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Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

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Question 1

Why do chameleons change colour?

A	To blend into the surrounding environment.
B	To communicate with each other.
C	For altruism and mimicry where one individual or more benefited by changing appearance,
D	To warn the predators.

Question 2

Which of the following food molecule is not a polymer?

A	Saccharides
B	Nucleic acids
C	Protein
D	Fat

Question 3

What is the evolutionary connection between the lungs and swim bladders?

A	They have no evolutionary connection because they are analogous features.
B	Swim bladders evolved from lungs.
C	Both developed at the same time under same environmental conditions.
D	Lugs evolved from swim bladders.

Question 4

If a particular characteristic of a clade is not found in their ancestor, it is most likely a...

A	...genetically modified character.
B	...genetically evolved character.
C	...shared ancestral character.
D	...ancestral character.
E	...shared derived character.

Question 5

Organisms wit which of the feeding mechanism has the most complex digestive system?

A	Substrate feeders
B	Fluid feeders
C	Bulk feeders
D	Suspension feeders

Question 6

The first tetrapods were most likely...

A	...sting rays with gas exchange lungs.
B	...fishes with necks and four limbs.
C	...vertebrates with complex lungs.
D	...fishes that dragged themselves from one pool of water to another.

Question 7

Which of the following hominins were the earliest to colonize beyond Africa?

A	Homo ergaster
B	Homo sapiens
C	Homo habilis
D	Homo erectus
E	Homo neanderthalensis

Question 8

What is the primary weakness in majority of modern phylogenetic trees?

A	The lack of DNA evidence to support most of the lineage events,
B	The rapid evolutionary events are poorly recorded and therefore often not included in phylogenetic trees.
C	The lack of timing for each lineage event.
D	The lack of fossil record to trace the phylogenetic sequence to a common accessory.

Question 9

The Vitamin K plays an important role in what function of the human body?

A	Amino acid metabolism
B	Synthesis of fat
C	Visual pigments and epithelial tissues
D	Collagen synthesis
E	Blood clotting

Question 10

What mammal lineage do humans belong to?

A	Euterians
B	Biotremes
C	Marsupials
D	Monotremes

Question 10 Explanation:

Also known as placental mammals due to complex placentas.

Question 11

Where do the majority of nutrients stored in the amniotic egg?

A	Yolk
B	Amnion
C	Allantois
D	Chorion
E	Embryo

Question 12

Which of the following statements about animal digestive system is true?

A	Meat is more difficult to digest than vegetable matter because of its high protein content.
B	Cellulose-digesting microbes are equally abundant both in carnivores and herbivores.
C	All vertebrates process hard solid foods in the Gizzard before the nutrients are absorbed by the intestine.
D	Omnivores have longer digestive track then carnivores of similar body size because vegetation is more difficult to break digest.

Question 13

The following diagram is a phylogenetic tree of primates. What organisms are indicated by I, II, III, and IV respectively?

A	I. Old World monkeys II. New World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Orangutans
B	I. Tarsiers II. New World monkeys III. Old World monkeys IV. Gibbons
C	I. New World monkeys II. Old World monkeys III. Tarsiers IV. Chimpanzees
D	I. New World monkeys II. Old World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Chimpanzees
E	I. Tarsiers II. New World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Orangutans

Question 14

Which of the following undergoes the fastest evolution? (fastest change in terms of time)

A	rRNA
B	DNA
C	mtDNA
D	RNA

Question 15

Based on the three main categories of how animals obtain and process food, which of the following does not fit with the others?

A	Gorilla
B	Cockroaches
C	Raccoons
D	Crows
E	Human

Question 15 Explanation:

Gorilla belongs to the herbivores while others belongs to the omnivores.

Question 16

Which arrow shows the release of digestive enzymes by the liver?

Image Credit: Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections by Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey and Soctt

A	Arrow B
B	Arrow D
C	Arrow A
D	Arrow C

Question 17

What is the main reason for the evolutionary development of amniotes?

A	Reduce the zygote breakdown.
B	Protect the eggs from predators.
C	Adaptation to terrestrial environments.
D	As a counteraction to balance the pressure and temperature conditions of the zygote.

Question 18

Which of the following vitamins is responsible for production of nucleic acids and read blood cells?

A	Vitamin A
B	Vitamin B₁₂
C	Vitamin B₆
D	Vitamin B₁
E	Vitamin K

Question 19

Which of the following anthropoids is well known to be the first one to use sophisticated stone tools?

A	Homo neanderthalensis
B	Homo ergaster
C	Homo erectus
D	Homo sapiens
E	Homo habilis

Question 20

Were do we find most of the evidence for bipedalism?

A	Based on the length ratio of limbs to arms.
B	Based on the size of the exoskeleton.
C	Based on the type of tools utilized by the arthropods.
D	Based on the placement of spinal cord opening on the skulls.
E	Based on the DNA structure of arthropods.

Question 21

Which of the following belongs to Peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

I. Cranial nerves
II. Spinal nerves
III. Brain
IV. Spinal cord

A	None of the listed items.
B	II and IV
C	I and II
D	All of the listed items.
E	I, II and III
F	III and IV

Question 22

Which of the following is a true statement about hard bones and/or cartilages?

A	Exoskeleton doesn't grow at the same rate as the physical growth of an organism.
B	They are considered to be made up of nonliving materials, but bones are cartilages are generated by living cells.
C	Skeletal structure of the body is made up of about 90% cartilages.
D	Primary function of the cartilages is to support mechanical movements of organisms.

Question 23

Amphibians dominated the Carboniferous period. However, their adaptation to different environments is hindered by...

A	...limited viable offspring.
B	...vulnerability to dehydration.
C	...limited food supply.
D	...large number of predators.

Question 24

Which of the following statement is true about resting potential of human nervous system?

A	Resting neurons have a slightly positive charge inside the cell.
B	Resting neurons have a slightly negative charge inside the cell.
C	Resting neurons have a zero charge inside the cell.
D	Resting neurons for humans is about +/- 5 mV.

Question 25

What is the primary function of a placenta?

A	Diffusion of nutrients from mother's blood to embryo's blood.
B	Gas exchange for breathing.
C	Controlling temperature, pressure and chemical compounds for the embryo.
D	Protection of embryo from any external forces; chemical and physical.
E	Storing and processing nutrients.

Question 26

How do we describe a situation where a species undergo little or no change for a long period of time but characterized by sudden changes?

A	Species experienced a punctuated equilibrium.
B	This situation most likely caused by genetic drift.
C	The species most likely increased in diversity and their hybrid population.
D	The population has experienced an allopatric speciation.

Question 27

Which of these is not a member of the anthropoids?

A	Humans
B	Gibbons
C	Gorillas
D	Monkeys
E	Tarsiers

Question 28

In cladistics, what do you call the organisms that is known to have diverged before the linage of interest?

A	drifted organisms
B	ingroup
C	derived organisms
D	outgroup

Question 29

How many amino acids human body cannot produce its own?

A	Five
B	Eight
C	Fifteen
D	Ten
E	Three

Question 30

Which of the following in our Nervous System responsible for insulating axons?

A	axon hillock
B	glia
C	cell body
D	myelin sheath and glia
E	myelin sheath

Question 31

During digestion, fats brake down to fatty acids and what other chemical compound?

A	Amino acids
B	Glycerol
C	Monosaccharides
D	Nucleotides
E	Hydrochloric acid

Question 32

Which of the following organism is not belong to the apes category?

A	Chimpanzees
B	Monkeys
C	Gibbons
D	Bonobos
E	Orangutans

Question 32 Explanation:

But note that both monkeys and apes are part of the anthropod group.

Question 33

Which of the following is a common characteristic of hagfishes and lampreys?

A	They both lack jaws.
B	They both lack endoskeleton.
C	They both produce slime when threatened and it can be used for manufacturing textiles.
D	Hagfishes lack jaws and lampreys lack endoskeleton.

Question 34

What is the first modern phylum to evolve a nervous system?

A	Molluscs
B	Annelids
C	Arthropods
D	Planarians
E	Cnidarians

Question 35

What is the primary function of chorion and allantois in amniotic egg?

A	Production and processing of nutrients for the embryo.
B	Structure for the shell in which the honeycomb allantois attached itself to chorion.
C	Protection of the embryo from the outside environment through temperature regulation.
D	Enables the embryo to obtain oxygen from air and dispose carbon dioxide.

Question 36

Which of the clades, ray-finned fishes belongs to?

A	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Amniotes
B	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates
C	Chordates, Vertebrates
D	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Tetrapods
E	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Tetrapods, Amniotes

Question 37

Coordination and learning of new body movements is mostly controlled by what part of the brain?

A	Pons midbrain in the Brain Stem.
B	Cerebrum.
C	Hypothalamus.
D	Cerebellum.
E	Medulla oblongata in the Brain Stem.

Question 38

Which of the following statement is false?

A	Food molecules are chemical broken down by specialized enzymes.
B	All tissues in a healthy human body have the ability to regenerate.
C	Cecum of a cow is much larger than that of a human.
D	Integration of sensory data occurs within the Central Nervous System.
E	Humans are generically closer to Chimpanzees than to Gorillas.

Question 38 Explanation:

Nervous tissues do not regenerate like other tissues. In rare cases, the regeneration is extremely slow and often does not recover back to the original condition.

Question 39

If two groups of organisms interbreed, but resulting organism can no longer produce viable offspring of his/her own, the system is said to be...

A	...experiencing a hybrid breakdown.
B	...in gametic isolation state.
C	...in temporal isolation state.
D	...experiencing a reduced hybrid viability.
E	...experiencing a reduced hybrid fertility.

Question 40

In cladistics, what is the primary criterion for grouping of organisms?

A	Common ancestral based decedents.
B	Fossil record indicating similar characteristics.
C	Ability to interbreed among individuals.
D	Common homologous and analogous features.
E	Ability to interbreed and reproduce viable offspring.

Question 41

Biologists found over 1000 different snake species on one island. This is an example of what mechanism?

A	Zygotic barriers
B	Sympathetic speciation
C	Temporal isolation
D	Polyploidy
E	Adaptive radiation

Question 42

In a hot arid environment, evolution prefer organisms with what type of adaptation(s)?

A	Organisms with endohermic metabolism.
B	Organisms with lungs instead of a skin-bases gas exchanges.
C	Organisms that have the ability to fly therefore allowing them to migrate to locations with more food/water.
D	Organisms that can store high volume of water within their bodies.
E	Organisms with ectothermic metabolism.

Question 43

Humans are belong to __I__ Domain and __II__ Phylum.

A	I. Eukaryota II. Primates
B	I. Chordata II. Primates
C	I. Archaea II. Primates
D	I. Primates II. Homininae
E	I. Eukaryota II. Chordata

Question 44

The following diagram is a phylogenetic tree of primates. What organisms are indicated by VI and VII respectively?

A	Orangutans and Gibbons
B	Orangutans and Gorillas
C	Tarsiers and Gibbons
D	Gibbons and Orangutans
E	Gorillas and Chimpanzees

Question 45

You open the Biology 205 exam booklet. You read the first question and realized that unlike Geology 449, you can actually answer the question using logic, reasoning and memory. After analyzing the question, you use your hand to record an answer. What are the steps which your nervous system takes to process above scenario?

A	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Peripheral Nervous System through Central Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Central Nervous System.
B	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of Central Nervous System directly. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Central Nervous System.
C	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Peripheral Nervous System through Central Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
D	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Central Nervous System directly. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
E	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Central Nervous System through Peripheral Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.

Question 46

Which of the following statements are true about vitamins and minerals?

A	There are thirty essential vitamins requirements for humans according to Health Canada guidelines.
B	They are compounds usually acquired from food sources. Vitamins are organic compounds while minerals are inorganic compounds.
C	While it is possible to live a healthy life without minerals, all humans must requires vitamins.
D	They are chemicals produced by the monosccharies and absorbed through amino acids.
E	They are organic substances which human do not produce its' own. Mostly acquired from food sources.

Question 47

Mammals belongs to the amniotes. However, mammals are different from reptiles (also amniotes) because...

A	...mammals are also tetrapods.
B	...mammals are part of the primate group.
C	...mammals do not produce eggs.
D	...mammals have thick notochords.
E	...mammals have hair and mammary glands.

Question 48

Human brain estimated to have how many neutrons?

A	800 million
B	100 million
C	800 billion
D	500 billion
E	100 billion

Question 49

Which of the following group best describe the first vertebrates on land?

A	Cordatas
B	Tetrapods
C	Animalia
D	Bipedal vertebrates

Question 50

What is the relationship between evolution of feathers and flight?

A	The feathers evolved first as an insulation mechanism and later the flight was evolved.
B	It is difficult to prove the connection between feathers and flight due to lack of scientific evidence.
C	There is no relationship between them because feathers are just skin protectors.
D	The flight evolved first then feathers evolved to insulate high flying birds from old air masses.
E	The flight and feathers evolved at the same time.

Question 51

Scientists have used the molecular clock model to identify the origins of HIV-1M virus which causes AIDS. What is the major assumption in molecular clock model?

A	The rate at which the HIV genome evolve is consent at all times.
B	The modern HIV virus is derived from an ancestor that have the exact same characteristics as the current HIV-1M virus.
C	The HIV virus originated from primates and transferred to human.
D	The HIV genome is composed of fast self replicating DNA that produce a new evolutionary trait at an exponential rate.

Question 52

During digestion, nucleic acids brake down what chemical compound/component?

A	Amino acids
B	Monosaccharides
C	Fatty acids
D	Glycerol
E	Nucleotides

Question 53

What is the best description for Humpback whales?

A	They are substrate feeders.
B	They are herbivores and the primary diet is eat seaweed.
C	They are omnivores that feeds on both seaweeds and fishes.
D	They are suspension feeders.
E	They are fluid feeders.

Question 54

Peter and Rosemary Grants have studied evolutionary changes in Darwin's finches. Which of the the statements best describe the key conclusion of this study?

A	The response to environmental changes often result in dramatic shift in phenotypes.
B	Competition for food can drive evolutionary changes and adaptations.
C	Hybrids have better survival rate than the others in a population.
D	Darwin's finches are unique because they are the only population to have a large variation in beak sizes.

Question 55

What part of the world you expect to observe marsupials in their natural habitat (modern day)?

A	South Asia
B	Antarctic region.
C	Russia and Canada
D	New Zealand
E	China

Question 55 Explanation:

Also Australia, Central and South America.

Question 56

What is the resting potential voltage for human nervous system?

A	+50 mV
B	-30 mV
C	-70 mV
D	100 mV
E	10 mV

Question 57

According to current fossil record and our understanding, which came first; bipedalism, large brains or both around the same time?

A	Large brains
B	Bipedalism
C	Both around the same time
D	Not enough evidence to support either way.

Question 58

Which part of this diagram of the human brain depicts the thalamus?

Image Credit: Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections by Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey and Soctt

A	Part D
B	Part B
C	Part C
D	Part A

Question 59

What was the function of gill slits, which lead to the formation of jaws, at the very beginning of their evolution?

A	Breathing by exchanging oxygen atoms from the water.
B	Pumping water for movement.
C	Catching or killing the prey.
D	Trapping suspended food particles.
E	Crushing and grinding of food particles.

Question 60

What is unique about PhyloCode classification?

A	It includes a common ancestor and all its decedents.
B	It includes only the evidence from DNA and other genetic materials.
C	It includes only the evidence from fossils record.
D	It includes the new classification categories such as sub-phylums and sub-domains.

Question 61

The fin extensions in front of the stingrays are used for...

A	...swim against the currents.
B	...attack prey.
C	...funnel in water for suspension feeding.
D	...move on the seabed and for sediment filtering.

Question 62

Some of the muscles and glands in the digestive track is controlled by...

A	...sympathetic division of the motor nervous system.
B	...enteric division of the autonomic nervous system.
C	...motor system of the peripheral nervous system.
D	...sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
E	...central nervous system.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. K. Ruckstuhl during Fall 2014.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Biology 205 Midterm II-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm I | Midterm III | Final Exam

Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

Standing on the shoulders of giants

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Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

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Standing on the shoulders of giants