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Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

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Question 1

Biologists found over 1000 different snake species on one island. This is an example of what mechanism?

A	Polyploidy
B	Temporal isolation
C	Adaptive radiation
D	Sympathetic speciation
E	Zygotic barriers

Question 2

Human brain estimated to have how many neutrons?

A	800 million
B	100 billion
C	100 million
D	500 billion
E	800 billion

Question 3

What is the first modern phylum to evolve a nervous system?

A	Molluscs
B	Annelids
C	Cnidarians
D	Planarians
E	Arthropods

Question 4

What is the best description for Humpback whales?

A	They are omnivores that feeds on both seaweeds and fishes.
B	They are suspension feeders.
C	They are herbivores and the primary diet is eat seaweed.
D	They are fluid feeders.
E	They are substrate feeders.

Question 5

Mammals belongs to the amniotes. However, mammals are different from reptiles (also amniotes) because...

A	...mammals do not produce eggs.
B	...mammals are also tetrapods.
C	...mammals have thick notochords.
D	...mammals have hair and mammary glands.
E	...mammals are part of the primate group.

Question 6

In cladistics, what do you call the organisms that is known to have diverged before the linage of interest?

A	ingroup
B	outgroup
C	drifted organisms
D	derived organisms

Question 7

If a particular characteristic of a clade is not found in their ancestor, it is most likely a...

A	...shared ancestral character.
B	...ancestral character.
C	...shared derived character.
D	...genetically evolved character.
E	...genetically modified character.

Question 8

Which arrow shows the release of digestive enzymes by the liver?

Image Credit: Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections by Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey and Soctt

A	Arrow D
B	Arrow A
C	Arrow C
D	Arrow B

Question 9

Which of the following group best describe the first vertebrates on land?

A	Tetrapods
B	Animalia
C	Cordatas
D	Bipedal vertebrates

Question 10

Organisms wit which of the feeding mechanism has the most complex digestive system?

A	Bulk feeders
B	Suspension feeders
C	Substrate feeders
D	Fluid feeders

Question 11

Which of the following statements about animal digestive system is true?

A	Omnivores have longer digestive track then carnivores of similar body size because vegetation is more difficult to break digest.
B	Meat is more difficult to digest than vegetable matter because of its high protein content.
C	All vertebrates process hard solid foods in the Gizzard before the nutrients are absorbed by the intestine.
D	Cellulose-digesting microbes are equally abundant both in carnivores and herbivores.

Question 12

Some of the muscles and glands in the digestive track is controlled by...

A	...enteric division of the autonomic nervous system.
B	...sympathetic division of the motor nervous system.
C	...sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
D	...central nervous system.
E	...motor system of the peripheral nervous system.

Question 13

Peter and Rosemary Grants have studied evolutionary changes in Darwin's finches. Which of the the statements best describe the key conclusion of this study?

A	The response to environmental changes often result in dramatic shift in phenotypes.
B	Competition for food can drive evolutionary changes and adaptations.
C	Hybrids have better survival rate than the others in a population.
D	Darwin's finches are unique because they are the only population to have a large variation in beak sizes.

Question 14

Which of the following belongs to Peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

I. Cranial nerves
II. Spinal nerves
III. Brain
IV. Spinal cord

A	I, II and III
B	None of the listed items.
C	III and IV
D	I and II
E	All of the listed items.
F	II and IV

Question 15

According to current fossil record and our understanding, which came first; bipedalism, large brains or both around the same time?

A	Not enough evidence to support either way.
B	Bipedalism
C	Large brains
D	Both around the same time

Question 16

How many amino acids human body cannot produce its own?

A	Three
B	Fifteen
C	Eight
D	Ten
E	Five

Question 17

What is the primary weakness in majority of modern phylogenetic trees?

A	The lack of fossil record to trace the phylogenetic sequence to a common accessory.
B	The lack of DNA evidence to support most of the lineage events,
C	The lack of timing for each lineage event.
D	The rapid evolutionary events are poorly recorded and therefore often not included in phylogenetic trees.

Question 18

The following diagram is a phylogenetic tree of primates. What organisms are indicated by VI and VII respectively?

A	Gibbons and Orangutans
B	Orangutans and Gorillas
C	Gorillas and Chimpanzees
D	Orangutans and Gibbons
E	Tarsiers and Gibbons

Question 19

Which of the following is a common characteristic of hagfishes and lampreys?

A	They both lack endoskeleton.
B	They both lack jaws.
C	Hagfishes lack jaws and lampreys lack endoskeleton.
D	They both produce slime when threatened and it can be used for manufacturing textiles.

Question 20

During digestion, fats brake down to fatty acids and what other chemical compound?

A	Nucleotides
B	Glycerol
C	Hydrochloric acid
D	Monosaccharides
E	Amino acids

Question 21

What is the resting potential voltage for human nervous system?

A	-70 mV
B	+50 mV
C	100 mV
D	-30 mV
E	10 mV

Question 22

Which of the following statement is true about resting potential of human nervous system?

A	Resting neurons have a zero charge inside the cell.
B	Resting neurons have a slightly positive charge inside the cell.
C	Resting neurons have a slightly negative charge inside the cell.
D	Resting neurons for humans is about +/- 5 mV.

Question 23

What is the primary function of a placenta?

A	Gas exchange for breathing.
B	Controlling temperature, pressure and chemical compounds for the embryo.
C	Storing and processing nutrients.
D	Protection of embryo from any external forces; chemical and physical.
E	Diffusion of nutrients from mother's blood to embryo's blood.

Question 24

In a hot arid environment, evolution prefer organisms with what type of adaptation(s)?

A	Organisms that can store high volume of water within their bodies.
B	Organisms with ectothermic metabolism.
C	Organisms that have the ability to fly therefore allowing them to migrate to locations with more food/water.
D	Organisms with endohermic metabolism.
E	Organisms with lungs instead of a skin-bases gas exchanges.

Question 25

Which of the following hominins were the earliest to colonize beyond Africa?

A	Homo erectus
B	Homo sapiens
C	Homo neanderthalensis
D	Homo ergaster
E	Homo habilis

Question 26

The first tetrapods were most likely...

A	...fishes that dragged themselves from one pool of water to another.
B	...fishes with necks and four limbs.
C	...sting rays with gas exchange lungs.
D	...vertebrates with complex lungs.

Question 27

Why do chameleons change colour?

A	To communicate with each other.
B	To warn the predators.
C	To blend into the surrounding environment.
D	For altruism and mimicry where one individual or more benefited by changing appearance,

Question 28

What is the evolutionary connection between the lungs and swim bladders?

A	Both developed at the same time under same environmental conditions.
B	Swim bladders evolved from lungs.
C	They have no evolutionary connection because they are analogous features.
D	Lugs evolved from swim bladders.

Question 29

Which of the following is a true statement about hard bones and/or cartilages?

A	Skeletal structure of the body is made up of about 90% cartilages.
B	They are considered to be made up of nonliving materials, but bones are cartilages are generated by living cells.
C	Primary function of the cartilages is to support mechanical movements of organisms.
D	Exoskeleton doesn't grow at the same rate as the physical growth of an organism.

Question 30

During digestion, nucleic acids brake down what chemical compound/component?

A	Glycerol
B	Amino acids
C	Monosaccharides
D	Fatty acids
E	Nucleotides

Question 31

Which of the clades, ray-finned fishes belongs to?

A	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Tetrapods, Amniotes
B	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates
C	Chordates, Vertebrates
D	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Tetrapods
E	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Amniotes

Question 32

The Vitamin K plays an important role in what function of the human body?

A	Collagen synthesis
B	Visual pigments and epithelial tissues
C	Amino acid metabolism
D	Synthesis of fat
E	Blood clotting

Question 33

Which of these is not a member of the anthropoids?

A	Tarsiers
B	Humans
C	Gorillas
D	Gibbons
E	Monkeys

Question 34

Which of the following organism is not belong to the apes category?

A	Chimpanzees
B	Orangutans
C	Bonobos
D	Monkeys
E	Gibbons

Question 34 Explanation:

But note that both monkeys and apes are part of the anthropod group.

Question 35

In cladistics, what is the primary criterion for grouping of organisms?

A	Ability to interbreed and reproduce viable offspring.
B	Common ancestral based decedents.
C	Fossil record indicating similar characteristics.
D	Common homologous and analogous features.
E	Ability to interbreed among individuals.

Question 36

What is unique about PhyloCode classification?

A	It includes a common ancestor and all its decedents.
B	It includes only the evidence from fossils record.
C	It includes only the evidence from DNA and other genetic materials.
D	It includes the new classification categories such as sub-phylums and sub-domains.

Question 37

Were do we find most of the evidence for bipedalism?

A	Based on the size of the exoskeleton.
B	Based on the DNA structure of arthropods.
C	Based on the length ratio of limbs to arms.
D	Based on the placement of spinal cord opening on the skulls.
E	Based on the type of tools utilized by the arthropods.

Question 38

Which of the following vitamins is responsible for production of nucleic acids and read blood cells?

A	Vitamin A
B	Vitamin K
C	Vitamin B₁
D	Vitamin B₁₂
E	Vitamin B₆

Question 39

The fin extensions in front of the stingrays are used for...

A	...move on the seabed and for sediment filtering.
B	...funnel in water for suspension feeding.
C	...attack prey.
D	...swim against the currents.

Question 40

Scientists have used the molecular clock model to identify the origins of HIV-1M virus which causes AIDS. What is the major assumption in molecular clock model?

A	The HIV genome is composed of fast self replicating DNA that produce a new evolutionary trait at an exponential rate.
B	The rate at which the HIV genome evolve is consent at all times.
C	The HIV virus originated from primates and transferred to human.
D	The modern HIV virus is derived from an ancestor that have the exact same characteristics as the current HIV-1M virus.

Question 41

Which of the following statements are true about vitamins and minerals?

A	There are thirty essential vitamins requirements for humans according to Health Canada guidelines.
B	They are chemicals produced by the monosccharies and absorbed through amino acids.
C	They are compounds usually acquired from food sources. Vitamins are organic compounds while minerals are inorganic compounds.
D	They are organic substances which human do not produce its' own. Mostly acquired from food sources.
E	While it is possible to live a healthy life without minerals, all humans must requires vitamins.

Question 42

Which of the following food molecule is not a polymer?

A	Nucleic acids
B	Protein
C	Saccharides
D	Fat

Question 43

What is the primary function of chorion and allantois in amniotic egg?

A	Production and processing of nutrients for the embryo.
B	Structure for the shell in which the honeycomb allantois attached itself to chorion.
C	Protection of the embryo from the outside environment through temperature regulation.
D	Enables the embryo to obtain oxygen from air and dispose carbon dioxide.

Question 44

Which of the following anthropoids is well known to be the first one to use sophisticated stone tools?

A	Homo erectus
B	Homo sapiens
C	Homo ergaster
D	Homo habilis
E	Homo neanderthalensis

Question 45

Which part of this diagram of the human brain depicts the thalamus?

Image Credit: Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections by Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey and Soctt

A	Part D
B	Part A
C	Part B
D	Part C

Question 46

If two groups of organisms interbreed, but resulting organism can no longer produce viable offspring of his/her own, the system is said to be...

A	...experiencing a hybrid breakdown.
B	...in temporal isolation state.
C	...experiencing a reduced hybrid viability.
D	...in gametic isolation state.
E	...experiencing a reduced hybrid fertility.

Question 47

You open the Biology 205 exam booklet. You read the first question and realized that unlike Geology 449, you can actually answer the question using logic, reasoning and memory. After analyzing the question, you use your hand to record an answer. What are the steps which your nervous system takes to process above scenario?

A	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Central Nervous System directly. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
B	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of Central Nervous System directly. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Central Nervous System.
C	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Central Nervous System through Peripheral Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
D	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Peripheral Nervous System through Central Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Central Nervous System.
E	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Peripheral Nervous System through Central Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.

Question 48

Where do the majority of nutrients stored in the amniotic egg?

A	Amnion
B	Embryo
C	Yolk
D	Allantois
E	Chorion

Question 49

Humans are belong to __I__ Domain and __II__ Phylum.

A	I. Primates II. Homininae
B	I. Archaea II. Primates
C	I. Eukaryota II. Chordata
D	I. Eukaryota II. Primates
E	I. Chordata II. Primates

Question 50

What is the relationship between evolution of feathers and flight?

A	It is difficult to prove the connection between feathers and flight due to lack of scientific evidence.
B	The flight evolved first then feathers evolved to insulate high flying birds from old air masses.
C	There is no relationship between them because feathers are just skin protectors.
D	The feathers evolved first as an insulation mechanism and later the flight was evolved.
E	The flight and feathers evolved at the same time.

Question 51

How do we describe a situation where a species undergo little or no change for a long period of time but characterized by sudden changes?

A	The species most likely increased in diversity and their hybrid population.
B	This situation most likely caused by genetic drift.
C	Species experienced a punctuated equilibrium.
D	The population has experienced an allopatric speciation.

Question 52

What was the function of gill slits, which lead to the formation of jaws, at the very beginning of their evolution?

A	Crushing and grinding of food particles.
B	Trapping suspended food particles.
C	Pumping water for movement.
D	Breathing by exchanging oxygen atoms from the water.
E	Catching or killing the prey.

Question 53

Amphibians dominated the Carboniferous period. However, their adaptation to different environments is hindered by...

A	...limited food supply.
B	...vulnerability to dehydration.
C	...large number of predators.
D	...limited viable offspring.

Question 54

The following diagram is a phylogenetic tree of primates. What organisms are indicated by I, II, III, and IV respectively?

A	I. New World monkeys II. Old World monkeys III. Tarsiers IV. Chimpanzees
B	I. Tarsiers II. New World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Orangutans
C	I. Old World monkeys II. New World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Orangutans
D	I. Tarsiers II. New World monkeys III. Old World monkeys IV. Gibbons
E	I. New World monkeys II. Old World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Chimpanzees

Question 55

What is the main reason for the evolutionary development of amniotes?

A	As a counteraction to balance the pressure and temperature conditions of the zygote.
B	Protect the eggs from predators.
C	Adaptation to terrestrial environments.
D	Reduce the zygote breakdown.

Question 56

Which of the following undergoes the fastest evolution? (fastest change in terms of time)

A	RNA
B	DNA
C	rRNA
D	mtDNA

Question 57

Coordination and learning of new body movements is mostly controlled by what part of the brain?

A	Cerebellum.
B	Cerebrum.
C	Medulla oblongata in the Brain Stem.
D	Hypothalamus.
E	Pons midbrain in the Brain Stem.

Question 58

Based on the three main categories of how animals obtain and process food, which of the following does not fit with the others?

A	Human
B	Gorilla
C	Crows
D	Raccoons
E	Cockroaches

Question 58 Explanation:

Gorilla belongs to the herbivores while others belongs to the omnivores.

Question 59

What part of the world you expect to observe marsupials in their natural habitat (modern day)?

A	New Zealand
B	South Asia
C	Russia and Canada
D	China
E	Antarctic region.

Question 59 Explanation:

Also Australia, Central and South America.

Question 60

Which of the following in our Nervous System responsible for insulating axons?

A	axon hillock
B	cell body
C	myelin sheath and glia
D	glia
E	myelin sheath

Question 61

What mammal lineage do humans belong to?

A	Monotremes
B	Marsupials
C	Biotremes
D	Euterians

Question 61 Explanation:

Also known as placental mammals due to complex placentas.

Question 62

Which of the following statement is false?

A	All tissues in a healthy human body have the ability to regenerate.
B	Food molecules are chemical broken down by specialized enzymes.
C	Integration of sensory data occurs within the Central Nervous System.
D	Humans are generically closer to Chimpanzees than to Gorillas.
E	Cecum of a cow is much larger than that of a human.

Question 62 Explanation:

Nervous tissues do not regenerate like other tissues. In rare cases, the regeneration is extremely slow and often does not recover back to the original condition.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. K. Ruckstuhl during Fall 2014.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Biology 205 Midterm II-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm I | Midterm III | Final Exam

Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

Standing on the shoulders of giants

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Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

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Standing on the shoulders of giants