double helix DNA.
E	The base A pairs with base G while base C pairs with base T to form a double helix DNA.
F	The base A pairs with base C while base G pairs with base T to form a double helix RNA.

Question 63

If you want to increase the internal temperature of Canadian moose dung while cooking, what should you do? (ID-B03-16)

Note: Moose dung is a traditional Canadian delicacy. Yum yum 🙂

A	Increase the humidity of the cook pot.
B	Decrease the humidity of the cook pot.
C	Add salts, ionic compounds, to the moose dung.
D	Freeze the dung before cooking.

Question 64

Living cells have the amazing ability to distinguish different isotopes of the same element. (ID-B03-09)

A	False
B	True

Question 65

Which of the organic compounds illustrated below has a double bond? (ID-B03-21)

Image mod from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_group

A	II and IV
B	II only
C	I, II and IV
D	I only
E	III only
F	IV only

Question 66

Why is the area/volume ratio has to be very small for biological cells to survive? (ID-B03-55)

A	To be able to process food and data.
B	To allow nutrients and gasses to pass across the cell surface.
C	To be able to stack together to form tissues.
D	To be able to communicate to the outside world.

Question 66 Explanation: 

Bit of tricky question because you may argue for few other answers listed above. However, there is a specific reason and that's what this question is asking for.

Question 67

The surface tension of water is vital to organisms. Why does water has high surface tension? (ID-B03-50)

A	The high atomic mass.
B	Low radioactivity and polarity.
C	The hydrogen bonds.
D	The very high electronegative nature of the molecule.

Question 68

Which of the following integral membrane protein in Red Blood Cells (RBCs) provide gel-like barrier outside the cell? (ID-B03-89)

A	Band 3 protein
B	Glycophorin protein
C	Ankrin protein
D	Aquaporins protein
E	Spectrin protein

Question 69

What is the relative size of a typical eukaryotic cell? (ID-B03-58)

A	1/100th of a typical prokaryotic celll.
B	1/25th of a typical prokaryotic celll.
C	1/10th of a typical prokaryotic celll.
D	1/50th of a typical prokaryotic celll.
E	1/30th of a typical prokaryotic celll.

Question 70

Which of the following that both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have? (ID-B03-57)

A	Nucleus
B	Cell walls
C	Organelles
D	DNA as genetic materials

Question 70 Explanation: 

Note all prokaryotic cells have cell walls.

Question 71

Which of the following components/substances are present in Red Blood Cells (RBCs)? (ID-B03-88)

A	Nucleus, ribosomes and hemoglobin.
B	Ribosomes, plasma membrane and hemoglobin.
C	Ribosomes, organelles and hemoglobin.
D	Nucleus, plasma membrane and hemoglobin.
E	Plasma membrane and hemoglobin.

Question 71 Explanation: 

Red Blood Cells do not have nucleus, organelles or ribosomes.

Question 72

What are the general parts of a nucleotide? (ID-B03-83)

A	3-carbin sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
B	3-carbin sugar, phosphate group and a adenine
C	5-carbin sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
D	5-carbin sugar, phosphate group and a adenine Hint: While it is true a adenine can be one, it is not a general part!

Question 73

Organic chemical reactions takes place... (ID-B03-76)

A	...always outside cell walls.
B	...in aqueous environment of cells.
C	...by heating the reactants.
D	...only by breaking covalent bonds because living cells cannot break down ionic bonds.

Question 74

How many different nitrogenous bases that made up of DNA structures? (ID-B03-39)

A	3
B	4
C	6
D	5
E	2

Question 75

Why do manufactures use corn syrup derive fructose over glucose? (ID-B03-80)

A	Fructose is cheaper than glucose.
B	Fructose is a polymer while glucose is a monomer.
C	Fructose is sweeter than glucose.
D	There is more fructose naturally in corn syrup.

Question 76

Fundamentally, functions of proteins are determine by... (ID-B03-32)

A	...the type of translation.
B	...water solubility level.
C	...their orientation of the hydrogen atoms.
D	...their chemical structures.

Question 77

You take a spoon full of cocoa powder and mix it in milk. Assuming no isolated reactions occurred, which of the statement is most likely describes your cocoa milk shake? (ID-B03-17)

A	The milk acted as the solute which breaks down the chemical compounds in the cocoa powder.
B	The temperature of the mixture should have increased as the mixing progresses.
C	The mixing of the two most likely have broken down the molecular bounds of water and that resulted in reaction with cocoa powder.
D	Milk is the solvent while cocoa powder is the solute.

Question 78

What is the abundance of most stable isotope of carbon, the Carbon-12, in nature? (ID-B03-08)

A	75%
B	100%
C	99%
D	50%
E	65%

Question 79

What is the most abundant organic compound on Earth? (ID-B03-31)

A	Starch
B	Cellulose
C	Chitin
D	Lipids
E	Glycogen

Question 80

Where are the hydrophilic and hydrophobic structures located on the following phospholipid diagram respectively? (ID-B03-48)

Image mod from: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:0301_Phospholipid_Structure.jpg

A	IV and I
B	I and III
C	III and IV
D	I and IV
E	III and I

Question 81

How is lipids different from other large biological molecules? (ID-B03-29)

A	They can form many different shapes with random orientations.
B	They are the largest biological molecules.
C	They do not form polymers.
D	They are nonploar and therefore hydrophilic.

Question 82

Which of the following statement is true about monosaccharides? (ID-B03-25)

A	Their molecular formulas are usually multiples of CH2O2.
B	Most common two; glucose forms 5 membered structures while fructose forms 6 membered structure.
C	They usually characterized by three double bonded C-O structures.
D	They often form ring structures.

Question 83

What is the difference between temperature and heat? (ID-B03-15)

A	Temperature is a long term quantitative measurement of energy while heat is a short term measurement of energy.
B	Heat is produced through instantaneous reactions such as boiling water. Temperature is the quantitative measurement of heat.
C	Temperature is the amount of energy associated with movement of atoms while heat is the intensity of heat (average speed of atoms).
D	Heat is the amount of energy associated with movement of atoms while temperature is the intensity of heat (average speed of atoms).

Question 84

The fimbriae of a typical prokaryotic cell has what purpose? (ID-B03-60)

A	Locomotion.
B	Isolation from the outside; like a cell wall.
C	Attaching to host surfaces.
D	Facilitate active transport and diffusion.

Question 84 Explanation: 

It is composed of β-sheet type proteins with a sticky end.

Question 85

Which of the following statement is true about biological cells? (ID-B03-51)

A	Biological cells have the ability to differentiate Carbon-12 from Carbon-14.
B	Majority of organic cells lacks nucleus.
C	Natural carbon is only produced by plant cells.
D	Both animal and plant cells contains materials that move around (mobile).
E	Only the animal cells that have materials that move around (mobile).

Question 86

There are ___ elements essential to life and the four most abundant includes hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and ___. (ID-B03-01)

A	15 , nitrogen
B	22 , sodium
C	25 , nitrogen
D	22 , iron
E	15, iron
F	15 , sodium

Question 87

Which of the following statement is correct about vacuoles in Endomembrane System? (ID-B03-70)

A	In humans, they acts as the digestive compartments within cells.
B	They are the transport vesicles that deliver glycoprotein from ER membrane to Golgi apparatus.
C	In plants, they store toxins to protect them from predators.
D	They process materials and produce usable energy for eukaryotic cells.

Question 88

Polymers are broken down to monomers by what process? (ID-B03-79)

A	Hydrolysis
B	Protein pumps
C	Heating
D	ATP injection

Question 89

What is the primary function of RNAs? (ID-B03-45)

A	Provide energy for the DNA structure by converting energy from cells into ATP and transferring it to the nucleus.
B	Carry information of amino acid sequence from the genes to make proteins in cells.
C	Develop new genetic codes for evolutionary adaptations.
D	Protect the nucleus from genetic mutations, even though this always does not work.

Question 90

Hydrogen ion (H⁺) and hydroxide ion (OH^-) are highly reactive. They play a major role in what process? (ID-B03-19)

A	Acid-base reactions
B	Vital hormone producing reactions
C	Hydrogen bonding
D	Chemical precipitation reactions

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