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Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

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Question 1

What is the main reason for the evolutionary development of amniotes?

A	As a counteraction to balance the pressure and temperature conditions of the zygote.
B	Protect the eggs from predators.
C	Adaptation to terrestrial environments.
D	Reduce the zygote breakdown.

Question 2

What is the first modern phylum to evolve a nervous system?

A	Arthropods
B	Annelids
C	Planarians
D	Molluscs
E	Cnidarians

Question 3

What is the resting potential voltage for human nervous system?

A	10 mV
B	-30 mV
C	-70 mV
D	+50 mV
E	100 mV

Question 4

In cladistics, what do you call the organisms that is known to have diverged before the linage of interest?

A	ingroup
B	derived organisms
C	outgroup
D	drifted organisms

Question 5

What is the best description for Humpback whales?

A	They are omnivores that feeds on both seaweeds and fishes.
B	They are substrate feeders.
C	They are herbivores and the primary diet is eat seaweed.
D	They are fluid feeders.
E	They are suspension feeders.

Question 6

What part of the world you expect to observe marsupials in their natural habitat (modern day)?

A	China
B	South Asia
C	New Zealand
D	Antarctic region.
E	Russia and Canada

Question 6 Explanation:

Also Australia, Central and South America.

Question 7

Which of the following vitamins is responsible for production of nucleic acids and read blood cells?

A	Vitamin K
B	Vitamin B₁
C	Vitamin A
D	Vitamin B₁₂
E	Vitamin B₆

Question 8

Were do we find most of the evidence for bipedalism?

A	Based on the length ratio of limbs to arms.
B	Based on the placement of spinal cord opening on the skulls.
C	Based on the type of tools utilized by the arthropods.
D	Based on the DNA structure of arthropods.
E	Based on the size of the exoskeleton.

Question 9

Which of the following group best describe the first vertebrates on land?

A	Bipedal vertebrates
B	Tetrapods
C	Animalia
D	Cordatas

Question 10

During digestion, nucleic acids brake down what chemical compound/component?

A	Amino acids
B	Glycerol
C	Monosaccharides
D	Nucleotides
E	Fatty acids

Question 11

Scientists have used the molecular clock model to identify the origins of HIV-1M virus which causes AIDS. What is the major assumption in molecular clock model?

A	The rate at which the HIV genome evolve is consent at all times.
B	The modern HIV virus is derived from an ancestor that have the exact same characteristics as the current HIV-1M virus.
C	The HIV virus originated from primates and transferred to human.
D	The HIV genome is composed of fast self replicating DNA that produce a new evolutionary trait at an exponential rate.

Question 12

What is unique about PhyloCode classification?

A	It includes the new classification categories such as sub-phylums and sub-domains.
B	It includes only the evidence from fossils record.
C	It includes a common ancestor and all its decedents.
D	It includes only the evidence from DNA and other genetic materials.

Question 13

You open the Biology 205 exam booklet. You read the first question and realized that unlike Geology 449, you can actually answer the question using logic, reasoning and memory. After analyzing the question, you use your hand to record an answer. What are the steps which your nervous system takes to process above scenario?

A	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Central Nervous System directly. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
B	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of Central Nervous System directly. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Central Nervous System.
C	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Central Nervous System through Peripheral Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
D	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Peripheral Nervous System through Central Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
E	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Peripheral Nervous System through Central Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Central Nervous System.

Question 14

Which of the following food molecule is not a polymer?

A	Saccharides
B	Fat
C	Nucleic acids
D	Protein

Question 15

What is the relationship between evolution of feathers and flight?

A	The flight evolved first then feathers evolved to insulate high flying birds from old air masses.
B	It is difficult to prove the connection between feathers and flight due to lack of scientific evidence.
C	The flight and feathers evolved at the same time.
D	The feathers evolved first as an insulation mechanism and later the flight was evolved.
E	There is no relationship between them because feathers are just skin protectors.

Question 16

Which of these is not a member of the anthropoids?

A	Monkeys
B	Tarsiers
C	Gorillas
D	Gibbons
E	Humans

Question 17

During digestion, fats brake down to fatty acids and what other chemical compound?

A	Nucleotides
B	Amino acids
C	Glycerol
D	Hydrochloric acid
E	Monosaccharides

Question 18

Which of the following statements about animal digestive system is true?

A	All vertebrates process hard solid foods in the Gizzard before the nutrients are absorbed by the intestine.
B	Cellulose-digesting microbes are equally abundant both in carnivores and herbivores.
C	Meat is more difficult to digest than vegetable matter because of its high protein content.
D	Omnivores have longer digestive track then carnivores of similar body size because vegetation is more difficult to break digest.

Question 19

Which of the following hominins were the earliest to colonize beyond Africa?

A	Homo neanderthalensis
B	Homo ergaster
C	Homo erectus
D	Homo sapiens
E	Homo habilis

Question 20

The fin extensions in front of the stingrays are used for...

A	...swim against the currents.
B	...attack prey.
C	...move on the seabed and for sediment filtering.
D	...funnel in water for suspension feeding.

Question 21

What is the primary weakness in majority of modern phylogenetic trees?

A	The lack of DNA evidence to support most of the lineage events,
B	The lack of fossil record to trace the phylogenetic sequence to a common accessory.
C	The rapid evolutionary events are poorly recorded and therefore often not included in phylogenetic trees.
D	The lack of timing for each lineage event.

Question 22

Which of the following anthropoids is well known to be the first one to use sophisticated stone tools?

A	Homo sapiens
B	Homo ergaster
C	Homo neanderthalensis
D	Homo erectus
E	Homo habilis

Question 23

Which of the following belongs to Peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

I. Cranial nerves
II. Spinal nerves
III. Brain
IV. Spinal cord

A	II and IV
B	None of the listed items.
C	I, II and III
D	All of the listed items.
E	III and IV
F	I and II

Question 24

The following diagram is a phylogenetic tree of primates. What organisms are indicated by VI and VII respectively?

A	Tarsiers and Gibbons
B	Gibbons and Orangutans
C	Gorillas and Chimpanzees
D	Orangutans and Gorillas
E	Orangutans and Gibbons

Question 25

Coordination and learning of new body movements is mostly controlled by what part of the brain?

A	Cerebrum.
B	Pons midbrain in the Brain Stem.
C	Cerebellum.
D	Medulla oblongata in the Brain Stem.
E	Hypothalamus.

Question 26

What was the function of gill slits, which lead to the formation of jaws, at the very beginning of their evolution?

A	Pumping water for movement.
B	Catching or killing the prey.
C	Crushing and grinding of food particles.
D	Breathing by exchanging oxygen atoms from the water.
E	Trapping suspended food particles.

Question 27

In a hot arid environment, evolution prefer organisms with what type of adaptation(s)?

A	Organisms with endohermic metabolism.
B	Organisms that can store high volume of water within their bodies.
C	Organisms with lungs instead of a skin-bases gas exchanges.
D	Organisms that have the ability to fly therefore allowing them to migrate to locations with more food/water.
E	Organisms with ectothermic metabolism.

Question 28

Mammals belongs to the amniotes. However, mammals are different from reptiles (also amniotes) because...

A	...mammals have hair and mammary glands.
B	...mammals are part of the primate group.
C	...mammals are also tetrapods.
D	...mammals do not produce eggs.
E	...mammals have thick notochords.

Question 29

Which of the following is a true statement about hard bones and/or cartilages?

A	They are considered to be made up of nonliving materials, but bones are cartilages are generated by living cells.
B	Skeletal structure of the body is made up of about 90% cartilages.
C	Primary function of the cartilages is to support mechanical movements of organisms.
D	Exoskeleton doesn't grow at the same rate as the physical growth of an organism.

Question 30

Why do chameleons change colour?

A	To communicate with each other.
B	For altruism and mimicry where one individual or more benefited by changing appearance,
C	To warn the predators.
D	To blend into the surrounding environment.

Question 31

In cladistics, what is the primary criterion for grouping of organisms?

A	Fossil record indicating similar characteristics.
B	Ability to interbreed among individuals.
C	Common homologous and analogous features.
D	Ability to interbreed and reproduce viable offspring.
E	Common ancestral based decedents.

Question 32

What is the evolutionary connection between the lungs and swim bladders?

A	They have no evolutionary connection because they are analogous features.
B	Swim bladders evolved from lungs.
C	Lugs evolved from swim bladders.
D	Both developed at the same time under same environmental conditions.

Question 33

Amphibians dominated the Carboniferous period. However, their adaptation to different environments is hindered by...

A	...limited food supply.
B	...large number of predators.
C	...vulnerability to dehydration.
D	...limited viable offspring.

Question 34

Organisms wit which of the feeding mechanism has the most complex digestive system?

A	Substrate feeders
B	Bulk feeders
C	Suspension feeders
D	Fluid feeders

Question 35

Human brain estimated to have how many neutrons?

A	500 billion
B	800 billion
C	800 million
D	100 million
E	100 billion

Question 36

Which of the following statements are true about vitamins and minerals?

A	They are chemicals produced by the monosccharies and absorbed through amino acids.
B	There are thirty essential vitamins requirements for humans according to Health Canada guidelines.
C	They are organic substances which human do not produce its' own. Mostly acquired from food sources.
D	While it is possible to live a healthy life without minerals, all humans must requires vitamins.
E	They are compounds usually acquired from food sources. Vitamins are organic compounds while minerals are inorganic compounds.

Question 37

Which arrow shows the release of digestive enzymes by the liver?

Image Credit: Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections by Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey and Soctt

A	Arrow C
B	Arrow A
C	Arrow B
D	Arrow D

Question 38

Where do the majority of nutrients stored in the amniotic egg?

A	Allantois
B	Chorion
C	Yolk
D	Amnion
E	Embryo

Question 39

Which of the following statement is false?

A	All tissues in a healthy human body have the ability to regenerate.
B	Food molecules are chemical broken down by specialized enzymes.
C	Integration of sensory data occurs within the Central Nervous System.
D	Cecum of a cow is much larger than that of a human.
E	Humans are generically closer to Chimpanzees than to Gorillas.

Question 39 Explanation:

Nervous tissues do not regenerate like other tissues. In rare cases, the regeneration is extremely slow and often does not recover back to the original condition.

Question 40

The first tetrapods were most likely...

A	...vertebrates with complex lungs.
B	...fishes with necks and four limbs.
C	...sting rays with gas exchange lungs.
D	...fishes that dragged themselves from one pool of water to another.

Question 41

Some of the muscles and glands in the digestive track is controlled by...

A	...central nervous system.
B	...motor system of the peripheral nervous system.
C	...sympathetic division of the motor nervous system.
D	...sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
E	...enteric division of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 42

What mammal lineage do humans belong to?

A	Euterians
B	Biotremes
C	Monotremes
D	Marsupials

Question 42 Explanation:

Also known as placental mammals due to complex placentas.

Question 43

Peter and Rosemary Grants have studied evolutionary changes in Darwin's finches. Which of the the statements best describe the key conclusion of this study?

A	Darwin's finches are unique because they are the only population to have a large variation in beak sizes.
B	Competition for food can drive evolutionary changes and adaptations.
C	The response to environmental changes often result in dramatic shift in phenotypes.
D	Hybrids have better survival rate than the others in a population.

Question 44

Which of the following statement is true about resting potential of human nervous system?

A	Resting neurons have a zero charge inside the cell.
B	Resting neurons for humans is about +/- 5 mV.
C	Resting neurons have a slightly negative charge inside the cell.
D	Resting neurons have a slightly positive charge inside the cell.

Question 45

Biologists found over 1000 different snake species on one island. This is an example of what mechanism?

A	Zygotic barriers
B	Polyploidy
C	Adaptive radiation
D	Sympathetic speciation
E	Temporal isolation

Question 46

The following diagram is a phylogenetic tree of primates. What organisms are indicated by I, II, III, and IV respectively?

A	I. Tarsiers II. New World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Orangutans
B	I. New World monkeys II. Old World monkeys III. Tarsiers IV. Chimpanzees
C	I. Old World monkeys II. New World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Orangutans
D	I. New World monkeys II. Old World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Chimpanzees
E	I. Tarsiers II. New World monkeys III. Old World monkeys IV. Gibbons

Question 47

Which of the following organism is not belong to the apes category?

A	Bonobos
B	Orangutans
C	Gibbons
D	Chimpanzees
E	Monkeys

Question 47 Explanation:

But note that both monkeys and apes are part of the anthropod group.

Question 48

Which of the clades, ray-finned fishes belongs to?

A	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Amniotes
B	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates
C	Chordates, Vertebrates
D	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Tetrapods, Amniotes
E	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Tetrapods

Question 49

What is the primary function of a placenta?

A	Storing and processing nutrients.
B	Gas exchange for breathing.
C	Controlling temperature, pressure and chemical compounds for the embryo.
D	Diffusion of nutrients from mother's blood to embryo's blood.
E	Protection of embryo from any external forces; chemical and physical.

Question 50

Which of the following in our Nervous System responsible for insulating axons?

A	glia
B	axon hillock
C	myelin sheath
D	myelin sheath and glia
E	cell body

Question 51

Based on the three main categories of how animals obtain and process food, which of the following does not fit with the others?

A	Human
B	Gorilla
C	Crows
D	Cockroaches
E	Raccoons

Question 51 Explanation:

Gorilla belongs to the herbivores while others belongs to the omnivores.

Question 52

What is the primary function of chorion and allantois in amniotic egg?

A	Protection of the embryo from the outside environment through temperature regulation.
B	Structure for the shell in which the honeycomb allantois attached itself to chorion.
C	Enables the embryo to obtain oxygen from air and dispose carbon dioxide.
D	Production and processing of nutrients for the embryo.

Question 53

How many amino acids human body cannot produce its own?

A	Ten
B	Three
C	Fifteen
D	Eight
E	Five

Question 54

Humans are belong to __I__ Domain and __II__ Phylum.

A	I. Archaea II. Primates
B	I. Eukaryota II. Primates
C	I. Chordata II. Primates
D	I. Primates II. Homininae
E	I. Eukaryota II. Chordata

Question 55

Which of the following undergoes the fastest evolution? (fastest change in terms of time)

A	RNA
B	mtDNA
C	DNA
D	rRNA

Question 56

If two groups of organisms interbreed, but resulting organism can no longer produce viable offspring of his/her own, the system is said to be...

A	...in gametic isolation state.
B	...experiencing a hybrid breakdown.
C	...experiencing a reduced hybrid viability.
D	...in temporal isolation state.
E	...experiencing a reduced hybrid fertility.

Question 57

According to current fossil record and our understanding, which came first; bipedalism, large brains or both around the same time?

A	Large brains
B	Not enough evidence to support either way.
C	Both around the same time
D	Bipedalism

Question 58

The Vitamin K plays an important role in what function of the human body?

A	Synthesis of fat
B	Collagen synthesis
C	Blood clotting
D	Amino acid metabolism
E	Visual pigments and epithelial tissues

Question 59

If a particular characteristic of a clade is not found in their ancestor, it is most likely a...

A	...ancestral character.
B	...genetically evolved character.
C	...shared derived character.
D	...shared ancestral character.
E	...genetically modified character.

Question 60

Which of the following is a common characteristic of hagfishes and lampreys?

A	They both lack jaws.
B	They both lack endoskeleton.
C	Hagfishes lack jaws and lampreys lack endoskeleton.
D	They both produce slime when threatened and it can be used for manufacturing textiles.

Question 61

How do we describe a situation where a species undergo little or no change for a long period of time but characterized by sudden changes?

A	The species most likely increased in diversity and their hybrid population.
B	The population has experienced an allopatric speciation.
C	This situation most likely caused by genetic drift.
D	Species experienced a punctuated equilibrium.

Question 62

Which part of this diagram of the human brain depicts the thalamus?

Image Credit: Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections by Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey and Soctt

A	Part A
B	Part C
C	Part B
D	Part D

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. K. Ruckstuhl during Fall 2014.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Biology 205 Midterm II-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm I | Midterm III | Final Exam

Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

Standing on the shoulders of giants

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Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

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Standing on the shoulders of giants