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Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

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Question 1

What is the relationship between evolution of feathers and flight?

A	There is no relationship between them because feathers are just skin protectors.
B	The flight and feathers evolved at the same time.
C	The flight evolved first then feathers evolved to insulate high flying birds from old air masses.
D	The feathers evolved first as an insulation mechanism and later the flight was evolved.
E	It is difficult to prove the connection between feathers and flight due to lack of scientific evidence.

Question 2

In a hot arid environment, evolution prefer organisms with what type of adaptation(s)?

A	Organisms with lungs instead of a skin-bases gas exchanges.
B	Organisms that can store high volume of water within their bodies.
C	Organisms that have the ability to fly therefore allowing them to migrate to locations with more food/water.
D	Organisms with ectothermic metabolism.
E	Organisms with endohermic metabolism.

Question 3

Which of the following belongs to Peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

I. Cranial nerves
II. Spinal nerves
III. Brain
IV. Spinal cord

A	None of the listed items.
B	I and II
C	All of the listed items.
D	I, II and III
E	II and IV
F	III and IV

Question 4

Which arrow shows the release of digestive enzymes by the liver?

Image Credit: Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections by Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey and Soctt

A	Arrow A
B	Arrow D
C	Arrow C
D	Arrow B

Question 5

Which part of this diagram of the human brain depicts the thalamus?

Image Credit: Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections by Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey and Soctt

A	Part C
B	Part A
C	Part D
D	Part B

Question 6

Which of the following statement is true about resting potential of human nervous system?

A	Resting neurons have a zero charge inside the cell.
B	Resting neurons have a slightly positive charge inside the cell.
C	Resting neurons for humans is about +/- 5 mV.
D	Resting neurons have a slightly negative charge inside the cell.

Question 7

Which of the following is a common characteristic of hagfishes and lampreys?

A	They both lack jaws.
B	Hagfishes lack jaws and lampreys lack endoskeleton.
C	They both lack endoskeleton.
D	They both produce slime when threatened and it can be used for manufacturing textiles.

Question 8

Some of the muscles and glands in the digestive track is controlled by...

A	...sympathetic division of the motor nervous system.
B	...motor system of the peripheral nervous system.
C	...enteric division of the autonomic nervous system.
D	...central nervous system.
E	...sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 9

The Vitamin K plays an important role in what function of the human body?

A	Synthesis of fat
B	Blood clotting
C	Collagen synthesis
D	Amino acid metabolism
E	Visual pigments and epithelial tissues

Question 10

What is the primary function of a placenta?

A	Diffusion of nutrients from mother's blood to embryo's blood.
B	Gas exchange for breathing.
C	Protection of embryo from any external forces; chemical and physical.
D	Storing and processing nutrients.
E	Controlling temperature, pressure and chemical compounds for the embryo.

Question 11

Coordination and learning of new body movements is mostly controlled by what part of the brain?

A	Hypothalamus.
B	Cerebrum.
C	Cerebellum.
D	Pons midbrain in the Brain Stem.
E	Medulla oblongata in the Brain Stem.

Question 12

How many amino acids human body cannot produce its own?

A	Eight
B	Five
C	Ten
D	Three
E	Fifteen

Question 13

In cladistics, what is the primary criterion for grouping of organisms?

A	Ability to interbreed and reproduce viable offspring.
B	Ability to interbreed among individuals.
C	Common ancestral based decedents.
D	Fossil record indicating similar characteristics.
E	Common homologous and analogous features.

Question 14

Human brain estimated to have how many neutrons?

A	800 million
B	500 billion
C	800 billion
D	100 million
E	100 billion

Question 15

Mammals belongs to the amniotes. However, mammals are different from reptiles (also amniotes) because...

A	...mammals are also tetrapods.
B	...mammals are part of the primate group.
C	...mammals have thick notochords.
D	...mammals have hair and mammary glands.
E	...mammals do not produce eggs.

Question 16

If two groups of organisms interbreed, but resulting organism can no longer produce viable offspring of his/her own, the system is said to be...

A	...in temporal isolation state.
B	...experiencing a reduced hybrid fertility.
C	...experiencing a reduced hybrid viability.
D	...experiencing a hybrid breakdown.
E	...in gametic isolation state.

Question 17

What is the primary function of chorion and allantois in amniotic egg?

A	Production and processing of nutrients for the embryo.
B	Protection of the embryo from the outside environment through temperature regulation.
C	Structure for the shell in which the honeycomb allantois attached itself to chorion.
D	Enables the embryo to obtain oxygen from air and dispose carbon dioxide.

Question 18

What is the resting potential voltage for human nervous system?

A	10 mV
B	100 mV
C	-70 mV
D	-30 mV
E	+50 mV

Question 19

Which of the following undergoes the fastest evolution? (fastest change in terms of time)

A	rRNA
B	DNA
C	RNA
D	mtDNA

Question 20

Humans are belong to __I__ Domain and __II__ Phylum.

A	I. Archaea II. Primates
B	I. Chordata II. Primates
C	I. Primates II. Homininae
D	I. Eukaryota II. Primates
E	I. Eukaryota II. Chordata

Question 21

The following diagram is a phylogenetic tree of primates. What organisms are indicated by VI and VII respectively?

A	Tarsiers and Gibbons
B	Orangutans and Gorillas
C	Gorillas and Chimpanzees
D	Gibbons and Orangutans
E	Orangutans and Gibbons

Question 22

Which of the following vitamins is responsible for production of nucleic acids and read blood cells?

A	Vitamin B₆
B	Vitamin B₁
C	Vitamin A
D	Vitamin K
E	Vitamin B₁₂

Question 23

Which of these is not a member of the anthropoids?

A	Gibbons
B	Tarsiers
C	Monkeys
D	Humans
E	Gorillas

Question 24

Which of the following group best describe the first vertebrates on land?

A	Cordatas
B	Tetrapods
C	Animalia
D	Bipedal vertebrates

Question 25

Why do chameleons change colour?

A	To blend into the surrounding environment.
B	For altruism and mimicry where one individual or more benefited by changing appearance,
C	To communicate with each other.
D	To warn the predators.

Question 26

Which of the following hominins were the earliest to colonize beyond Africa?

A	Homo neanderthalensis
B	Homo habilis
C	Homo ergaster
D	Homo sapiens
E	Homo erectus

Question 27

Peter and Rosemary Grants have studied evolutionary changes in Darwin's finches. Which of the the statements best describe the key conclusion of this study?

A	Hybrids have better survival rate than the others in a population.
B	Darwin's finches are unique because they are the only population to have a large variation in beak sizes.
C	The response to environmental changes often result in dramatic shift in phenotypes.
D	Competition for food can drive evolutionary changes and adaptations.

Question 28

Amphibians dominated the Carboniferous period. However, their adaptation to different environments is hindered by...

A	...large number of predators.
B	...vulnerability to dehydration.
C	...limited food supply.
D	...limited viable offspring.

Question 29

In cladistics, what do you call the organisms that is known to have diverged before the linage of interest?

A	ingroup
B	drifted organisms
C	outgroup
D	derived organisms

Question 30

Which of the following anthropoids is well known to be the first one to use sophisticated stone tools?

A	Homo habilis
B	Homo sapiens
C	Homo neanderthalensis
D	Homo erectus
E	Homo ergaster

Question 31

Which of the following in our Nervous System responsible for insulating axons?

A	cell body
B	myelin sheath and glia
C	axon hillock
D	myelin sheath
E	glia

Question 32

How do we describe a situation where a species undergo little or no change for a long period of time but characterized by sudden changes?

A	The population has experienced an allopatric speciation.
B	This situation most likely caused by genetic drift.
C	The species most likely increased in diversity and their hybrid population.
D	Species experienced a punctuated equilibrium.

Question 33

Organisms wit which of the feeding mechanism has the most complex digestive system?

A	Bulk feeders
B	Substrate feeders
C	Fluid feeders
D	Suspension feeders

Question 34

Biologists found over 1000 different snake species on one island. This is an example of what mechanism?

A	Temporal isolation
B	Sympathetic speciation
C	Zygotic barriers
D	Polyploidy
E	Adaptive radiation

Question 35

What part of the world you expect to observe marsupials in their natural habitat (modern day)?

A	Antarctic region.
B	China
C	Russia and Canada
D	New Zealand
E	South Asia

Question 35 Explanation:

Also Australia, Central and South America.

Question 36

What mammal lineage do humans belong to?

A	Marsupials
B	Monotremes
C	Biotremes
D	Euterians

Question 36 Explanation:

Also known as placental mammals due to complex placentas.

Question 37

Scientists have used the molecular clock model to identify the origins of HIV-1M virus which causes AIDS. What is the major assumption in molecular clock model?

A	The HIV virus originated from primates and transferred to human.
B	The HIV genome is composed of fast self replicating DNA that produce a new evolutionary trait at an exponential rate.
C	The modern HIV virus is derived from an ancestor that have the exact same characteristics as the current HIV-1M virus.
D	The rate at which the HIV genome evolve is consent at all times.

Question 38

Were do we find most of the evidence for bipedalism?

A	Based on the type of tools utilized by the arthropods.
B	Based on the size of the exoskeleton.
C	Based on the placement of spinal cord opening on the skulls.
D	Based on the DNA structure of arthropods.
E	Based on the length ratio of limbs to arms.

Question 39

The following diagram is a phylogenetic tree of primates. What organisms are indicated by I, II, III, and IV respectively?

A	I. Tarsiers II. New World monkeys III. Old World monkeys IV. Gibbons
B	I. Old World monkeys II. New World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Orangutans
C	I. New World monkeys II. Old World monkeys III. Tarsiers IV. Chimpanzees
D	I. Tarsiers II. New World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Orangutans
E	I. New World monkeys II. Old World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Chimpanzees

Question 40

According to current fossil record and our understanding, which came first; bipedalism, large brains or both around the same time?

A	Large brains
B	Both around the same time
C	Not enough evidence to support either way.
D	Bipedalism

Question 41

Which of the following organism is not belong to the apes category?

A	Gibbons
B	Chimpanzees
C	Orangutans
D	Monkeys
E	Bonobos

Question 41 Explanation:

But note that both monkeys and apes are part of the anthropod group.

Question 42

If a particular characteristic of a clade is not found in their ancestor, it is most likely a...

A	...genetically evolved character.
B	...genetically modified character.
C	...shared derived character.
D	...shared ancestral character.
E	...ancestral character.

Question 43

You open the Biology 205 exam booklet. You read the first question and realized that unlike Geology 449, you can actually answer the question using logic, reasoning and memory. After analyzing the question, you use your hand to record an answer. What are the steps which your nervous system takes to process above scenario?

A	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Central Nervous System directly. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
B	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Peripheral Nervous System through Central Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Central Nervous System.
C	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Peripheral Nervous System through Central Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
D	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Central Nervous System through Peripheral Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
E	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of Central Nervous System directly. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Central Nervous System.

Question 44

What is unique about PhyloCode classification?

A	It includes the new classification categories such as sub-phylums and sub-domains.
B	It includes a common ancestor and all its decedents.
C	It includes only the evidence from fossils record.
D	It includes only the evidence from DNA and other genetic materials.

Question 45

Which of the following statements are true about vitamins and minerals?

A	They are organic substances which human do not produce its' own. Mostly acquired from food sources.
B	While it is possible to live a healthy life without minerals, all humans must requires vitamins.
C	They are chemicals produced by the monosccharies and absorbed through amino acids.
D	There are thirty essential vitamins requirements for humans according to Health Canada guidelines.
E	They are compounds usually acquired from food sources. Vitamins are organic compounds while minerals are inorganic compounds.

Question 46

Based on the three main categories of how animals obtain and process food, which of the following does not fit with the others?

A	Cockroaches
B	Human
C	Crows
D	Gorilla
E	Raccoons

Question 46 Explanation:

Gorilla belongs to the herbivores while others belongs to the omnivores.

Question 47

What is the best description for Humpback whales?

A	They are suspension feeders.
B	They are omnivores that feeds on both seaweeds and fishes.
C	They are fluid feeders.
D	They are herbivores and the primary diet is eat seaweed.
E	They are substrate feeders.

Question 48

Which of the following is a true statement about hard bones and/or cartilages?

A	Exoskeleton doesn't grow at the same rate as the physical growth of an organism.
B	Skeletal structure of the body is made up of about 90% cartilages.
C	They are considered to be made up of nonliving materials, but bones are cartilages are generated by living cells.
D	Primary function of the cartilages is to support mechanical movements of organisms.

Question 49

During digestion, nucleic acids brake down what chemical compound/component?

A	Monosaccharides
B	Nucleotides
C	Fatty acids
D	Glycerol
E	Amino acids

Question 50

What is the evolutionary connection between the lungs and swim bladders?

A	Swim bladders evolved from lungs.
B	Lugs evolved from swim bladders.
C	They have no evolutionary connection because they are analogous features.
D	Both developed at the same time under same environmental conditions.

Question 51

Which of the clades, ray-finned fishes belongs to?

A	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Tetrapods
B	Chordates, Vertebrates
C	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Amniotes
D	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Tetrapods, Amniotes
E	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates

Question 52

What is the first modern phylum to evolve a nervous system?

A	Annelids
B	Molluscs
C	Planarians
D	Cnidarians
E	Arthropods

Question 53

What is the primary weakness in majority of modern phylogenetic trees?

A	The lack of DNA evidence to support most of the lineage events,
B	The rapid evolutionary events are poorly recorded and therefore often not included in phylogenetic trees.
C	The lack of fossil record to trace the phylogenetic sequence to a common accessory.
D	The lack of timing for each lineage event.

Question 54

During digestion, fats brake down to fatty acids and what other chemical compound?

A	Amino acids
B	Nucleotides
C	Hydrochloric acid
D	Glycerol
E	Monosaccharides

Question 55

Which of the following food molecule is not a polymer?

A	Nucleic acids
B	Protein
C	Fat
D	Saccharides

Question 56

Which of the following statements about animal digestive system is true?

A	All vertebrates process hard solid foods in the Gizzard before the nutrients are absorbed by the intestine.
B	Omnivores have longer digestive track then carnivores of similar body size because vegetation is more difficult to break digest.
C	Meat is more difficult to digest than vegetable matter because of its high protein content.
D	Cellulose-digesting microbes are equally abundant both in carnivores and herbivores.

Question 57

The fin extensions in front of the stingrays are used for...

A	...funnel in water for suspension feeding.
B	...swim against the currents.
C	...attack prey.
D	...move on the seabed and for sediment filtering.

Question 58

What is the main reason for the evolutionary development of amniotes?

A	Adaptation to terrestrial environments.
B	Protect the eggs from predators.
C	Reduce the zygote breakdown.
D	As a counteraction to balance the pressure and temperature conditions of the zygote.

Question 59

What was the function of gill slits, which lead to the formation of jaws, at the very beginning of their evolution?

A	Crushing and grinding of food particles.
B	Pumping water for movement.
C	Trapping suspended food particles.
D	Breathing by exchanging oxygen atoms from the water.
E	Catching or killing the prey.

Question 60

The first tetrapods were most likely...

A	...vertebrates with complex lungs.
B	...fishes that dragged themselves from one pool of water to another.
C	...sting rays with gas exchange lungs.
D	...fishes with necks and four limbs.

Question 61

Which of the following statement is false?

A	Integration of sensory data occurs within the Central Nervous System.
B	Humans are generically closer to Chimpanzees than to Gorillas.
C	Food molecules are chemical broken down by specialized enzymes.
D	Cecum of a cow is much larger than that of a human.
E	All tissues in a healthy human body have the ability to regenerate.

Question 61 Explanation:

Nervous tissues do not regenerate like other tissues. In rare cases, the regeneration is extremely slow and often does not recover back to the original condition.

Question 62

Where do the majority of nutrients stored in the amniotic egg?

A	Allantois
B	Embryo
C	Yolk
D	Amnion
E	Chorion

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. K. Ruckstuhl during Fall 2014.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Biology 205 Midterm II-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm I | Midterm III | Final Exam

Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

Standing on the shoulders of giants

Go to: Midterm I | Midterm III | Final Exam

Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

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Standing on the shoulders of giants