Basic concepts: molecular biology, DNA, RNAs, chemical bonds, importance of water, chemical reactions, organic compounds, carbohydrates, lipids, cholesterol, proteins, amino acids, fats, steroids, emulsifiers, etc.

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Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm III

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Question 1

Lactose intolerant is caused due to lack of lactase enzyme, which hydrolyse what glycosidic bonds? (ID-B03-26)

A	α−1-->4
B	β−1-->1
C	β−1-->4
D	α−1-->1

Question 2

How is nitrogenous bases of RNA differ from that of DNA? (ID-B03-38)

A	RNA has Uracil (Ura) nitrogenous base instead of Thymine (Thy).
B	RNA has Cytosine (Cyt) nitrogenous base instead of Adenine (Ade).
C	RNA has Thymine (Thy) nitrogenous base instead of Cytosine (Cyt).
D	RNA has Thymine (Thy) nitrogenous base instead of Adenine (Ade).
E	RNA has Adenine (Ade) nitrogenous base instead of Cytosine (Cyt).
F	RNA has Guanine (Gua) nitrogenous base instead of Cytosine (Cyt).

Question 3

If you want to increase the internal temperature of Canadian moose dung while cooking, what should you do? (ID-B03-16)

Note: Moose dung is a traditional Canadian delicacy. Yum yum 🙂

A	Increase the humidity of the cook pot.
B	Decrease the humidity of the cook pot.
C	Freeze the dung before cooking.
D	Add salts, ionic compounds, to the moose dung.

Question 4

Which of the following class of biological molecules is responsible for the structure of water insoluble membranes? (ID-B03-23)

A	Nucleic Acids
B	Proteins
C	Carbohydrates
D	Lipids

Question 5

What is the abundance of most stable isotope of carbon, the Carbon-12, in nature? (ID-B03-08)

A	65%
B	75%
C	100%
D	50%
E	99%

Question 6

Choose the correct statement(s) from the following list. (ID-B03-13)

I. Covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds.
II. Chemical reactions always result in loss of electron(s).
III. Water is slightly polar.
IV. Ionic bonds are bound together with oppositely charged ions.

A	I and III
B	I , II and III
C	I and II
D	II and IV
E	I , III and IV
F	All of the above statements are correct.

Question 7

A Carbon-14 atom (atomic number 6) that has lost an electron. What is the number of electrons remains? (ID-B03-72)

A	8 electrons.
B	5 electrons.
C	13 electrons.
D	5 electrons.
E	10 electrons.

Question 7 Explanation: 

Atomic number represents protons (+). A neutral atom will have equal number of protons (+) and electrons (-). If an electron is lost, then it must have one less electron than the atomic number.

Question 8

What is chemotaxis? (ID-B03-64)

A	Process in which chemical difference between inside and outside the cell is maintained.
B	Production of proteins by the bone marrow to keep stable white blood cell count.
C	A digestive process used by herbivorous to break down the plant cells.
D	Movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus.

Question 8 Explanation: 

This is how Bacteria sense food.

Question 9

Which of the following that both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have? (ID-B03-57)

A	Organelles
B	Nucleus
C	Cell walls
D	DNA as genetic materials

Question 9 Explanation: 

Note all prokaryotic cells have cell walls.

Question 10

How many different types of White Blood Cells (WBCs) have been identified? (ID-B03-87)

A	4
B	2
C	6
D	5
E	3

Question 11

The classification organic compounds is based on the presence of what elements? (ID-B03-03)

A	Nitrogen and Oxygen
B	Carbon and Hydrogen
C	Hydrogen and Oxygen
D	Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen
E	Carbon, Oxygen and Nitrogen
F	Hydrogen, Carbon and Oxygen

Question 12

What is the length range (size range) for most animal and plant cells? (ID-B03-53)

A	1.0 to 10 micrometres
B	0.1 to 1.0 micrometres
C	100 to 1000 micrometres
D	10 to 100 micrometres

Question 13

How many different amino acids are found in proteins? (ID-B03-36)

A	20
B	100
C	35
D	50
E	Millions

Question 14

What is the difference between temperature and heat? (ID-B03-15)

A	Temperature is the amount of energy associated with movement of atoms while heat is the intensity of heat (average speed of atoms).
B	Temperature is a long term quantitative measurement of energy while heat is a short term measurement of energy.
C	Heat is the amount of energy associated with movement of atoms while temperature is the intensity of heat (average speed of atoms).
D	Heat is produced through instantaneous reactions such as boiling water. Temperature is the quantitative measurement of heat.

Question 15

With the development of advanced microscopes, why would you still use a light microscope? (ID-B03-54)

A	There is a world wide shortage of advanced microscopes.
B	Movement of organic material is magnified in advanced microscopes hence harder to study.
C	Light microscopes are cheaper for a biologist to obtain.
D	The techniques used to study microscopic particles in cell biology has not changed since 1665.

Question 16

What is the relative size of a typical eukaryotic cell? (ID-B03-58)

A	1/50th of a typical prokaryotic celll.
B	1/30th of a typical prokaryotic celll.
C	1/100th of a typical prokaryotic celll.
D	1/10th of a typical prokaryotic celll.
E	1/25th of a typical prokaryotic celll.

Question 17

How many different RNAs are discovered by biologists? (ID-B03-41)

A	4
B	2
C	3
D	5

Question 17 Explanation: 

They are mRNA, tRNA and rRNA.

Question 18

Cells are the simplest collection of matter that can live. We use microscopes to study them. Which microscope would you use if you were to study intracellular structures? (ID-B03-52)

A	Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
B	Electron Microscope (EM)
C	Light Microscope (LM)
D	Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

Question 19

Which of the following is the functional group of fatty acids? (ID-B03-90)

A	Carbonyl group
B	Carboxyl group
C	Phosphate group
D	Amino group
E	Hydroxyl group

Question 20

Polymers are broken down to monomers by what process? (ID-B03-79)

A	ATP injection
B	Hydrolysis
C	Heating
D	Protein pumps

Question 21

Fats come from animals are generally... (ID-B03-44)

A	...unsaturated fats.
B	...good for human health/digestive system.
C	...solid at room temperature.
D	...contain more nutrition than plant based fats.

Question 22

Chemically why water is important to life? (ID-B03-14)

A	Very high reaction rate.
B	The chemical properties such as high cohesion and polarity.
C	The physical properties such as very low angles between the two H-atoms and the O-atom.
D	Very high electron transfer rate and high electrical conduction rate.

Question 23

Fundamentally, functions of proteins are determine by... (ID-B03-32)

A	...the type of translation.
B	...water solubility level.
C	...their orientation of the hydrogen atoms.
D	...their chemical structures.

Question 24

The surface tension of water is vital to organisms. Why does water has high surface tension? (ID-B03-50)

A	Low radioactivity and polarity.
B	The high atomic mass.
C	The hydrogen bonds.
D	The very high electronegative nature of the molecule.

Question 25

Proteins are bonded by __I__ and these linking bounds are known as __II__. (ID-B03-33)

A	I. covalent bonds II. nucleic bonds
B	I. ionic bonds II. peptide bonds
C	I. covalent bonds II. peptide bonds
D	I. ionic bonds II. nucleic bonds

Question 26

Why do manufactures use corn syrup derive fructose over glucose? (ID-B03-80)

A	Fructose is cheaper than glucose.
B	Fructose is a polymer while glucose is a monomer.
C	There is more fructose naturally in corn syrup.
D	Fructose is sweeter than glucose.

Question 27

What is the difference between a compound and a molecule? (ID-B03-02)

A	All organic matter is compounds while molecules are inorganic.
B	Molecules composed of two or more different elements while compounds composed of two or more atoms.
C	Compounds composed of two or more different elements while molecules composed of two or more atoms.
D	Molecules are always ionic while compounds could be either ionic or covalent.
E	Molecules easily react with organic matter therefore they often involved in chemical reactions. Compounds are stable entities and are often inert.

Question 28

Which of the following statement is correct about microfilaments in the cytoskeleton? (ID-B03-68)

A	They are only found in plant cells because animal cells with movement cannot maintain the structure.
B	They are composed of action and involved in cell movement and maintaining cell structure.
C	They are composed of globular proteins that are assembled and disassembled in different regions of the cell to form hollow pathways.
D	They made the various fiberous proteins of α-helical coiled-coils that transport materials from one area to another.

Question 29

The ___ is the site where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is transcribed and where ribosomes are assembled. (ID-B03-74)

A	Nucleolus
B	Vesicles
C	Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D	Golgi apparatus
E	Centriole

Question 30

Higher the electronegativity, ... (ID-B03-12)

A	...higher the radioactivity of the atom.
B	...more stable the atom.
C	...higher the pull of electrons towards its nucleus.
D	...lower the radioactivity of the atom.
E	...lower the pull of electrons towards its nucleus.

Question 31

What type of blood cells are formed in a process called erythropoiesis? (ID-B03-69)

A	Red blood cells
B	White blood cells
C	Platelets
D	Serum

Question 32

How is lipids different from other large biological molecules? (ID-B03-29)

A	They are nonploar and therefore hydrophilic.
B	They can form many different shapes with random orientations.
C	They do not form polymers.
D	They are the largest biological molecules.

Question 33

Why is the area/volume ratio has to be very small for biological cells to survive? (ID-B03-55)

A	To be able to process food and data.
B	To allow nutrients and gasses to pass across the cell surface.
C	To be able to stack together to form tissues.
D	To be able to communicate to the outside world.

Question 33 Explanation: 

Bit of tricky question because you may argue for few other answers listed above. However, there is a specific reason and that's what this question is asking for.

Question 34

Cytoskeleton is composed of... (ID-B03-62)

A	...Plasma membrane, Ribosomes and Lysosome.
B	...Lysosome and Centriole.
C	...Microtubule, Intermediate filament and Microfilament.
D	...Ribosomes, Lysosome and Centriole.
E	...Centriole, Golgi apparatus and Ribosomes.

Question 35

Which of the following statement is true about monosaccharides? (ID-B03-25)

A	They often form ring structures.
B	Most common two; glucose forms 5 membered structures while fructose forms 6 membered structure.
C	Their molecular formulas are usually multiples of CH2O2.
D	They usually characterized by three double bonded C-O structures.

Question 36

The chitin is a ____ and it is used by insects and crustaceans to build their exoskeleton. (ID-B03-35)

A	disaccharide
B	monsaccharide
C	lipid
D	polysaccharide
E	protein

Question 37

Which of the following statements are true about protein structure? (ID-B03-82)

A	Some proteins only have α helix structures while others can have only β pleated sheet structures.
B	Hydrogen bonds are primary structures of proteins.
C	The α helix and the β pleated sheet structures are tertiary structure.
D	Protein structures have four levels of structures.

Question 37 Explanation: 

Note: Only some proteins have four levels while most have three levels of structures.

Question 38

The phospholipids that form the plasma membrane allow non-polar molecules such as oxygen to move across the cell membrane. How is the ionic and polar molecules move across the membrane? (ID-B03-56)

A	The difference in pH levels inside and outside the cell facilitates movement of ionic and polar molecules.
B	Receptor proteins codes the ionic and polar molecules so that it will be accepted by the phospholipids.
C	Transport proteins form channels which allow ions and polar molecules to move across.
D	Simple diffusion process.

Question 39

Alberta has considerable deposits of Uranium. What cancer causing gas is produced as a result of Uranium decay? (ID-B03-10)

A	Thorium gas
B	Sulfur mustard gas
C	Natural gas
D	Radon gas

Question 40

Which of the organic compounds illustrated below has a double bond? (ID-B03-21)

Image mod from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_group

A	II and IV
B	III only
C	I, II and IV
D	II only
E	IV only
F	I only

Question 41

All of the following chemical groups are hydrophilic except, (ID-B03-22)

A	Carbonyl group
B	Amino group
C	Methyl group
D	Hydroxyl group
E	Carboxyl group
F	Phosphate group

Question 42

Association of multiple polypeptides are often found in what level of protein structure? (ID-B03-37)

A	Primary structure
B	Secondary structure
C	Tertiary structure
D	Quaternary structure

Question 43

There are ___ elements essential to life and the four most abundant includes hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and ___. (ID-B03-01)

A	22 , iron
B	25 , nitrogen
C	15, iron
D	15 , sodium
E	22 , sodium
F	15 , nitrogen

Question 44

Where are the hydrophilic and hydrophobic structures located on the following phospholipid diagram respectively? (ID-B03-48)

Image mod from: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:0301_Phospholipid_Structure.jpg

A	III and I
B	III and IV
C	I and III
D	IV and I
E	I and IV

Question 45

What theory state that mitochondria and plastids, including chloroplasts, originated as prokaryotic cells engulfed by a host cell? (ID-B03-85)

A	Theory of inheritance
B	Genetic theory
C	Cell theory
D	Endosymbiont theory

Question 46

What is good for human health? (ID-B03-47)

A	More triglycerides within the lipoprotein, hence away from the blood.
B	More cholesterol within the lipoprotein, hence away from the blood.
C	A very low LDL to HDL ratio.
D	A very high LDL to HDL ratio.

Question 46 Explanation: 

Medical professionals do not measure the LDL or HDL levels when testing for cholesterol. They test the ratio of LDL/HDL. HDL is good for health and therefore lower the ratio, even if it very high, better it is for the body.

Question 47

Arrange the following chemical groups diagrams from Hydroxyl, Carbonyl, Carboxyl, Amino, Phosphate and Methyl in that order. (ID-B03-75)

Suggestion: Take your time to answer this question. It can be confusing with 6 types!

A	VI , IV , III , II , V and I
B	IV , VI , II , III , V and I
C	I , III , IV , V , II and VI
D	IV , I , VI , V , II and III
E	IV , VI , III , II , V and I
F	VI , IV , II , V , III and I

Question 48

Which of the following occur during a chemical reaction? (ID-B03-11)

A	Number of electrons within the structure increases. Hint: Not always, but sometimes.
B	Neutrons and protons from different atoms react with each other.
C	Produce molecules and compounds with polarity. Hint: Not always, but sometimes.
D	Valance shell electrons react with other atoms to form bonds.

Question 49

How many different nitrogenous bases that made up of DNA structures? (ID-B03-39)

A	3
B	2
C	6
D	5
E	4

Question 50

You take a spoon full of cocoa powder and mix it in milk. Assuming no isolated reactions occurred, which of the statement is most likely describes your cocoa milk shake? (ID-B03-17)

A	The mixing of the two most likely have broken down the molecular bounds of water and that resulted in reaction with cocoa powder.
B	The milk acted as the solute which breaks down the chemical compounds in the cocoa powder.
C	The temperature of the mixture should have increased as the mixing progresses.
D	Milk is the solvent while cocoa powder is the solute.

Question 51

Which of the following hydrocarbon that has a cyclic (ring) structure? (ID-B03-78)

A	Butane
B	Methane
C	Ethane
D	Benzene

Question 52

A solution at pH 6 contains ___ than the same amount of solution at pH 4. (ID-B03-20)

A	2 times more H+
B	10 times more H+
C	100 times more H+
D	100 times less H+
E	10 times less H+

Question 52 Explanation: 

pH = -log₁₀[H⁺]
[H⁺] = 10^-pH

Question 53

Which of the following statement is true about biological cells? (ID-B03-51)

A	Biological cells have the ability to differentiate Carbon-12 from Carbon-14.
B	Majority of organic cells lacks nucleus.
C	Only the animal cells that have materials that move around (mobile).
D	Both animal and plant cells contains materials that move around (mobile).
E	Natural carbon is only produced by plant cells.

Question 54

What are the general parts of a nucleotide? (ID-B03-83)

A	3-carbin sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
B	5-carbin sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
C	3-carbin sugar, phosphate group and a adenine
D	5-carbin sugar, phosphate group and a adenine Hint: While it is true a adenine can be one, it is not a general part!

Question 55

What is the function of flagella on prokaryotic cells? (ID-B03-59)

A	DNA and RNA replication.
B	Locomotion.
C	Enzyme and proteins synthesis.
D	Provide structural support.
E	Protection from the outside environment.

Question 56

The H-bonding networks in proteins is at what level of structure? (ID-B03-34)

A	Quaternary structure
B	Tertiary structure
C	Primary structure:
D	Secondary structure

Question 57

What is the atomic mass number of 14
6 C? (ID-B03-04)

A	7
B	14
C	8
D	6

Question 58

Which of the following statement is incorrect about RNA? (ID-B03-42)

A	The tRNA carries amino acids with high energy bound for making proteins.
B	Coding of the proteins is done by mRNAs.
C	Only the mRNA structure is linear.
D	Only the tRNA structure is linear.

Question 59

What is the primary function of RNAs? (ID-B03-45)

A	Provide energy for the DNA structure by converting energy from cells into ATP and transferring it to the nucleus.
B	Protect the nucleus from genetic mutations, even though this always does not work.
C	Develop new genetic codes for evolutionary adaptations.
D	Carry information of amino acid sequence from the genes to make proteins in cells.

Question 60

DNA is made in a process called __I__ while RNA is made in a process called __II__. (ID-B03-24)

A	I. translation II. transcription
B	I. replication II. translation
C	I. replication II. transcription
D	I. translation II. replication
E	I. transcription II. translation
F	I. transcription II. replication

Question 61

Isotopes of same element have different amounts of what subatomic particle(s)? (ID-B03-73)

A	Neutrons
B	Protons and Electrons
C	Protons
D	Electrons
E	Protons and Neutrons

Question 61 Explanation: 

Example; the Carbon-12 have 6 neutrons while Carbon-14 has 8. But both have exactly same amount of protons and if they are not at a charged state, same amount of electrons as well.

Question 62

Organic chemical reactions takes place... (ID-B03-76)

A	...always outside cell walls.
B	...in aqueous environment of cells.
C	...by heating the reactants.
D	...only by breaking covalent bonds because living cells cannot break down ionic bonds.

Question 63

Which of the following is a polysaccharide? (ID-B03-28)

A	Fructose
B	Maltose
C	Glucose
D	Cellulose

Question 64

What is the most abundant organic compound on Earth? (ID-B03-31)

A	Starch
B	Lipids
C	Chitin
D	Cellulose
E	Glycogen

Question 65

What is the major function of phospholipids? (ID-B03-46)

A	Forms cell membranes.
B	Signaling molecules for sex hormones.
C	Energy storage and release.
D	Synthesis of Amino acids, DNA and RNA.

Question 66

What is the function of mitochondria in animal cells? (ID-B03-61)

A	Genetic control of the cell.
B	Energy processing.
C	Provide structural support for the cell wall.
D	Manufacture and distribution of molecules.
E	Provide structural support for the nucleus.

Question 66 Explanation: 

In plants, this function is carried out by chloroplasts.

Question 67

Which of the following integral membrane protein in Red Blood Cells (RBCs) provide gel-like barrier outside the cell? (ID-B03-89)

A	Aquaporins protein
B	Glycophorin protein
C	Ankrin protein
D	Band 3 protein
E	Spectrin protein

Question 68

A person who consumes a lot of fructose most likely experience... (ID-B03-27)

A	...obesity.
B	...high cholesterol.
C	...thyroid problems.
D	...diabetes.

Question 68 Explanation: 

Fructose that usually found in HFCS (corn syrup) increases the production of fats. Fructose does not give rise to an insulin response.

Question 69

The fimbriae of a typical prokaryotic cell has what purpose? (ID-B03-60)

A	Isolation from the outside; like a cell wall.
B	Attaching to host surfaces.
C	Facilitate active transport and diffusion.
D	Locomotion.

Question 69 Explanation: 

It is composed of β-sheet type proteins with a sticky end.

Question 70

Communication between cells is maintained through allowing molecules to flow by what type of cell junctions? (ID-B03-67)

A	Gap junctions
B	Anchoring junctions
C	Messenger junctions
D	Tight junctions
E	Membrane junctions

Question 71

Which of the following statement is correct about DNA double helix? (ID-B03-40)

A	The base A pairs with base G while base C pairs with base T to form a double helix RNA.
B	The base A pairs with base T while base C pairs with base G to form a double helix DNA.
C	The base A pairs with base C while base G pairs with base T to form a double helix RNA.
D	The base A pairs with base T while base G pairs with base T to form a double helix RNA.
E	The base A pairs with base G while base C pairs with base T to form a double helix DNA.
F	The base A pairs with base C while base G pairs with base T to form a double helix DNA.

Question 72

Plants store polysaccharides as what compound? (ID-B03-30)

A	Cellulose
B	Starch
C	Carboxylic acids
D	Glycogen

Question 73

Atoms are split/sub-divided into how many subatomic particles? (ID-B03-07)

A	Two subatomic particles.
B	Hundreds of subatomic particles.
C	Five subatomic particles.
D	Three subatomic particles.

Question 73 Explanation: 

Although we have identified more than hundreds of subatomic particles, there are three important ones; Protons, Neutrons and Electrons. Read more at Wikipedia

Question 74

Which of the following statement is correct about vacuoles in Endomembrane System? (ID-B03-70)

A	They process materials and produce usable energy for eukaryotic cells.
B	They are the transport vesicles that deliver glycoprotein from ER membrane to Golgi apparatus.
C	In humans, they acts as the digestive compartments within cells.
D	In plants, they store toxins to protect them from predators.

Question 75

During cell reproduction, chromatin fibers coil up into __I__ structures and when the cell is not dividing, chromatin fibers are in structures called __II__. (ID-B03-65)

A	I. chromosomes II. ribosomes
B	I. ribosomes II. nucleoli
C	I. ribosomes II. lysosomes
D	I. chromosomes II. chromatin
E	I. lysosomes II. nucleoli

Question 76

Which of the following components/substances are present in Red Blood Cells (RBCs)? (ID-B03-88)

A	Ribosomes, organelles and hemoglobin.
B	Nucleus, plasma membrane and hemoglobin.
C	Ribosomes, plasma membrane and hemoglobin.
D	Plasma membrane and hemoglobin.
E	Nucleus, ribosomes and hemoglobin.

Question 76 Explanation: 

Red Blood Cells do not have nucleus, organelles or ribosomes.

Question 77

Which of the following would you expect to observe on a person who is suffering from long term drug abuse? (ID-B03-66)

A	Decrease production in glycoprotein.
B	Increase in rough endoplasmic reticulum.
C	Increase in smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
D	Increase production in glycoprotein.

Question 78

Cell walls of bacteria is made up of what material? (ID-B03-63)

A	Glucose
B	Chitin
C	Flagella
D	Peptidoglycan

Question 79

Which of the following statement is correct about saturated fats? (ID-B03-43)

A	They have kinks caused by double bonding of carbon atoms.
B	They are often found in olive oil and vegetable oils.
C	They have the maximum number of hydrogens (alkanes) in the fats and lipid group.
D	Compared to unsaturated fatty acids, they have a very high melting point.

Question 80

Which of the following statement is true about enzymes? (ID-B03-81)

A	They slow down chemical reaction by acting as a buffer.
B	They speed up chemical reactions without participating in the reaction.
C	They speed up chemical reactions by participating in the reaction.
D	They slow down chemical reaction by participating in the reaction.

Question 81

Hydrogen ion (H⁺) and hydroxide ion (OH^-) are highly reactive. They play a major role in what process? (ID-B03-19)

A	Chemical precipitation reactions
B	Hydrogen bonding
C	Vital hormone producing reactions
D	Acid-base reactions

Question 82

What criterion is used to classify an element as "trace element" in humans by Biologists? (ID-B03-71)

A	The elemental abundance must be less than 0.1% of the human body weight.
B	The elemental abundance must be less than 0.2% of the human body weight.
C	The elemental abundance must be less than 1.0% of the human body weight.
D	The elemental abundance must be less than 0.4% of the human body weight.
E	The elemental abundance must be less than 0.01% of the human body weight.

Question 83

All living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells. What is this statement describing? (ID-B03-84)

A	Laws of inheritance
B	Genetic theory
C	Molecular theory
D	Theory of evolution
E	Cell theory

Question 84

Living cells have the amazing ability to distinguish different isotopes of the same element. (ID-B03-09)

A	False
B	True

Question 85

Only the ionic compounds will effectively dissolve in water. (ID-B03-18)

A	False
B	True

Question 85 Explanation: 

Water can dissolve ionic compounds and polar molecules.

Question 86

What type of cell junction in animal cells provide the similar function as plasmodesmata in plant cells? (ID-B03-86)

A	Tight junctions
B	Gap junctions
C	Fiber junctions
D	Anchoring junctions

Question 87

Why dissolution of CO₂ in ocean water result in ocean acidification? (ID-B03-77)

A	Because CO2 reacts with calcium to produce bicarbonate.
B	Because CO2 reacts with water to produce carbonic acid.
C	Because CO2 is an acid.
D	Because CO2 acts as a low pH buffer.

Question 88

Iodine (I) is an essential trace element used to produce hormones by which gland? (ID-B03-06)

A	Salivary gland
B	Thyroid gland
C	Prostate gland
D	Pituitary gland
E	Pineal gland

Question 89

What is a chemical buffer? (ID-B03-49)

A	A substance that prevent genetic mutations.
B	A substance that increase the pH level of a high pH solution while decrease the pH level of a low pH solution.
C	A substance that resists genetic mutations.
D	A substance that prevent changes in pH by accepting or donating hydrogen irons.
E	A substance that resists changes in pH by accepting or donating hydrogen irons.

Question 90

An unknown element has 6 protons and 8 neutrons. Which of the following element is most likely fit this atomic description? (ID-B03-05)

A	Carbon-12
B	Helium-4
C	Carbon-14
D	Nitrogen-12
E	Carbon-13

Question 90 Explanation: 

By calculating the atomic mass number with the given data, the ONLY possible answer is Carbon-14.

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