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Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

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Question 1

Which of the following organism is not belong to the apes category?

A	Chimpanzees
B	Bonobos
C	Monkeys
D	Orangutans
E	Gibbons

Question 1 Explanation:

But note that both monkeys and apes are part of the anthropod group.

Question 2

Which of the following in our Nervous System responsible for insulating axons?

A	axon hillock
B	myelin sheath
C	myelin sheath and glia
D	glia
E	cell body

Question 3

Some of the muscles and glands in the digestive track is controlled by...

A	...central nervous system.
B	...sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
C	...sympathetic division of the motor nervous system.
D	...enteric division of the autonomic nervous system.
E	...motor system of the peripheral nervous system.

Question 4

How many amino acids human body cannot produce its own?

A	Ten
B	Three
C	Five
D	Eight
E	Fifteen

Question 5

During digestion, fats brake down to fatty acids and what other chemical compound?

A	Nucleotides
B	Glycerol
C	Amino acids
D	Hydrochloric acid
E	Monosaccharides

Question 6

Human brain estimated to have how many neutrons?

A	100 billion
B	800 billion
C	800 million
D	500 billion
E	100 million

Question 7

Where do the majority of nutrients stored in the amniotic egg?

A	Embryo
B	Chorion
C	Yolk
D	Allantois
E	Amnion

Question 8

Which of the following hominins were the earliest to colonize beyond Africa?

A	Homo ergaster
B	Homo neanderthalensis
C	Homo erectus
D	Homo sapiens
E	Homo habilis

Question 9

How do we describe a situation where a species undergo little or no change for a long period of time but characterized by sudden changes?

A	This situation most likely caused by genetic drift.
B	The species most likely increased in diversity and their hybrid population.
C	Species experienced a punctuated equilibrium.
D	The population has experienced an allopatric speciation.

Question 10

According to current fossil record and our understanding, which came first; bipedalism, large brains or both around the same time?

A	Not enough evidence to support either way.
B	Large brains
C	Bipedalism
D	Both around the same time

Question 11

What part of the world you expect to observe marsupials in their natural habitat (modern day)?

A	China
B	Antarctic region.
C	Russia and Canada
D	South Asia
E	New Zealand

Question 11 Explanation:

Also Australia, Central and South America.

Question 12

The following diagram is a phylogenetic tree of primates. What organisms are indicated by I, II, III, and IV respectively?

A	I. New World monkeys II. Old World monkeys III. Tarsiers IV. Chimpanzees
B	I. Old World monkeys II. New World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Orangutans
C	I. Tarsiers II. New World monkeys III. Old World monkeys IV. Gibbons
D	I. New World monkeys II. Old World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Chimpanzees
E	I. Tarsiers II. New World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Orangutans

Question 13

Which of the following food molecule is not a polymer?

A	Nucleic acids
B	Saccharides
C	Protein
D	Fat

Question 14

What is the best description for Humpback whales?

A	They are substrate feeders.
B	They are herbivores and the primary diet is eat seaweed.
C	They are suspension feeders.
D	They are omnivores that feeds on both seaweeds and fishes.
E	They are fluid feeders.

Question 15

Coordination and learning of new body movements is mostly controlled by what part of the brain?

A	Cerebrum.
B	Hypothalamus.
C	Cerebellum.
D	Pons midbrain in the Brain Stem.
E	Medulla oblongata in the Brain Stem.

Question 16

Humans are belong to __I__ Domain and __II__ Phylum.

A	I. Eukaryota II. Chordata
B	I. Primates II. Homininae
C	I. Chordata II. Primates
D	I. Eukaryota II. Primates
E	I. Archaea II. Primates

Question 17

Which of the following anthropoids is well known to be the first one to use sophisticated stone tools?

A	Homo ergaster
B	Homo habilis
C	Homo sapiens
D	Homo erectus
E	Homo neanderthalensis

Question 18

What is the evolutionary connection between the lungs and swim bladders?

A	Both developed at the same time under same environmental conditions.
B	Swim bladders evolved from lungs.
C	They have no evolutionary connection because they are analogous features.
D	Lugs evolved from swim bladders.

Question 19

In a hot arid environment, evolution prefer organisms with what type of adaptation(s)?

A	Organisms that can store high volume of water within their bodies.
B	Organisms with ectothermic metabolism.
C	Organisms with lungs instead of a skin-bases gas exchanges.
D	Organisms that have the ability to fly therefore allowing them to migrate to locations with more food/water.
E	Organisms with endohermic metabolism.

Question 20

The following diagram is a phylogenetic tree of primates. What organisms are indicated by VI and VII respectively?

A	Orangutans and Gibbons
B	Tarsiers and Gibbons
C	Gorillas and Chimpanzees
D	Orangutans and Gorillas
E	Gibbons and Orangutans

Question 21

Amphibians dominated the Carboniferous period. However, their adaptation to different environments is hindered by...

A	...limited viable offspring.
B	...vulnerability to dehydration.
C	...large number of predators.
D	...limited food supply.

Question 22

The first tetrapods were most likely...

A	...vertebrates with complex lungs.
B	...sting rays with gas exchange lungs.
C	...fishes that dragged themselves from one pool of water to another.
D	...fishes with necks and four limbs.

Question 23

What is the primary function of chorion and allantois in amniotic egg?

A	Protection of the embryo from the outside environment through temperature regulation.
B	Enables the embryo to obtain oxygen from air and dispose carbon dioxide.
C	Production and processing of nutrients for the embryo.
D	Structure for the shell in which the honeycomb allantois attached itself to chorion.

Question 24

Which of the following undergoes the fastest evolution? (fastest change in terms of time)

A	mtDNA
B	RNA
C	DNA
D	rRNA

Question 25

In cladistics, what is the primary criterion for grouping of organisms?

A	Ability to interbreed and reproduce viable offspring.
B	Common ancestral based decedents.
C	Ability to interbreed among individuals.
D	Fossil record indicating similar characteristics.
E	Common homologous and analogous features.

Question 26

Which of the following group best describe the first vertebrates on land?

A	Cordatas
B	Animalia
C	Tetrapods
D	Bipedal vertebrates

Question 27

The Vitamin K plays an important role in what function of the human body?

A	Amino acid metabolism
B	Collagen synthesis
C	Synthesis of fat
D	Blood clotting
E	Visual pigments and epithelial tissues

Question 28

Which of the following statement is false?

A	Humans are generically closer to Chimpanzees than to Gorillas.
B	Cecum of a cow is much larger than that of a human.
C	All tissues in a healthy human body have the ability to regenerate.
D	Integration of sensory data occurs within the Central Nervous System.
E	Food molecules are chemical broken down by specialized enzymes.

Question 28 Explanation:

Nervous tissues do not regenerate like other tissues. In rare cases, the regeneration is extremely slow and often does not recover back to the original condition.

Question 29

Were do we find most of the evidence for bipedalism?

A	Based on the size of the exoskeleton.
B	Based on the type of tools utilized by the arthropods.
C	Based on the placement of spinal cord opening on the skulls.
D	Based on the DNA structure of arthropods.
E	Based on the length ratio of limbs to arms.

Question 30

Organisms wit which of the feeding mechanism has the most complex digestive system?

A	Substrate feeders
B	Bulk feeders
C	Fluid feeders
D	Suspension feeders

Question 31

Which of the following is a common characteristic of hagfishes and lampreys?

A	They both lack endoskeleton.
B	Hagfishes lack jaws and lampreys lack endoskeleton.
C	They both lack jaws.
D	They both produce slime when threatened and it can be used for manufacturing textiles.

Question 32

What is the primary function of a placenta?

A	Storing and processing nutrients.
B	Protection of embryo from any external forces; chemical and physical.
C	Diffusion of nutrients from mother's blood to embryo's blood.
D	Controlling temperature, pressure and chemical compounds for the embryo.
E	Gas exchange for breathing.

Question 33

Which arrow shows the release of digestive enzymes by the liver?

Image Credit: Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections by Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey and Soctt

A	Arrow D
B	Arrow B
C	Arrow A
D	Arrow C

Question 34

Which of the following belongs to Peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

I. Cranial nerves
II. Spinal nerves
III. Brain
IV. Spinal cord

A	II and IV
B	None of the listed items.
C	All of the listed items.
D	I, II and III
E	I and II
F	III and IV

Question 35

Why do chameleons change colour?

A	To blend into the surrounding environment.
B	To communicate with each other.
C	To warn the predators.
D	For altruism and mimicry where one individual or more benefited by changing appearance,

Question 36

What is the main reason for the evolutionary development of amniotes?

A	Adaptation to terrestrial environments.
B	Protect the eggs from predators.
C	As a counteraction to balance the pressure and temperature conditions of the zygote.
D	Reduce the zygote breakdown.

Question 37

Which of the clades, ray-finned fishes belongs to?

A	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Tetrapods
B	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates
C	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Amniotes
D	Chordates, Vertebrates
E	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Tetrapods, Amniotes

Question 38

If two groups of organisms interbreed, but resulting organism can no longer produce viable offspring of his/her own, the system is said to be...

A	...experiencing a hybrid breakdown.
B	...in gametic isolation state.
C	...in temporal isolation state.
D	...experiencing a reduced hybrid viability.
E	...experiencing a reduced hybrid fertility.

Question 39

Which of the following statements are true about vitamins and minerals?

A	While it is possible to live a healthy life without minerals, all humans must requires vitamins.
B	They are organic substances which human do not produce its' own. Mostly acquired from food sources.
C	They are compounds usually acquired from food sources. Vitamins are organic compounds while minerals are inorganic compounds.
D	There are thirty essential vitamins requirements for humans according to Health Canada guidelines.
E	They are chemicals produced by the monosccharies and absorbed through amino acids.

Question 40

Which of the following statement is true about resting potential of human nervous system?

A	Resting neurons have a slightly negative charge inside the cell.
B	Resting neurons have a slightly positive charge inside the cell.
C	Resting neurons for humans is about +/- 5 mV.
D	Resting neurons have a zero charge inside the cell.

Question 41

Peter and Rosemary Grants have studied evolutionary changes in Darwin's finches. Which of the the statements best describe the key conclusion of this study?

A	The response to environmental changes often result in dramatic shift in phenotypes.
B	Hybrids have better survival rate than the others in a population.
C	Competition for food can drive evolutionary changes and adaptations.
D	Darwin's finches are unique because they are the only population to have a large variation in beak sizes.

Question 42

What is unique about PhyloCode classification?

A	It includes a common ancestor and all its decedents.
B	It includes only the evidence from fossils record.
C	It includes only the evidence from DNA and other genetic materials.
D	It includes the new classification categories such as sub-phylums and sub-domains.

Question 43

Biologists found over 1000 different snake species on one island. This is an example of what mechanism?

A	Polyploidy
B	Adaptive radiation
C	Zygotic barriers
D	Sympathetic speciation
E	Temporal isolation

Question 44

What is the primary weakness in majority of modern phylogenetic trees?

A	The lack of timing for each lineage event.
B	The rapid evolutionary events are poorly recorded and therefore often not included in phylogenetic trees.
C	The lack of DNA evidence to support most of the lineage events,
D	The lack of fossil record to trace the phylogenetic sequence to a common accessory.

Question 45

Which of the following is a true statement about hard bones and/or cartilages?

A	Skeletal structure of the body is made up of about 90% cartilages.
B	Exoskeleton doesn't grow at the same rate as the physical growth of an organism.
C	Primary function of the cartilages is to support mechanical movements of organisms.
D	They are considered to be made up of nonliving materials, but bones are cartilages are generated by living cells.

Question 46

Which of the following vitamins is responsible for production of nucleic acids and read blood cells?

A	Vitamin A
B	Vitamin B₁₂
C	Vitamin K
D	Vitamin B₆
E	Vitamin B₁

Question 47

Scientists have used the molecular clock model to identify the origins of HIV-1M virus which causes AIDS. What is the major assumption in molecular clock model?

A	The modern HIV virus is derived from an ancestor that have the exact same characteristics as the current HIV-1M virus.
B	The HIV virus originated from primates and transferred to human.
C	The rate at which the HIV genome evolve is consent at all times.
D	The HIV genome is composed of fast self replicating DNA that produce a new evolutionary trait at an exponential rate.

Question 48

What is the first modern phylum to evolve a nervous system?

A	Cnidarians
B	Annelids
C	Molluscs
D	Arthropods
E	Planarians

Question 49

If a particular characteristic of a clade is not found in their ancestor, it is most likely a...

A	...genetically evolved character.
B	...shared ancestral character.
C	...ancestral character.
D	...shared derived character.
E	...genetically modified character.

Question 50

Which of the following statements about animal digestive system is true?

A	Cellulose-digesting microbes are equally abundant both in carnivores and herbivores.
B	All vertebrates process hard solid foods in the Gizzard before the nutrients are absorbed by the intestine.
C	Omnivores have longer digestive track then carnivores of similar body size because vegetation is more difficult to break digest.
D	Meat is more difficult to digest than vegetable matter because of its high protein content.

Question 51

In cladistics, what do you call the organisms that is known to have diverged before the linage of interest?

A	outgroup
B	derived organisms
C	drifted organisms
D	ingroup

Question 52

The fin extensions in front of the stingrays are used for...

A	...swim against the currents.
B	...move on the seabed and for sediment filtering.
C	...funnel in water for suspension feeding.
D	...attack prey.

Question 53

What mammal lineage do humans belong to?

A	Biotremes
B	Marsupials
C	Euterians
D	Monotremes

Question 53 Explanation:

Also known as placental mammals due to complex placentas.

Question 54

Which part of this diagram of the human brain depicts the thalamus?

Image Credit: Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections by Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey and Soctt

A	Part D
B	Part C
C	Part A
D	Part B

Question 55

Which of these is not a member of the anthropoids?

A	Humans
B	Tarsiers
C	Gorillas
D	Gibbons
E	Monkeys

Question 56

Based on the three main categories of how animals obtain and process food, which of the following does not fit with the others?

A	Gorilla
B	Raccoons
C	Crows
D	Human
E	Cockroaches

Question 56 Explanation:

Gorilla belongs to the herbivores while others belongs to the omnivores.

Question 57

During digestion, nucleic acids brake down what chemical compound/component?

A	Glycerol
B	Monosaccharides
C	Fatty acids
D	Nucleotides
E	Amino acids

Question 58

What is the resting potential voltage for human nervous system?

A	100 mV
B	+50 mV
C	-30 mV
D	-70 mV
E	10 mV

Question 59

What is the relationship between evolution of feathers and flight?

A	The flight evolved first then feathers evolved to insulate high flying birds from old air masses.
B	It is difficult to prove the connection between feathers and flight due to lack of scientific evidence.
C	The feathers evolved first as an insulation mechanism and later the flight was evolved.
D	The flight and feathers evolved at the same time.
E	There is no relationship between them because feathers are just skin protectors.

Question 60

You open the Biology 205 exam booklet. You read the first question and realized that unlike Geology 449, you can actually answer the question using logic, reasoning and memory. After analyzing the question, you use your hand to record an answer. What are the steps which your nervous system takes to process above scenario?

A	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Central Nervous System through Peripheral Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
B	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Peripheral Nervous System through Central Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Central Nervous System.
C	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Central Nervous System directly. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
D	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of Central Nervous System directly. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Central Nervous System.
E	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Peripheral Nervous System through Central Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.

Question 61

What was the function of gill slits, which lead to the formation of jaws, at the very beginning of their evolution?

A	Pumping water for movement.
B	Crushing and grinding of food particles.
C	Catching or killing the prey.
D	Trapping suspended food particles.
E	Breathing by exchanging oxygen atoms from the water.

Question 62

Mammals belongs to the amniotes. However, mammals are different from reptiles (also amniotes) because...

A	...mammals have hair and mammary glands.
B	...mammals have thick notochords.
C	...mammals are part of the primate group.
D	...mammals do not produce eggs.
E	...mammals are also tetrapods.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. K. Ruckstuhl during Fall 2014.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Biology 205 Midterm II-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm I | Midterm III | Final Exam

Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

Standing on the shoulders of giants

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Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

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Standing on the shoulders of giants