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Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

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Question 1

Where do the majority of nutrients stored in the amniotic egg?

A	Yolk
B	Chorion
C	Amnion
D	Embryo
E	Allantois

Question 2

Scientists have used the molecular clock model to identify the origins of HIV-1M virus which causes AIDS. What is the major assumption in molecular clock model?

A	The HIV virus originated from primates and transferred to human.
B	The rate at which the HIV genome evolve is consent at all times.
C	The HIV genome is composed of fast self replicating DNA that produce a new evolutionary trait at an exponential rate.
D	The modern HIV virus is derived from an ancestor that have the exact same characteristics as the current HIV-1M virus.

Question 3

Which of the following hominins were the earliest to colonize beyond Africa?

A	Homo ergaster
B	Homo neanderthalensis
C	Homo habilis
D	Homo sapiens
E	Homo erectus

Question 4

Which of the following statements are true about vitamins and minerals?

A	They are compounds usually acquired from food sources. Vitamins are organic compounds while minerals are inorganic compounds.
B	While it is possible to live a healthy life without minerals, all humans must requires vitamins.
C	They are chemicals produced by the monosccharies and absorbed through amino acids.
D	They are organic substances which human do not produce its' own. Mostly acquired from food sources.
E	There are thirty essential vitamins requirements for humans according to Health Canada guidelines.

Question 5

Amphibians dominated the Carboniferous period. However, their adaptation to different environments is hindered by...

A	...vulnerability to dehydration.
B	...limited viable offspring.
C	...large number of predators.
D	...limited food supply.

Question 6

What is the evolutionary connection between the lungs and swim bladders?

A	Lugs evolved from swim bladders.
B	Swim bladders evolved from lungs.
C	They have no evolutionary connection because they are analogous features.
D	Both developed at the same time under same environmental conditions.

Question 7

Mammals belongs to the amniotes. However, mammals are different from reptiles (also amniotes) because...

A	...mammals do not produce eggs.
B	...mammals have hair and mammary glands.
C	...mammals are also tetrapods.
D	...mammals are part of the primate group.
E	...mammals have thick notochords.

Question 8

Peter and Rosemary Grants have studied evolutionary changes in Darwin's finches. Which of the the statements best describe the key conclusion of this study?

A	Hybrids have better survival rate than the others in a population.
B	Competition for food can drive evolutionary changes and adaptations.
C	The response to environmental changes often result in dramatic shift in phenotypes.
D	Darwin's finches are unique because they are the only population to have a large variation in beak sizes.

Question 9

The first tetrapods were most likely...

A	...vertebrates with complex lungs.
B	...fishes with necks and four limbs.
C	...sting rays with gas exchange lungs.
D	...fishes that dragged themselves from one pool of water to another.

Question 10

In cladistics, what do you call the organisms that is known to have diverged before the linage of interest?

A	outgroup
B	ingroup
C	derived organisms
D	drifted organisms

Question 11

Human brain estimated to have how many neutrons?

A	100 million
B	100 billion
C	500 billion
D	800 billion
E	800 million

Question 12

Were do we find most of the evidence for bipedalism?

A	Based on the type of tools utilized by the arthropods.
B	Based on the length ratio of limbs to arms.
C	Based on the size of the exoskeleton.
D	Based on the placement of spinal cord opening on the skulls.
E	Based on the DNA structure of arthropods.

Question 13

Which arrow shows the release of digestive enzymes by the liver?

Image Credit: Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections by Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey and Soctt

A	Arrow C
B	Arrow B
C	Arrow D
D	Arrow A

Question 14

Coordination and learning of new body movements is mostly controlled by what part of the brain?

A	Hypothalamus.
B	Pons midbrain in the Brain Stem.
C	Cerebellum.
D	Medulla oblongata in the Brain Stem.
E	Cerebrum.

Question 15

Which of the following organism is not belong to the apes category?

A	Bonobos
B	Orangutans
C	Chimpanzees
D	Monkeys
E	Gibbons

Question 15 Explanation:

But note that both monkeys and apes are part of the anthropod group.

Question 16

Which of the following is a true statement about hard bones and/or cartilages?

A	Exoskeleton doesn't grow at the same rate as the physical growth of an organism.
B	Skeletal structure of the body is made up of about 90% cartilages.
C	They are considered to be made up of nonliving materials, but bones are cartilages are generated by living cells.
D	Primary function of the cartilages is to support mechanical movements of organisms.

Question 17

What was the function of gill slits, which lead to the formation of jaws, at the very beginning of their evolution?

A	Pumping water for movement.
B	Crushing and grinding of food particles.
C	Catching or killing the prey.
D	Trapping suspended food particles.
E	Breathing by exchanging oxygen atoms from the water.

Question 18

Organisms wit which of the feeding mechanism has the most complex digestive system?

A	Bulk feeders
B	Suspension feeders
C	Fluid feeders
D	Substrate feeders

Question 19

Which of the following undergoes the fastest evolution? (fastest change in terms of time)

A	mtDNA
B	RNA
C	rRNA
D	DNA

Question 20

What is the main reason for the evolutionary development of amniotes?

A	Reduce the zygote breakdown.
B	Protect the eggs from predators.
C	As a counteraction to balance the pressure and temperature conditions of the zygote.
D	Adaptation to terrestrial environments.

Question 21

How many amino acids human body cannot produce its own?

A	Eight
B	Five
C	Three
D	Fifteen
E	Ten

Question 22

The fin extensions in front of the stingrays are used for...

A	...swim against the currents.
B	...move on the seabed and for sediment filtering.
C	...funnel in water for suspension feeding.
D	...attack prey.

Question 23

Which part of this diagram of the human brain depicts the thalamus?

Image Credit: Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections by Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey and Soctt

A	Part A
B	Part B
C	Part C
D	Part D

Question 24

What is the best description for Humpback whales?

A	They are suspension feeders.
B	They are omnivores that feeds on both seaweeds and fishes.
C	They are herbivores and the primary diet is eat seaweed.
D	They are substrate feeders.
E	They are fluid feeders.

Question 25

Which of the following food molecule is not a polymer?

A	Protein
B	Nucleic acids
C	Saccharides
D	Fat

Question 26

Which of the following anthropoids is well known to be the first one to use sophisticated stone tools?

A	Homo ergaster
B	Homo neanderthalensis
C	Homo sapiens
D	Homo habilis
E	Homo erectus

Question 27

Biologists found over 1000 different snake species on one island. This is an example of what mechanism?

A	Temporal isolation
B	Polyploidy
C	Adaptive radiation
D	Sympathetic speciation
E	Zygotic barriers

Question 28

Based on the three main categories of how animals obtain and process food, which of the following does not fit with the others?

A	Cockroaches
B	Gorilla
C	Raccoons
D	Human
E	Crows

Question 28 Explanation:

Gorilla belongs to the herbivores while others belongs to the omnivores.

Question 29

Which of these is not a member of the anthropoids?

A	Tarsiers
B	Gorillas
C	Gibbons
D	Monkeys
E	Humans

Question 30

The following diagram is a phylogenetic tree of primates. What organisms are indicated by VI and VII respectively?

A	Tarsiers and Gibbons
B	Gibbons and Orangutans
C	Orangutans and Gibbons
D	Gorillas and Chimpanzees
E	Orangutans and Gorillas

Question 31

What is the relationship between evolution of feathers and flight?

A	There is no relationship between them because feathers are just skin protectors.
B	The feathers evolved first as an insulation mechanism and later the flight was evolved.
C	The flight evolved first then feathers evolved to insulate high flying birds from old air masses.
D	The flight and feathers evolved at the same time.
E	It is difficult to prove the connection between feathers and flight due to lack of scientific evidence.

Question 32

The following diagram is a phylogenetic tree of primates. What organisms are indicated by I, II, III, and IV respectively?

A	I. Tarsiers II. New World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Orangutans
B	I. New World monkeys II. Old World monkeys III. Tarsiers IV. Chimpanzees
C	I. Old World monkeys II. New World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Orangutans
D	I. Tarsiers II. New World monkeys III. Old World monkeys IV. Gibbons
E	I. New World monkeys II. Old World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Chimpanzees

Question 33

Some of the muscles and glands in the digestive track is controlled by...

A	...motor system of the peripheral nervous system.
B	...sympathetic division of the motor nervous system.
C	...enteric division of the autonomic nervous system.
D	...central nervous system.
E	...sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 34

What is the primary weakness in majority of modern phylogenetic trees?

A	The rapid evolutionary events are poorly recorded and therefore often not included in phylogenetic trees.
B	The lack of DNA evidence to support most of the lineage events,
C	The lack of timing for each lineage event.
D	The lack of fossil record to trace the phylogenetic sequence to a common accessory.

Question 35

You open the Biology 205 exam booklet. You read the first question and realized that unlike Geology 449, you can actually answer the question using logic, reasoning and memory. After analyzing the question, you use your hand to record an answer. What are the steps which your nervous system takes to process above scenario?

A	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Central Nervous System through Peripheral Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
B	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Peripheral Nervous System through Central Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Central Nervous System.
C	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Peripheral Nervous System through Central Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
D	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of Central Nervous System directly. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Central Nervous System.
E	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Central Nervous System directly. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.

Question 36

During digestion, fats brake down to fatty acids and what other chemical compound?

A	Glycerol
B	Nucleotides
C	Hydrochloric acid
D	Amino acids
E	Monosaccharides

Question 37

How do we describe a situation where a species undergo little or no change for a long period of time but characterized by sudden changes?

A	This situation most likely caused by genetic drift.
B	The population has experienced an allopatric speciation.
C	Species experienced a punctuated equilibrium.
D	The species most likely increased in diversity and their hybrid population.

Question 38

What is the primary function of chorion and allantois in amniotic egg?

A	Structure for the shell in which the honeycomb allantois attached itself to chorion.
B	Protection of the embryo from the outside environment through temperature regulation.
C	Production and processing of nutrients for the embryo.
D	Enables the embryo to obtain oxygen from air and dispose carbon dioxide.

Question 39

According to current fossil record and our understanding, which came first; bipedalism, large brains or both around the same time?

A	Large brains
B	Bipedalism
C	Both around the same time
D	Not enough evidence to support either way.

Question 40

If a particular characteristic of a clade is not found in their ancestor, it is most likely a...

A	...ancestral character.
B	...genetically modified character.
C	...shared ancestral character.
D	...genetically evolved character.
E	...shared derived character.

Question 41

Which of the following statements about animal digestive system is true?

A	Omnivores have longer digestive track then carnivores of similar body size because vegetation is more difficult to break digest.
B	All vertebrates process hard solid foods in the Gizzard before the nutrients are absorbed by the intestine.
C	Cellulose-digesting microbes are equally abundant both in carnivores and herbivores.
D	Meat is more difficult to digest than vegetable matter because of its high protein content.

Question 42

Humans are belong to __I__ Domain and __II__ Phylum.

A	I. Archaea II. Primates
B	I. Eukaryota II. Chordata
C	I. Primates II. Homininae
D	I. Chordata II. Primates
E	I. Eukaryota II. Primates

Question 43

What is unique about PhyloCode classification?

A	It includes only the evidence from DNA and other genetic materials.
B	It includes the new classification categories such as sub-phylums and sub-domains.
C	It includes a common ancestor and all its decedents.
D	It includes only the evidence from fossils record.

Question 44

In cladistics, what is the primary criterion for grouping of organisms?

A	Common homologous and analogous features.
B	Ability to interbreed and reproduce viable offspring.
C	Common ancestral based decedents.
D	Fossil record indicating similar characteristics.
E	Ability to interbreed among individuals.

Question 45

What mammal lineage do humans belong to?

A	Monotremes
B	Biotremes
C	Euterians
D	Marsupials

Question 45 Explanation:

Also known as placental mammals due to complex placentas.

Question 46

What is the first modern phylum to evolve a nervous system?

A	Molluscs
B	Annelids
C	Arthropods
D	Cnidarians
E	Planarians

Question 47

Which of the clades, ray-finned fishes belongs to?

A	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Tetrapods, Amniotes
B	Chordates, Vertebrates
C	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates
D	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Amniotes
E	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Tetrapods

Question 48

Which of the following statement is true about resting potential of human nervous system?

A	Resting neurons have a zero charge inside the cell.
B	Resting neurons have a slightly positive charge inside the cell.
C	Resting neurons have a slightly negative charge inside the cell.
D	Resting neurons for humans is about +/- 5 mV.

Question 49

What is the resting potential voltage for human nervous system?

A	-30 mV
B	-70 mV
C	+50 mV
D	100 mV
E	10 mV

Question 50

Which of the following vitamins is responsible for production of nucleic acids and read blood cells?

A	Vitamin K
B	Vitamin B₆
C	Vitamin A
D	Vitamin B₁₂
E	Vitamin B₁

Question 51

Which of the following group best describe the first vertebrates on land?

A	Tetrapods
B	Bipedal vertebrates
C	Animalia
D	Cordatas

Question 52

Which of the following belongs to Peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

I. Cranial nerves
II. Spinal nerves
III. Brain
IV. Spinal cord

A	II and IV
B	I, II and III
C	III and IV
D	None of the listed items.
E	I and II
F	All of the listed items.

Question 53

Which of the following in our Nervous System responsible for insulating axons?

A	axon hillock
B	myelin sheath
C	glia
D	myelin sheath and glia
E	cell body

Question 54

Which of the following statement is false?

A	Cecum of a cow is much larger than that of a human.
B	Humans are generically closer to Chimpanzees than to Gorillas.
C	Integration of sensory data occurs within the Central Nervous System.
D	All tissues in a healthy human body have the ability to regenerate.
E	Food molecules are chemical broken down by specialized enzymes.

Question 54 Explanation:

Nervous tissues do not regenerate like other tissues. In rare cases, the regeneration is extremely slow and often does not recover back to the original condition.

Question 55

If two groups of organisms interbreed, but resulting organism can no longer produce viable offspring of his/her own, the system is said to be...

A	...experiencing a reduced hybrid fertility.
B	...in gametic isolation state.
C	...experiencing a hybrid breakdown.
D	...experiencing a reduced hybrid viability.
E	...in temporal isolation state.

Question 56

Which of the following is a common characteristic of hagfishes and lampreys?

A	They both lack endoskeleton.
B	They both produce slime when threatened and it can be used for manufacturing textiles.
C	Hagfishes lack jaws and lampreys lack endoskeleton.
D	They both lack jaws.

Question 57

Why do chameleons change colour?

A	For altruism and mimicry where one individual or more benefited by changing appearance,
B	To communicate with each other.
C	To blend into the surrounding environment.
D	To warn the predators.

Question 58

The Vitamin K plays an important role in what function of the human body?

A	Visual pigments and epithelial tissues
B	Synthesis of fat
C	Blood clotting
D	Collagen synthesis
E	Amino acid metabolism

Question 59

During digestion, nucleic acids brake down what chemical compound/component?

A	Glycerol
B	Monosaccharides
C	Amino acids
D	Fatty acids
E	Nucleotides

Question 60

What is the primary function of a placenta?

A	Protection of embryo from any external forces; chemical and physical.
B	Gas exchange for breathing.
C	Controlling temperature, pressure and chemical compounds for the embryo.
D	Storing and processing nutrients.
E	Diffusion of nutrients from mother's blood to embryo's blood.

Question 61

What part of the world you expect to observe marsupials in their natural habitat (modern day)?

A	Antarctic region.
B	China
C	Russia and Canada
D	South Asia
E	New Zealand

Question 61 Explanation:

Also Australia, Central and South America.

Question 62

In a hot arid environment, evolution prefer organisms with what type of adaptation(s)?

A	Organisms with ectothermic metabolism.
B	Organisms that can store high volume of water within their bodies.
C	Organisms with lungs instead of a skin-bases gas exchanges.
D	Organisms with endohermic metabolism.
E	Organisms that have the ability to fly therefore allowing them to migrate to locations with more food/water.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. K. Ruckstuhl during Fall 2014.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Biology 205 Midterm II-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm I | Midterm III | Final Exam

Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

Standing on the shoulders of giants

Go to: Midterm I | Midterm III | Final Exam

Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

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Standing on the shoulders of giants