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Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

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Question 1

Why do chameleons change colour?

A	For altruism and mimicry where one individual or more benefited by changing appearance,
B	To communicate with each other.
C	To warn the predators.
D	To blend into the surrounding environment.

Question 2

What part of the world you expect to observe marsupials in their natural habitat (modern day)?

A	South Asia
B	Russia and Canada
C	China
D	Antarctic region.
E	New Zealand

Question 2 Explanation:

Also Australia, Central and South America.

Question 3

Which of the following statements are true about vitamins and minerals?

A	They are organic substances which human do not produce its' own. Mostly acquired from food sources.
B	They are chemicals produced by the monosccharies and absorbed through amino acids.
C	While it is possible to live a healthy life without minerals, all humans must requires vitamins.
D	They are compounds usually acquired from food sources. Vitamins are organic compounds while minerals are inorganic compounds.
E	There are thirty essential vitamins requirements for humans according to Health Canada guidelines.

Question 4

The Vitamin K plays an important role in what function of the human body?

A	Synthesis of fat
B	Visual pigments and epithelial tissues
C	Amino acid metabolism
D	Blood clotting
E	Collagen synthesis

Question 5

Which of the following food molecule is not a polymer?

A	Protein
B	Nucleic acids
C	Fat
D	Saccharides

Question 6

Some of the muscles and glands in the digestive track is controlled by...

A	...sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
B	...sympathetic division of the motor nervous system.
C	...enteric division of the autonomic nervous system.
D	...motor system of the peripheral nervous system.
E	...central nervous system.

Question 7

Which arrow shows the release of digestive enzymes by the liver?

Image Credit: Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections by Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey and Soctt

A	Arrow A
B	Arrow D
C	Arrow C
D	Arrow B

Question 8

Which of the following group best describe the first vertebrates on land?

A	Bipedal vertebrates
B	Animalia
C	Tetrapods
D	Cordatas

Question 9

What is the relationship between evolution of feathers and flight?

A	There is no relationship between them because feathers are just skin protectors.
B	It is difficult to prove the connection between feathers and flight due to lack of scientific evidence.
C	The flight evolved first then feathers evolved to insulate high flying birds from old air masses.
D	The feathers evolved first as an insulation mechanism and later the flight was evolved.
E	The flight and feathers evolved at the same time.

Question 10

Which of the following is a true statement about hard bones and/or cartilages?

A	Skeletal structure of the body is made up of about 90% cartilages.
B	Exoskeleton doesn't grow at the same rate as the physical growth of an organism.
C	Primary function of the cartilages is to support mechanical movements of organisms.
D	They are considered to be made up of nonliving materials, but bones are cartilages are generated by living cells.

Question 11

During digestion, nucleic acids brake down what chemical compound/component?

A	Glycerol
B	Fatty acids
C	Monosaccharides
D	Nucleotides
E	Amino acids

Question 12

Based on the three main categories of how animals obtain and process food, which of the following does not fit with the others?

A	Crows
B	Cockroaches
C	Human
D	Gorilla
E	Raccoons

Question 12 Explanation:

Gorilla belongs to the herbivores while others belongs to the omnivores.

Question 13

What is the primary function of a placenta?

A	Controlling temperature, pressure and chemical compounds for the embryo.
B	Gas exchange for breathing.
C	Protection of embryo from any external forces; chemical and physical.
D	Diffusion of nutrients from mother's blood to embryo's blood.
E	Storing and processing nutrients.

Question 14

Which of the clades, ray-finned fishes belongs to?

A	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Amniotes
B	Chordates, Vertebrates
C	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates
D	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Tetrapods, Amniotes
E	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Tetrapods

Question 15

The following diagram is a phylogenetic tree of primates. What organisms are indicated by I, II, III, and IV respectively?

A	I. New World monkeys II. Old World monkeys III. Tarsiers IV. Chimpanzees
B	I. New World monkeys II. Old World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Chimpanzees
C	I. Tarsiers II. New World monkeys III. Old World monkeys IV. Gibbons
D	I. Old World monkeys II. New World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Orangutans
E	I. Tarsiers II. New World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Orangutans

Question 16

What is unique about PhyloCode classification?

A	It includes only the evidence from DNA and other genetic materials.
B	It includes the new classification categories such as sub-phylums and sub-domains.
C	It includes only the evidence from fossils record.
D	It includes a common ancestor and all its decedents.

Question 17

Peter and Rosemary Grants have studied evolutionary changes in Darwin's finches. Which of the the statements best describe the key conclusion of this study?

A	Competition for food can drive evolutionary changes and adaptations.
B	Hybrids have better survival rate than the others in a population.
C	Darwin's finches are unique because they are the only population to have a large variation in beak sizes.
D	The response to environmental changes often result in dramatic shift in phenotypes.

Question 18

Were do we find most of the evidence for bipedalism?

A	Based on the placement of spinal cord opening on the skulls.
B	Based on the type of tools utilized by the arthropods.
C	Based on the length ratio of limbs to arms.
D	Based on the DNA structure of arthropods.
E	Based on the size of the exoskeleton.

Question 19

Which of the following statement is false?

A	Food molecules are chemical broken down by specialized enzymes.
B	Integration of sensory data occurs within the Central Nervous System.
C	All tissues in a healthy human body have the ability to regenerate.
D	Cecum of a cow is much larger than that of a human.
E	Humans are generically closer to Chimpanzees than to Gorillas.

Question 19 Explanation:

Nervous tissues do not regenerate like other tissues. In rare cases, the regeneration is extremely slow and often does not recover back to the original condition.

Question 20

Which of the following statement is true about resting potential of human nervous system?

A	Resting neurons have a slightly positive charge inside the cell.
B	Resting neurons for humans is about +/- 5 mV.
C	Resting neurons have a zero charge inside the cell.
D	Resting neurons have a slightly negative charge inside the cell.

Question 21

Which of the following belongs to Peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

I. Cranial nerves
II. Spinal nerves
III. Brain
IV. Spinal cord

A	I, II and III
B	II and IV
C	I and II
D	III and IV
E	None of the listed items.
F	All of the listed items.

Question 22

Which of the following is a common characteristic of hagfishes and lampreys?

A	Hagfishes lack jaws and lampreys lack endoskeleton.
B	They both produce slime when threatened and it can be used for manufacturing textiles.
C	They both lack jaws.
D	They both lack endoskeleton.

Question 23

According to current fossil record and our understanding, which came first; bipedalism, large brains or both around the same time?

A	Both around the same time
B	Bipedalism
C	Large brains
D	Not enough evidence to support either way.

Question 24

How many amino acids human body cannot produce its own?

A	Eight
B	Ten
C	Three
D	Fifteen
E	Five

Question 25

What is the evolutionary connection between the lungs and swim bladders?

A	Lugs evolved from swim bladders.
B	Swim bladders evolved from lungs.
C	Both developed at the same time under same environmental conditions.
D	They have no evolutionary connection because they are analogous features.

Question 26

What was the function of gill slits, which lead to the formation of jaws, at the very beginning of their evolution?

A	Crushing and grinding of food particles.
B	Catching or killing the prey.
C	Trapping suspended food particles.
D	Breathing by exchanging oxygen atoms from the water.
E	Pumping water for movement.

Question 27

Which of the following vitamins is responsible for production of nucleic acids and read blood cells?

A	Vitamin B₁₂
B	Vitamin K
C	Vitamin B₆
D	Vitamin A
E	Vitamin B₁

Question 28

Which of the following statements about animal digestive system is true?

A	Cellulose-digesting microbes are equally abundant both in carnivores and herbivores.
B	Omnivores have longer digestive track then carnivores of similar body size because vegetation is more difficult to break digest.
C	All vertebrates process hard solid foods in the Gizzard before the nutrients are absorbed by the intestine.
D	Meat is more difficult to digest than vegetable matter because of its high protein content.

Question 29

What is the best description for Humpback whales?

A	They are omnivores that feeds on both seaweeds and fishes.
B	They are fluid feeders.
C	They are substrate feeders.
D	They are herbivores and the primary diet is eat seaweed.
E	They are suspension feeders.

Question 30

Which of the following organism is not belong to the apes category?

A	Orangutans
B	Monkeys
C	Gibbons
D	Chimpanzees
E	Bonobos

Question 30 Explanation:

But note that both monkeys and apes are part of the anthropod group.

Question 31

What is the primary weakness in majority of modern phylogenetic trees?

A	The rapid evolutionary events are poorly recorded and therefore often not included in phylogenetic trees.
B	The lack of timing for each lineage event.
C	The lack of DNA evidence to support most of the lineage events,
D	The lack of fossil record to trace the phylogenetic sequence to a common accessory.

Question 32

If a particular characteristic of a clade is not found in their ancestor, it is most likely a...

A	...genetically evolved character.
B	...ancestral character.
C	...genetically modified character.
D	...shared derived character.
E	...shared ancestral character.

Question 33

Biologists found over 1000 different snake species on one island. This is an example of what mechanism?

A	Adaptive radiation
B	Polyploidy
C	Zygotic barriers
D	Sympathetic speciation
E	Temporal isolation

Question 34

The following diagram is a phylogenetic tree of primates. What organisms are indicated by VI and VII respectively?

A	Tarsiers and Gibbons
B	Gorillas and Chimpanzees
C	Gibbons and Orangutans
D	Orangutans and Gibbons
E	Orangutans and Gorillas

Question 35

Which of the following anthropoids is well known to be the first one to use sophisticated stone tools?

A	Homo habilis
B	Homo neanderthalensis
C	Homo sapiens
D	Homo ergaster
E	Homo erectus

Question 36

Mammals belongs to the amniotes. However, mammals are different from reptiles (also amniotes) because...

A	...mammals are also tetrapods.
B	...mammals have hair and mammary glands.
C	...mammals do not produce eggs.
D	...mammals have thick notochords.
E	...mammals are part of the primate group.

Question 37

In cladistics, what do you call the organisms that is known to have diverged before the linage of interest?

A	outgroup
B	ingroup
C	derived organisms
D	drifted organisms

Question 38

Which of these is not a member of the anthropoids?

A	Tarsiers
B	Humans
C	Gorillas
D	Gibbons
E	Monkeys

Question 39

What is the primary function of chorion and allantois in amniotic egg?

A	Protection of the embryo from the outside environment through temperature regulation.
B	Enables the embryo to obtain oxygen from air and dispose carbon dioxide.
C	Structure for the shell in which the honeycomb allantois attached itself to chorion.
D	Production and processing of nutrients for the embryo.

Question 40

If two groups of organisms interbreed, but resulting organism can no longer produce viable offspring of his/her own, the system is said to be...

A	...experiencing a reduced hybrid fertility.
B	...experiencing a reduced hybrid viability.
C	...in gametic isolation state.
D	...in temporal isolation state.
E	...experiencing a hybrid breakdown.

Question 41

In a hot arid environment, evolution prefer organisms with what type of adaptation(s)?

A	Organisms with lungs instead of a skin-bases gas exchanges.
B	Organisms with ectothermic metabolism.
C	Organisms that have the ability to fly therefore allowing them to migrate to locations with more food/water.
D	Organisms with endohermic metabolism.
E	Organisms that can store high volume of water within their bodies.

Question 42

Which of the following undergoes the fastest evolution? (fastest change in terms of time)

A	RNA
B	rRNA
C	DNA
D	mtDNA

Question 43

Organisms wit which of the feeding mechanism has the most complex digestive system?

A	Bulk feeders
B	Substrate feeders
C	Fluid feeders
D	Suspension feeders

Question 44

Amphibians dominated the Carboniferous period. However, their adaptation to different environments is hindered by...

A	...vulnerability to dehydration.
B	...large number of predators.
C	...limited food supply.
D	...limited viable offspring.

Question 45

Which of the following hominins were the earliest to colonize beyond Africa?

A	Homo sapiens
B	Homo neanderthalensis
C	Homo erectus
D	Homo ergaster
E	Homo habilis

Question 46

The fin extensions in front of the stingrays are used for...

A	...attack prey.
B	...funnel in water for suspension feeding.
C	...swim against the currents.
D	...move on the seabed and for sediment filtering.

Question 47

The first tetrapods were most likely...

A	...fishes with necks and four limbs.
B	...fishes that dragged themselves from one pool of water to another.
C	...vertebrates with complex lungs.
D	...sting rays with gas exchange lungs.

Question 48

What mammal lineage do humans belong to?

A	Monotremes
B	Biotremes
C	Marsupials
D	Euterians

Question 48 Explanation:

Also known as placental mammals due to complex placentas.

Question 49

Where do the majority of nutrients stored in the amniotic egg?

A	Allantois
B	Chorion
C	Embryo
D	Amnion
E	Yolk

Question 50

Humans are belong to __I__ Domain and __II__ Phylum.

A	I. Eukaryota II. Primates
B	I. Archaea II. Primates
C	I. Primates II. Homininae
D	I. Chordata II. Primates
E	I. Eukaryota II. Chordata

Question 51

What is the main reason for the evolutionary development of amniotes?

A	Protect the eggs from predators.
B	Reduce the zygote breakdown.
C	Adaptation to terrestrial environments.
D	As a counteraction to balance the pressure and temperature conditions of the zygote.

Question 52

How do we describe a situation where a species undergo little or no change for a long period of time but characterized by sudden changes?

A	This situation most likely caused by genetic drift.
B	The population has experienced an allopatric speciation.
C	The species most likely increased in diversity and their hybrid population.
D	Species experienced a punctuated equilibrium.

Question 53

Human brain estimated to have how many neutrons?

A	800 million
B	500 billion
C	800 billion
D	100 billion
E	100 million

Question 54

What is the first modern phylum to evolve a nervous system?

A	Arthropods
B	Annelids
C	Planarians
D	Cnidarians
E	Molluscs

Question 55

Scientists have used the molecular clock model to identify the origins of HIV-1M virus which causes AIDS. What is the major assumption in molecular clock model?

A	The HIV genome is composed of fast self replicating DNA that produce a new evolutionary trait at an exponential rate.
B	The modern HIV virus is derived from an ancestor that have the exact same characteristics as the current HIV-1M virus.
C	The HIV virus originated from primates and transferred to human.
D	The rate at which the HIV genome evolve is consent at all times.

Question 56

Which part of this diagram of the human brain depicts the thalamus?

Image Credit: Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections by Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey and Soctt

A	Part B
B	Part A
C	Part C
D	Part D

Question 57

During digestion, fats brake down to fatty acids and what other chemical compound?

A	Monosaccharides
B	Nucleotides
C	Hydrochloric acid
D	Glycerol
E	Amino acids

Question 58

Which of the following in our Nervous System responsible for insulating axons?

A	myelin sheath and glia
B	cell body
C	myelin sheath
D	glia
E	axon hillock

Question 59

Coordination and learning of new body movements is mostly controlled by what part of the brain?

A	Hypothalamus.
B	Medulla oblongata in the Brain Stem.
C	Cerebellum.
D	Pons midbrain in the Brain Stem.
E	Cerebrum.

Question 60

In cladistics, what is the primary criterion for grouping of organisms?

A	Ability to interbreed among individuals.
B	Common homologous and analogous features.
C	Common ancestral based decedents.
D	Ability to interbreed and reproduce viable offspring.
E	Fossil record indicating similar characteristics.

Question 61

What is the resting potential voltage for human nervous system?

A	-30 mV
B	+50 mV
C	-70 mV
D	10 mV
E	100 mV

Question 62

You open the Biology 205 exam booklet. You read the first question and realized that unlike Geology 449, you can actually answer the question using logic, reasoning and memory. After analyzing the question, you use your hand to record an answer. What are the steps which your nervous system takes to process above scenario?

A	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Central Nervous System through Peripheral Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
B	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Peripheral Nervous System through Central Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Central Nervous System.
C	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Peripheral Nervous System through Central Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
D	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Central Nervous System directly. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
E	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of Central Nervous System directly. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Central Nervous System.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. K. Ruckstuhl during Fall 2014.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Biology 205 Midterm II-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm I | Midterm III | Final Exam

Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

Standing on the shoulders of giants

Go to: Midterm I | Midterm III | Final Exam

Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

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Standing on the shoulders of giants