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Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

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Question 1

In cladistics, what is the primary criterion for grouping of organisms?

A	Common ancestral based decedents.
B	Ability to interbreed among individuals.
C	Fossil record indicating similar characteristics.
D	Common homologous and analogous features.
E	Ability to interbreed and reproduce viable offspring.

Question 2

Which of the following belongs to Peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

I. Cranial nerves
II. Spinal nerves
III. Brain
IV. Spinal cord

A	III and IV
B	All of the listed items.
C	None of the listed items.
D	I and II
E	II and IV
F	I, II and III

Question 3

Based on the three main categories of how animals obtain and process food, which of the following does not fit with the others?

A	Human
B	Cockroaches
C	Gorilla
D	Raccoons
E	Crows

Question 3 Explanation:

Gorilla belongs to the herbivores while others belongs to the omnivores.

Question 4

Which of the following statement is false?

A	All tissues in a healthy human body have the ability to regenerate.
B	Integration of sensory data occurs within the Central Nervous System.
C	Food molecules are chemical broken down by specialized enzymes.
D	Humans are generically closer to Chimpanzees than to Gorillas.
E	Cecum of a cow is much larger than that of a human.

Question 4 Explanation:

Nervous tissues do not regenerate like other tissues. In rare cases, the regeneration is extremely slow and often does not recover back to the original condition.

Question 5

During digestion, nucleic acids brake down what chemical compound/component?

A	Nucleotides
B	Glycerol
C	Fatty acids
D	Amino acids
E	Monosaccharides

Question 6

During digestion, fats brake down to fatty acids and what other chemical compound?

A	Hydrochloric acid
B	Monosaccharides
C	Glycerol
D	Amino acids
E	Nucleotides

Question 7

Which of the following statements about animal digestive system is true?

A	All vertebrates process hard solid foods in the Gizzard before the nutrients are absorbed by the intestine.
B	Meat is more difficult to digest than vegetable matter because of its high protein content.
C	Omnivores have longer digestive track then carnivores of similar body size because vegetation is more difficult to break digest.
D	Cellulose-digesting microbes are equally abundant both in carnivores and herbivores.

Question 8

Coordination and learning of new body movements is mostly controlled by what part of the brain?

A	Cerebellum.
B	Hypothalamus.
C	Cerebrum.
D	Pons midbrain in the Brain Stem.
E	Medulla oblongata in the Brain Stem.

Question 9

Scientists have used the molecular clock model to identify the origins of HIV-1M virus which causes AIDS. What is the major assumption in molecular clock model?

A	The modern HIV virus is derived from an ancestor that have the exact same characteristics as the current HIV-1M virus.
B	The HIV virus originated from primates and transferred to human.
C	The rate at which the HIV genome evolve is consent at all times.
D	The HIV genome is composed of fast self replicating DNA that produce a new evolutionary trait at an exponential rate.

Question 10

Which of the following organism is not belong to the apes category?

A	Monkeys
B	Chimpanzees
C	Bonobos
D	Orangutans
E	Gibbons

Question 10 Explanation:

But note that both monkeys and apes are part of the anthropod group.

Question 11

In a hot arid environment, evolution prefer organisms with what type of adaptation(s)?

A	Organisms that have the ability to fly therefore allowing them to migrate to locations with more food/water.
B	Organisms with lungs instead of a skin-bases gas exchanges.
C	Organisms with ectothermic metabolism.
D	Organisms with endohermic metabolism.
E	Organisms that can store high volume of water within their bodies.

Question 12

What is the resting potential voltage for human nervous system?

A	10 mV
B	-70 mV
C	100 mV
D	-30 mV
E	+50 mV

Question 13

Which of the following statement is true about resting potential of human nervous system?

A	Resting neurons have a slightly negative charge inside the cell.
B	Resting neurons for humans is about +/- 5 mV.
C	Resting neurons have a slightly positive charge inside the cell.
D	Resting neurons have a zero charge inside the cell.

Question 14

What was the function of gill slits, which lead to the formation of jaws, at the very beginning of their evolution?

A	Crushing and grinding of food particles.
B	Pumping water for movement.
C	Breathing by exchanging oxygen atoms from the water.
D	Catching or killing the prey.
E	Trapping suspended food particles.

Question 15

Which of the following vitamins is responsible for production of nucleic acids and read blood cells?

A	Vitamin A
B	Vitamin B₆
C	Vitamin B₁
D	Vitamin B₁₂
E	Vitamin K

Question 16

In cladistics, what do you call the organisms that is known to have diverged before the linage of interest?

A	derived organisms
B	outgroup
C	ingroup
D	drifted organisms

Question 17

Which of the following hominins were the earliest to colonize beyond Africa?

A	Homo erectus
B	Homo ergaster
C	Homo neanderthalensis
D	Homo sapiens
E	Homo habilis

Question 18

How many amino acids human body cannot produce its own?

A	Fifteen
B	Ten
C	Five
D	Eight
E	Three

Question 19

Which part of this diagram of the human brain depicts the thalamus?

Image Credit: Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections by Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey and Soctt

A	Part A
B	Part C
C	Part B
D	Part D

Question 20

Mammals belongs to the amniotes. However, mammals are different from reptiles (also amniotes) because...

A	...mammals have hair and mammary glands.
B	...mammals are also tetrapods.
C	...mammals have thick notochords.
D	...mammals are part of the primate group.
E	...mammals do not produce eggs.

Question 21

What is the primary function of a placenta?

A	Protection of embryo from any external forces; chemical and physical.
B	Storing and processing nutrients.
C	Diffusion of nutrients from mother's blood to embryo's blood.
D	Gas exchange for breathing.
E	Controlling temperature, pressure and chemical compounds for the embryo.

Question 22

Which of the following group best describe the first vertebrates on land?

A	Tetrapods
B	Bipedal vertebrates
C	Animalia
D	Cordatas

Question 23

Which arrow shows the release of digestive enzymes by the liver?

Image Credit: Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections by Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey and Soctt

A	Arrow A
B	Arrow D
C	Arrow B
D	Arrow C

Question 24

What is the first modern phylum to evolve a nervous system?

A	Annelids
B	Molluscs
C	Planarians
D	Arthropods
E	Cnidarians

Question 25

Organisms wit which of the feeding mechanism has the most complex digestive system?

A	Substrate feeders
B	Fluid feeders
C	Suspension feeders
D	Bulk feeders

Question 26

Which of the following is a common characteristic of hagfishes and lampreys?

A	They both lack endoskeleton.
B	Hagfishes lack jaws and lampreys lack endoskeleton.
C	They both lack jaws.
D	They both produce slime when threatened and it can be used for manufacturing textiles.

Question 27

Which of the following statements are true about vitamins and minerals?

A	They are organic substances which human do not produce its' own. Mostly acquired from food sources.
B	While it is possible to live a healthy life without minerals, all humans must requires vitamins.
C	They are compounds usually acquired from food sources. Vitamins are organic compounds while minerals are inorganic compounds.
D	There are thirty essential vitamins requirements for humans according to Health Canada guidelines.
E	They are chemicals produced by the monosccharies and absorbed through amino acids.

Question 28

What is the main reason for the evolutionary development of amniotes?

A	As a counteraction to balance the pressure and temperature conditions of the zygote.
B	Reduce the zygote breakdown.
C	Adaptation to terrestrial environments.
D	Protect the eggs from predators.

Question 29

What is unique about PhyloCode classification?

A	It includes only the evidence from DNA and other genetic materials.
B	It includes a common ancestor and all its decedents.
C	It includes the new classification categories such as sub-phylums and sub-domains.
D	It includes only the evidence from fossils record.

Question 30

Which of the following is a true statement about hard bones and/or cartilages?

A	They are considered to be made up of nonliving materials, but bones are cartilages are generated by living cells.
B	Exoskeleton doesn't grow at the same rate as the physical growth of an organism.
C	Primary function of the cartilages is to support mechanical movements of organisms.
D	Skeletal structure of the body is made up of about 90% cartilages.

Question 31

The following diagram is a phylogenetic tree of primates. What organisms are indicated by VI and VII respectively?

A	Gorillas and Chimpanzees
B	Orangutans and Gorillas
C	Orangutans and Gibbons
D	Gibbons and Orangutans
E	Tarsiers and Gibbons

Question 32

Biologists found over 1000 different snake species on one island. This is an example of what mechanism?

A	Polyploidy
B	Zygotic barriers
C	Adaptive radiation
D	Sympathetic speciation
E	Temporal isolation

Question 33

Peter and Rosemary Grants have studied evolutionary changes in Darwin's finches. Which of the the statements best describe the key conclusion of this study?

A	Hybrids have better survival rate than the others in a population.
B	The response to environmental changes often result in dramatic shift in phenotypes.
C	Darwin's finches are unique because they are the only population to have a large variation in beak sizes.
D	Competition for food can drive evolutionary changes and adaptations.

Question 34

Which of the following food molecule is not a polymer?

A	Protein
B	Fat
C	Nucleic acids
D	Saccharides

Question 35

The Vitamin K plays an important role in what function of the human body?

A	Synthesis of fat
B	Blood clotting
C	Amino acid metabolism
D	Collagen synthesis
E	Visual pigments and epithelial tissues

Question 36

What is the best description for Humpback whales?

A	They are suspension feeders.
B	They are omnivores that feeds on both seaweeds and fishes.
C	They are fluid feeders.
D	They are herbivores and the primary diet is eat seaweed.
E	They are substrate feeders.

Question 37

Where do the majority of nutrients stored in the amniotic egg?

A	Amnion
B	Allantois
C	Embryo
D	Yolk
E	Chorion

Question 38

Humans are belong to __I__ Domain and __II__ Phylum.

A	I. Chordata II. Primates
B	I. Archaea II. Primates
C	I. Eukaryota II. Chordata
D	I. Eukaryota II. Primates
E	I. Primates II. Homininae

Question 39

Amphibians dominated the Carboniferous period. However, their adaptation to different environments is hindered by...

A	...limited viable offspring.
B	...limited food supply.
C	...vulnerability to dehydration.
D	...large number of predators.

Question 40

What is the relationship between evolution of feathers and flight?

A	It is difficult to prove the connection between feathers and flight due to lack of scientific evidence.
B	The feathers evolved first as an insulation mechanism and later the flight was evolved.
C	The flight evolved first then feathers evolved to insulate high flying birds from old air masses.
D	There is no relationship between them because feathers are just skin protectors.
E	The flight and feathers evolved at the same time.

Question 41

What is the primary function of chorion and allantois in amniotic egg?

A	Structure for the shell in which the honeycomb allantois attached itself to chorion.
B	Enables the embryo to obtain oxygen from air and dispose carbon dioxide.
C	Production and processing of nutrients for the embryo.
D	Protection of the embryo from the outside environment through temperature regulation.

Question 42

What mammal lineage do humans belong to?

A	Monotremes
B	Euterians
C	Biotremes
D	Marsupials

Question 42 Explanation:

Also known as placental mammals due to complex placentas.

Question 43

Which of the following undergoes the fastest evolution? (fastest change in terms of time)

A	mtDNA
B	rRNA
C	RNA
D	DNA

Question 44

The fin extensions in front of the stingrays are used for...

A	...move on the seabed and for sediment filtering.
B	...attack prey.
C	...funnel in water for suspension feeding.
D	...swim against the currents.

Question 45

What is the primary weakness in majority of modern phylogenetic trees?

A	The lack of timing for each lineage event.
B	The rapid evolutionary events are poorly recorded and therefore often not included in phylogenetic trees.
C	The lack of DNA evidence to support most of the lineage events,
D	The lack of fossil record to trace the phylogenetic sequence to a common accessory.

Question 46

How do we describe a situation where a species undergo little or no change for a long period of time but characterized by sudden changes?

A	The species most likely increased in diversity and their hybrid population.
B	This situation most likely caused by genetic drift.
C	The population has experienced an allopatric speciation.
D	Species experienced a punctuated equilibrium.

Question 47

If two groups of organisms interbreed, but resulting organism can no longer produce viable offspring of his/her own, the system is said to be...

A	...in temporal isolation state.
B	...experiencing a reduced hybrid fertility.
C	...experiencing a hybrid breakdown.
D	...in gametic isolation state.
E	...experiencing a reduced hybrid viability.

Question 48

What part of the world you expect to observe marsupials in their natural habitat (modern day)?

A	Antarctic region.
B	New Zealand
C	South Asia
D	China
E	Russia and Canada

Question 48 Explanation:

Also Australia, Central and South America.

Question 49

Some of the muscles and glands in the digestive track is controlled by...

A	...enteric division of the autonomic nervous system.
B	...sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
C	...motor system of the peripheral nervous system.
D	...central nervous system.
E	...sympathetic division of the motor nervous system.

Question 50

Which of the clades, ray-finned fishes belongs to?

A	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Amniotes
B	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates
C	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Tetrapods
D	Chordates, Vertebrates
E	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Tetrapods, Amniotes

Question 51

The following diagram is a phylogenetic tree of primates. What organisms are indicated by I, II, III, and IV respectively?

A	I. Old World monkeys II. New World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Orangutans
B	I. Tarsiers II. New World monkeys III. Old World monkeys IV. Gibbons
C	I. Tarsiers II. New World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Orangutans
D	I. New World monkeys II. Old World monkeys III. Tarsiers IV. Chimpanzees
E	I. New World monkeys II. Old World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Chimpanzees

Question 52

Why do chameleons change colour?

A	To warn the predators.
B	For altruism and mimicry where one individual or more benefited by changing appearance,
C	To communicate with each other.
D	To blend into the surrounding environment.

Question 53

What is the evolutionary connection between the lungs and swim bladders?

A	They have no evolutionary connection because they are analogous features.
B	Swim bladders evolved from lungs.
C	Lugs evolved from swim bladders.
D	Both developed at the same time under same environmental conditions.

Question 54

Human brain estimated to have how many neutrons?

A	500 billion
B	800 billion
C	100 billion
D	800 million
E	100 million

Question 55

If a particular characteristic of a clade is not found in their ancestor, it is most likely a...

A	...genetically evolved character.
B	...shared ancestral character.
C	...shared derived character.
D	...genetically modified character.
E	...ancestral character.

Question 56

Were do we find most of the evidence for bipedalism?

A	Based on the length ratio of limbs to arms.
B	Based on the size of the exoskeleton.
C	Based on the type of tools utilized by the arthropods.
D	Based on the DNA structure of arthropods.
E	Based on the placement of spinal cord opening on the skulls.

Question 57

You open the Biology 205 exam booklet. You read the first question and realized that unlike Geology 449, you can actually answer the question using logic, reasoning and memory. After analyzing the question, you use your hand to record an answer. What are the steps which your nervous system takes to process above scenario?

A	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Peripheral Nervous System through Central Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Central Nervous System.
B	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Central Nervous System through Peripheral Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
C	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of Central Nervous System directly. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Central Nervous System.
D	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Central Nervous System directly. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
E	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Peripheral Nervous System through Central Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.

Question 58

The first tetrapods were most likely...

A	...fishes that dragged themselves from one pool of water to another.
B	...sting rays with gas exchange lungs.
C	...fishes with necks and four limbs.
D	...vertebrates with complex lungs.

Question 59

According to current fossil record and our understanding, which came first; bipedalism, large brains or both around the same time?

A	Large brains
B	Bipedalism
C	Not enough evidence to support either way.
D	Both around the same time

Question 60

Which of the following anthropoids is well known to be the first one to use sophisticated stone tools?

A	Homo ergaster
B	Homo habilis
C	Homo neanderthalensis
D	Homo erectus
E	Homo sapiens

Question 61

Which of the following in our Nervous System responsible for insulating axons?

A	cell body
B	glia
C	myelin sheath and glia
D	myelin sheath
E	axon hillock

Question 62

Which of these is not a member of the anthropoids?

A	Monkeys
B	Gorillas
C	Gibbons
D	Tarsiers
E	Humans

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. K. Ruckstuhl during Fall 2014.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Biology 205 Midterm II-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm I | Midterm III | Final Exam

Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

Standing on the shoulders of giants

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Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

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Standing on the shoulders of giants