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Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

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Question 1

Biologists found over 1000 different snake species on one island. This is an example of what mechanism?

A	Temporal isolation
B	Polyploidy
C	Zygotic barriers
D	Sympathetic speciation
E	Adaptive radiation

Question 2

Humans are belong to __I__ Domain and __II__ Phylum.

A	I. Eukaryota II. Chordata
B	I. Eukaryota II. Primates
C	I. Chordata II. Primates
D	I. Archaea II. Primates
E	I. Primates II. Homininae

Question 3

Which of the following organism is not belong to the apes category?

A	Bonobos
B	Gibbons
C	Orangutans
D	Chimpanzees
E	Monkeys

Question 3 Explanation:

But note that both monkeys and apes are part of the anthropod group.

Question 4

What is the evolutionary connection between the lungs and swim bladders?

A	Both developed at the same time under same environmental conditions.
B	They have no evolutionary connection because they are analogous features.
C	Swim bladders evolved from lungs.
D	Lugs evolved from swim bladders.

Question 5

Scientists have used the molecular clock model to identify the origins of HIV-1M virus which causes AIDS. What is the major assumption in molecular clock model?

A	The HIV genome is composed of fast self replicating DNA that produce a new evolutionary trait at an exponential rate.
B	The rate at which the HIV genome evolve is consent at all times.
C	The modern HIV virus is derived from an ancestor that have the exact same characteristics as the current HIV-1M virus.
D	The HIV virus originated from primates and transferred to human.

Question 6

In cladistics, what is the primary criterion for grouping of organisms?

A	Ability to interbreed and reproduce viable offspring.
B	Fossil record indicating similar characteristics.
C	Ability to interbreed among individuals.
D	Common ancestral based decedents.
E	Common homologous and analogous features.

Question 7

According to current fossil record and our understanding, which came first; bipedalism, large brains or both around the same time?

A	Both around the same time
B	Bipedalism
C	Not enough evidence to support either way.
D	Large brains

Question 8

During digestion, fats brake down to fatty acids and what other chemical compound?

A	Hydrochloric acid
B	Glycerol
C	Amino acids
D	Monosaccharides
E	Nucleotides

Question 9

What is the resting potential voltage for human nervous system?

A	10 mV
B	100 mV
C	-70 mV
D	+50 mV
E	-30 mV

Question 10

Which of the following food molecule is not a polymer?

A	Fat
B	Protein
C	Nucleic acids
D	Saccharides

Question 11

Which of the following in our Nervous System responsible for insulating axons?

A	myelin sheath and glia
B	myelin sheath
C	axon hillock
D	glia
E	cell body

Question 12

What mammal lineage do humans belong to?

A	Euterians
B	Marsupials
C	Monotremes
D	Biotremes

Question 12 Explanation:

Also known as placental mammals due to complex placentas.

Question 13

Amphibians dominated the Carboniferous period. However, their adaptation to different environments is hindered by...

A	...vulnerability to dehydration.
B	...limited viable offspring.
C	...large number of predators.
D	...limited food supply.

Question 14

What is the primary weakness in majority of modern phylogenetic trees?

A	The lack of DNA evidence to support most of the lineage events,
B	The lack of timing for each lineage event.
C	The lack of fossil record to trace the phylogenetic sequence to a common accessory.
D	The rapid evolutionary events are poorly recorded and therefore often not included in phylogenetic trees.

Question 15

Which of the following statement is false?

A	All tissues in a healthy human body have the ability to regenerate.
B	Humans are generically closer to Chimpanzees than to Gorillas.
C	Cecum of a cow is much larger than that of a human.
D	Food molecules are chemical broken down by specialized enzymes.
E	Integration of sensory data occurs within the Central Nervous System.

Question 15 Explanation:

Nervous tissues do not regenerate like other tissues. In rare cases, the regeneration is extremely slow and often does not recover back to the original condition.

Question 16

Peter and Rosemary Grants have studied evolutionary changes in Darwin's finches. Which of the the statements best describe the key conclusion of this study?

A	Darwin's finches are unique because they are the only population to have a large variation in beak sizes.
B	Competition for food can drive evolutionary changes and adaptations.
C	The response to environmental changes often result in dramatic shift in phenotypes.
D	Hybrids have better survival rate than the others in a population.

Question 17

Which part of this diagram of the human brain depicts the thalamus?

Image Credit: Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections by Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey and Soctt

A	Part D
B	Part C
C	Part A
D	Part B

Question 18

Which of the following statement is true about resting potential of human nervous system?

A	Resting neurons have a slightly positive charge inside the cell.
B	Resting neurons for humans is about +/- 5 mV.
C	Resting neurons have a zero charge inside the cell.
D	Resting neurons have a slightly negative charge inside the cell.

Question 19

Which of the following is a true statement about hard bones and/or cartilages?

A	Primary function of the cartilages is to support mechanical movements of organisms.
B	Skeletal structure of the body is made up of about 90% cartilages.
C	They are considered to be made up of nonliving materials, but bones are cartilages are generated by living cells.
D	Exoskeleton doesn't grow at the same rate as the physical growth of an organism.

Question 20

How many amino acids human body cannot produce its own?

A	Fifteen
B	Eight
C	Ten
D	Five
E	Three

Question 21

Were do we find most of the evidence for bipedalism?

A	Based on the type of tools utilized by the arthropods.
B	Based on the length ratio of limbs to arms.
C	Based on the size of the exoskeleton.
D	Based on the DNA structure of arthropods.
E	Based on the placement of spinal cord opening on the skulls.

Question 22

Which of the following statements are true about vitamins and minerals?

A	There are thirty essential vitamins requirements for humans according to Health Canada guidelines.
B	They are organic substances which human do not produce its' own. Mostly acquired from food sources.
C	They are compounds usually acquired from food sources. Vitamins are organic compounds while minerals are inorganic compounds.
D	While it is possible to live a healthy life without minerals, all humans must requires vitamins.
E	They are chemicals produced by the monosccharies and absorbed through amino acids.

Question 23

Which of the following undergoes the fastest evolution? (fastest change in terms of time)

A	rRNA
B	DNA
C	RNA
D	mtDNA

Question 24

Which of the following is a common characteristic of hagfishes and lampreys?

A	They both lack jaws.
B	They both lack endoskeleton.
C	Hagfishes lack jaws and lampreys lack endoskeleton.
D	They both produce slime when threatened and it can be used for manufacturing textiles.

Question 25

How do we describe a situation where a species undergo little or no change for a long period of time but characterized by sudden changes?

A	This situation most likely caused by genetic drift.
B	Species experienced a punctuated equilibrium.
C	The population has experienced an allopatric speciation.
D	The species most likely increased in diversity and their hybrid population.

Question 26

Which of these is not a member of the anthropoids?

A	Gorillas
B	Monkeys
C	Gibbons
D	Tarsiers
E	Humans

Question 27

If a particular characteristic of a clade is not found in their ancestor, it is most likely a...

A	...genetically evolved character.
B	...ancestral character.
C	...shared derived character.
D	...genetically modified character.
E	...shared ancestral character.

Question 28

If two groups of organisms interbreed, but resulting organism can no longer produce viable offspring of his/her own, the system is said to be...

A	...experiencing a reduced hybrid viability.
B	...experiencing a reduced hybrid fertility.
C	...in gametic isolation state.
D	...in temporal isolation state.
E	...experiencing a hybrid breakdown.

Question 29

Which arrow shows the release of digestive enzymes by the liver?

Image Credit: Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections by Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey and Soctt

A	Arrow D
B	Arrow B
C	Arrow A
D	Arrow C

Question 30

Why do chameleons change colour?

A	To communicate with each other.
B	To blend into the surrounding environment.
C	For altruism and mimicry where one individual or more benefited by changing appearance,
D	To warn the predators.

Question 31

The first tetrapods were most likely...

A	...vertebrates with complex lungs.
B	...fishes with necks and four limbs.
C	...sting rays with gas exchange lungs.
D	...fishes that dragged themselves from one pool of water to another.

Question 32

What is the relationship between evolution of feathers and flight?

A	The flight and feathers evolved at the same time.
B	The feathers evolved first as an insulation mechanism and later the flight was evolved.
C	It is difficult to prove the connection between feathers and flight due to lack of scientific evidence.
D	There is no relationship between them because feathers are just skin protectors.
E	The flight evolved first then feathers evolved to insulate high flying birds from old air masses.

Question 33

Coordination and learning of new body movements is mostly controlled by what part of the brain?

A	Cerebellum.
B	Hypothalamus.
C	Pons midbrain in the Brain Stem.
D	Medulla oblongata in the Brain Stem.
E	Cerebrum.

Question 34

What is the best description for Humpback whales?

A	They are omnivores that feeds on both seaweeds and fishes.
B	They are substrate feeders.
C	They are suspension feeders.
D	They are fluid feeders.
E	They are herbivores and the primary diet is eat seaweed.

Question 35

Mammals belongs to the amniotes. However, mammals are different from reptiles (also amniotes) because...

A	...mammals are part of the primate group.
B	...mammals have hair and mammary glands.
C	...mammals do not produce eggs.
D	...mammals are also tetrapods.
E	...mammals have thick notochords.

Question 36

What is unique about PhyloCode classification?

A	It includes the new classification categories such as sub-phylums and sub-domains.
B	It includes only the evidence from DNA and other genetic materials.
C	It includes only the evidence from fossils record.
D	It includes a common ancestor and all its decedents.

Question 37

Which of the following hominins were the earliest to colonize beyond Africa?

A	Homo habilis
B	Homo sapiens
C	Homo ergaster
D	Homo erectus
E	Homo neanderthalensis

Question 38

Which of the following vitamins is responsible for production of nucleic acids and read blood cells?

A	Vitamin B₁₂
B	Vitamin K
C	Vitamin B₆
D	Vitamin A
E	Vitamin B₁

Question 39

What is the primary function of chorion and allantois in amniotic egg?

A	Enables the embryo to obtain oxygen from air and dispose carbon dioxide.
B	Protection of the embryo from the outside environment through temperature regulation.
C	Structure for the shell in which the honeycomb allantois attached itself to chorion.
D	Production and processing of nutrients for the embryo.

Question 40

The fin extensions in front of the stingrays are used for...

A	...move on the seabed and for sediment filtering.
B	...swim against the currents.
C	...attack prey.
D	...funnel in water for suspension feeding.

Question 41

In cladistics, what do you call the organisms that is known to have diverged before the linage of interest?

A	derived organisms
B	ingroup
C	drifted organisms
D	outgroup

Question 42

Some of the muscles and glands in the digestive track is controlled by...

A	...sympathetic division of the motor nervous system.
B	...sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
C	...enteric division of the autonomic nervous system.
D	...motor system of the peripheral nervous system.
E	...central nervous system.

Question 43

What is the first modern phylum to evolve a nervous system?

A	Cnidarians
B	Molluscs
C	Planarians
D	Arthropods
E	Annelids

Question 44

Which of the following anthropoids is well known to be the first one to use sophisticated stone tools?

A	Homo erectus
B	Homo sapiens
C	Homo habilis
D	Homo ergaster
E	Homo neanderthalensis

Question 45

What is the main reason for the evolutionary development of amniotes?

A	Protect the eggs from predators.
B	As a counteraction to balance the pressure and temperature conditions of the zygote.
C	Adaptation to terrestrial environments.
D	Reduce the zygote breakdown.

Question 46

Organisms wit which of the feeding mechanism has the most complex digestive system?

A	Substrate feeders
B	Suspension feeders
C	Fluid feeders
D	Bulk feeders

Question 47

Where do the majority of nutrients stored in the amniotic egg?

A	Chorion
B	Yolk
C	Embryo
D	Amnion
E	Allantois

Question 48

Which of the following belongs to Peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

I. Cranial nerves
II. Spinal nerves
III. Brain
IV. Spinal cord

A	None of the listed items.
B	All of the listed items.
C	I, II and III
D	II and IV
E	III and IV
F	I and II

Question 49

The following diagram is a phylogenetic tree of primates. What organisms are indicated by I, II, III, and IV respectively?

A	I. New World monkeys II. Old World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Chimpanzees
B	I. Old World monkeys II. New World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Orangutans
C	I. New World monkeys II. Old World monkeys III. Tarsiers IV. Chimpanzees
D	I. Tarsiers II. New World monkeys III. Old World monkeys IV. Gibbons
E	I. Tarsiers II. New World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Orangutans

Question 50

What is the primary function of a placenta?

A	Controlling temperature, pressure and chemical compounds for the embryo.
B	Gas exchange for breathing.
C	Storing and processing nutrients.
D	Diffusion of nutrients from mother's blood to embryo's blood.
E	Protection of embryo from any external forces; chemical and physical.

Question 51

What part of the world you expect to observe marsupials in their natural habitat (modern day)?

A	South Asia
B	Russia and Canada
C	Antarctic region.
D	New Zealand
E	China

Question 51 Explanation:

Also Australia, Central and South America.

Question 52

What was the function of gill slits, which lead to the formation of jaws, at the very beginning of their evolution?

A	Breathing by exchanging oxygen atoms from the water.
B	Trapping suspended food particles.
C	Catching or killing the prey.
D	Pumping water for movement.
E	Crushing and grinding of food particles.

Question 53

The Vitamin K plays an important role in what function of the human body?

A	Synthesis of fat
B	Visual pigments and epithelial tissues
C	Blood clotting
D	Amino acid metabolism
E	Collagen synthesis

Question 54

Which of the following statements about animal digestive system is true?

A	Cellulose-digesting microbes are equally abundant both in carnivores and herbivores.
B	All vertebrates process hard solid foods in the Gizzard before the nutrients are absorbed by the intestine.
C	Omnivores have longer digestive track then carnivores of similar body size because vegetation is more difficult to break digest.
D	Meat is more difficult to digest than vegetable matter because of its high protein content.

Question 55

Human brain estimated to have how many neutrons?

A	800 billion
B	100 billion
C	500 billion
D	100 million
E	800 million

Question 56

You open the Biology 205 exam booklet. You read the first question and realized that unlike Geology 449, you can actually answer the question using logic, reasoning and memory. After analyzing the question, you use your hand to record an answer. What are the steps which your nervous system takes to process above scenario?

A	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Peripheral Nervous System through Central Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Central Nervous System.
B	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Central Nervous System through Peripheral Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
C	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Central Nervous System directly. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
D	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of Central Nervous System directly. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Central Nervous System.
E	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Peripheral Nervous System through Central Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.

Question 57

The following diagram is a phylogenetic tree of primates. What organisms are indicated by VI and VII respectively?

A	Tarsiers and Gibbons
B	Orangutans and Gibbons
C	Gibbons and Orangutans
D	Gorillas and Chimpanzees
E	Orangutans and Gorillas

Question 58

Which of the clades, ray-finned fishes belongs to?

A	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Amniotes
B	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Tetrapods, Amniotes
C	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Tetrapods
D	Chordates, Vertebrates
E	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates

Question 59

During digestion, nucleic acids brake down what chemical compound/component?

A	Amino acids
B	Nucleotides
C	Monosaccharides
D	Glycerol
E	Fatty acids

Question 60

In a hot arid environment, evolution prefer organisms with what type of adaptation(s)?

A	Organisms that have the ability to fly therefore allowing them to migrate to locations with more food/water.
B	Organisms with endohermic metabolism.
C	Organisms with ectothermic metabolism.
D	Organisms with lungs instead of a skin-bases gas exchanges.
E	Organisms that can store high volume of water within their bodies.

Question 61

Based on the three main categories of how animals obtain and process food, which of the following does not fit with the others?

A	Crows
B	Gorilla
C	Cockroaches
D	Raccoons
E	Human

Question 61 Explanation:

Gorilla belongs to the herbivores while others belongs to the omnivores.

Question 62

Which of the following group best describe the first vertebrates on land?

A	Animalia
B	Tetrapods
C	Bipedal vertebrates
D	Cordatas

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. K. Ruckstuhl during Fall 2014.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Biology 205 Midterm II-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm I | Midterm III | Final Exam

Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

Standing on the shoulders of giants

Go to: Midterm I | Midterm III | Final Exam

Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

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Standing on the shoulders of giants