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Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

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Question 1

Mammals belongs to the amniotes. However, mammals are different from reptiles (also amniotes) because...

A	...mammals have thick notochords.
B	...mammals are also tetrapods.
C	...mammals do not produce eggs.
D	...mammals are part of the primate group.
E	...mammals have hair and mammary glands.

Question 2

If a particular characteristic of a clade is not found in their ancestor, it is most likely a...

A	...shared derived character.
B	...genetically modified character.
C	...genetically evolved character.
D	...ancestral character.
E	...shared ancestral character.

Question 3

What part of the world you expect to observe marsupials in their natural habitat (modern day)?

A	China
B	New Zealand
C	South Asia
D	Antarctic region.
E	Russia and Canada

Question 3 Explanation:

Also Australia, Central and South America.

Question 4

Humans are belong to __I__ Domain and __II__ Phylum.

A	I. Archaea II. Primates
B	I. Eukaryota II. Chordata
C	I. Chordata II. Primates
D	I. Eukaryota II. Primates
E	I. Primates II. Homininae

Question 5

In cladistics, what do you call the organisms that is known to have diverged before the linage of interest?

A	derived organisms
B	drifted organisms
C	ingroup
D	outgroup

Question 6

Some of the muscles and glands in the digestive track is controlled by...

A	...central nervous system.
B	...motor system of the peripheral nervous system.
C	...enteric division of the autonomic nervous system.
D	...sympathetic division of the motor nervous system.
E	...sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 7

Which of the following vitamins is responsible for production of nucleic acids and read blood cells?

A	Vitamin B₁
B	Vitamin K
C	Vitamin B₁₂
D	Vitamin A
E	Vitamin B₆

Question 8

Which of the following in our Nervous System responsible for insulating axons?

A	myelin sheath and glia
B	cell body
C	glia
D	axon hillock
E	myelin sheath

Question 9

Which of the following statements are true about vitamins and minerals?

A	They are compounds usually acquired from food sources. Vitamins are organic compounds while minerals are inorganic compounds.
B	While it is possible to live a healthy life without minerals, all humans must requires vitamins.
C	There are thirty essential vitamins requirements for humans according to Health Canada guidelines.
D	They are chemicals produced by the monosccharies and absorbed through amino acids.
E	They are organic substances which human do not produce its' own. Mostly acquired from food sources.

Question 10

What is the evolutionary connection between the lungs and swim bladders?

A	They have no evolutionary connection because they are analogous features.
B	Swim bladders evolved from lungs.
C	Lugs evolved from swim bladders.
D	Both developed at the same time under same environmental conditions.

Question 11

What was the function of gill slits, which lead to the formation of jaws, at the very beginning of their evolution?

A	Breathing by exchanging oxygen atoms from the water.
B	Pumping water for movement.
C	Catching or killing the prey.
D	Trapping suspended food particles.
E	Crushing and grinding of food particles.

Question 12

How many amino acids human body cannot produce its own?

A	Five
B	Fifteen
C	Three
D	Ten
E	Eight

Question 13

What is the main reason for the evolutionary development of amniotes?

A	Adaptation to terrestrial environments.
B	As a counteraction to balance the pressure and temperature conditions of the zygote.
C	Reduce the zygote breakdown.
D	Protect the eggs from predators.

Question 14

According to current fossil record and our understanding, which came first; bipedalism, large brains or both around the same time?

A	Not enough evidence to support either way.
B	Large brains
C	Bipedalism
D	Both around the same time

Question 15

Where do the majority of nutrients stored in the amniotic egg?

A	Allantois
B	Yolk
C	Amnion
D	Embryo
E	Chorion

Question 16

Which of the following group best describe the first vertebrates on land?

A	Tetrapods
B	Bipedal vertebrates
C	Animalia
D	Cordatas

Question 17

What is the first modern phylum to evolve a nervous system?

A	Annelids
B	Molluscs
C	Planarians
D	Arthropods
E	Cnidarians

Question 18

The following diagram is a phylogenetic tree of primates. What organisms are indicated by VI and VII respectively?

A	Tarsiers and Gibbons
B	Gibbons and Orangutans
C	Gorillas and Chimpanzees
D	Orangutans and Gibbons
E	Orangutans and Gorillas

Question 19

What is the primary function of a placenta?

A	Diffusion of nutrients from mother's blood to embryo's blood.
B	Protection of embryo from any external forces; chemical and physical.
C	Gas exchange for breathing.
D	Storing and processing nutrients.
E	Controlling temperature, pressure and chemical compounds for the embryo.

Question 20

You open the Biology 205 exam booklet. You read the first question and realized that unlike Geology 449, you can actually answer the question using logic, reasoning and memory. After analyzing the question, you use your hand to record an answer. What are the steps which your nervous system takes to process above scenario?

A	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Central Nervous System through Peripheral Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
B	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Peripheral Nervous System through Central Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Central Nervous System.
C	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Peripheral Nervous System through Central Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
D	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Central Nervous System directly. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
E	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of Central Nervous System directly. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Central Nervous System.

Question 21

Which of the following statement is false?

A	Cecum of a cow is much larger than that of a human.
B	Integration of sensory data occurs within the Central Nervous System.
C	Humans are generically closer to Chimpanzees than to Gorillas.
D	All tissues in a healthy human body have the ability to regenerate.
E	Food molecules are chemical broken down by specialized enzymes.

Question 21 Explanation:

Nervous tissues do not regenerate like other tissues. In rare cases, the regeneration is extremely slow and often does not recover back to the original condition.

Question 22

What is unique about PhyloCode classification?

A	It includes a common ancestor and all its decedents.
B	It includes only the evidence from fossils record.
C	It includes the new classification categories such as sub-phylums and sub-domains.
D	It includes only the evidence from DNA and other genetic materials.

Question 23

The fin extensions in front of the stingrays are used for...

A	...attack prey.
B	...funnel in water for suspension feeding.
C	...swim against the currents.
D	...move on the seabed and for sediment filtering.

Question 24

What is the relationship between evolution of feathers and flight?

A	The feathers evolved first as an insulation mechanism and later the flight was evolved.
B	The flight evolved first then feathers evolved to insulate high flying birds from old air masses.
C	There is no relationship between them because feathers are just skin protectors.
D	It is difficult to prove the connection between feathers and flight due to lack of scientific evidence.
E	The flight and feathers evolved at the same time.

Question 25

During digestion, fats brake down to fatty acids and what other chemical compound?

A	Monosaccharides
B	Amino acids
C	Hydrochloric acid
D	Glycerol
E	Nucleotides

Question 26

Were do we find most of the evidence for bipedalism?

A	Based on the type of tools utilized by the arthropods.
B	Based on the DNA structure of arthropods.
C	Based on the size of the exoskeleton.
D	Based on the length ratio of limbs to arms.
E	Based on the placement of spinal cord opening on the skulls.

Question 27

Scientists have used the molecular clock model to identify the origins of HIV-1M virus which causes AIDS. What is the major assumption in molecular clock model?

A	The rate at which the HIV genome evolve is consent at all times.
B	The HIV virus originated from primates and transferred to human.
C	The modern HIV virus is derived from an ancestor that have the exact same characteristics as the current HIV-1M virus.
D	The HIV genome is composed of fast self replicating DNA that produce a new evolutionary trait at an exponential rate.

Question 28

In cladistics, what is the primary criterion for grouping of organisms?

A	Ability to interbreed among individuals.
B	Fossil record indicating similar characteristics.
C	Ability to interbreed and reproduce viable offspring.
D	Common homologous and analogous features.
E	Common ancestral based decedents.

Question 29

The Vitamin K plays an important role in what function of the human body?

A	Synthesis of fat
B	Visual pigments and epithelial tissues
C	Collagen synthesis
D	Blood clotting
E	Amino acid metabolism

Question 30

What is the primary weakness in majority of modern phylogenetic trees?

A	The lack of fossil record to trace the phylogenetic sequence to a common accessory.
B	The rapid evolutionary events are poorly recorded and therefore often not included in phylogenetic trees.
C	The lack of timing for each lineage event.
D	The lack of DNA evidence to support most of the lineage events,

Question 31

Which of the following statement is true about resting potential of human nervous system?

A	Resting neurons for humans is about +/- 5 mV.
B	Resting neurons have a slightly positive charge inside the cell.
C	Resting neurons have a slightly negative charge inside the cell.
D	Resting neurons have a zero charge inside the cell.

Question 32

What is the resting potential voltage for human nervous system?

A	+50 mV
B	100 mV
C	-30 mV
D	-70 mV
E	10 mV

Question 33

Coordination and learning of new body movements is mostly controlled by what part of the brain?

A	Pons midbrain in the Brain Stem.
B	Cerebrum.
C	Hypothalamus.
D	Cerebellum.
E	Medulla oblongata in the Brain Stem.

Question 34

What mammal lineage do humans belong to?

A	Euterians
B	Marsupials
C	Monotremes
D	Biotremes

Question 34 Explanation:

Also known as placental mammals due to complex placentas.

Question 35

In a hot arid environment, evolution prefer organisms with what type of adaptation(s)?

A	Organisms with endohermic metabolism.
B	Organisms with ectothermic metabolism.
C	Organisms that can store high volume of water within their bodies.
D	Organisms with lungs instead of a skin-bases gas exchanges.
E	Organisms that have the ability to fly therefore allowing them to migrate to locations with more food/water.

Question 36

Based on the three main categories of how animals obtain and process food, which of the following does not fit with the others?

A	Human
B	Raccoons
C	Cockroaches
D	Gorilla
E	Crows

Question 36 Explanation:

Gorilla belongs to the herbivores while others belongs to the omnivores.

Question 37

Which of the following belongs to Peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

I. Cranial nerves
II. Spinal nerves
III. Brain
IV. Spinal cord

A	All of the listed items.
B	I and II
C	II and IV
D	III and IV
E	None of the listed items.
F	I, II and III

Question 38

How do we describe a situation where a species undergo little or no change for a long period of time but characterized by sudden changes?

A	The species most likely increased in diversity and their hybrid population.
B	This situation most likely caused by genetic drift.
C	Species experienced a punctuated equilibrium.
D	The population has experienced an allopatric speciation.

Question 39

Which of the following organism is not belong to the apes category?

A	Orangutans
B	Bonobos
C	Monkeys
D	Chimpanzees
E	Gibbons

Question 39 Explanation:

But note that both monkeys and apes are part of the anthropod group.

Question 40

What is the primary function of chorion and allantois in amniotic egg?

A	Structure for the shell in which the honeycomb allantois attached itself to chorion.
B	Protection of the embryo from the outside environment through temperature regulation.
C	Enables the embryo to obtain oxygen from air and dispose carbon dioxide.
D	Production and processing of nutrients for the embryo.

Question 41

What is the best description for Humpback whales?

A	They are suspension feeders.
B	They are omnivores that feeds on both seaweeds and fishes.
C	They are herbivores and the primary diet is eat seaweed.
D	They are substrate feeders.
E	They are fluid feeders.

Question 42

Which of the following is a common characteristic of hagfishes and lampreys?

A	They both lack endoskeleton.
B	They both lack jaws.
C	They both produce slime when threatened and it can be used for manufacturing textiles.
D	Hagfishes lack jaws and lampreys lack endoskeleton.

Question 43

Which of the following undergoes the fastest evolution? (fastest change in terms of time)

A	DNA
B	mtDNA
C	rRNA
D	RNA

Question 44

Which part of this diagram of the human brain depicts the thalamus?

Image Credit: Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections by Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey and Soctt

A	Part A
B	Part D
C	Part C
D	Part B

Question 45

Organisms wit which of the feeding mechanism has the most complex digestive system?

A	Substrate feeders
B	Suspension feeders
C	Bulk feeders
D	Fluid feeders

Question 46

During digestion, nucleic acids brake down what chemical compound/component?

A	Amino acids
B	Fatty acids
C	Monosaccharides
D	Glycerol
E	Nucleotides

Question 47

Why do chameleons change colour?

A	To warn the predators.
B	For altruism and mimicry where one individual or more benefited by changing appearance,
C	To communicate with each other.
D	To blend into the surrounding environment.

Question 48

Which of the following food molecule is not a polymer?

A	Fat
B	Saccharides
C	Protein
D	Nucleic acids

Question 49

Which of the clades, ray-finned fishes belongs to?

A	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Amniotes
B	Chordates, Vertebrates
C	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates
D	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Tetrapods, Amniotes
E	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Tetrapods

Question 50

Which of the following is a true statement about hard bones and/or cartilages?

A	Primary function of the cartilages is to support mechanical movements of organisms.
B	Skeletal structure of the body is made up of about 90% cartilages.
C	They are considered to be made up of nonliving materials, but bones are cartilages are generated by living cells.
D	Exoskeleton doesn't grow at the same rate as the physical growth of an organism.

Question 51

Which arrow shows the release of digestive enzymes by the liver?

Image Credit: Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections by Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey and Soctt

A	Arrow B
B	Arrow D
C	Arrow C
D	Arrow A

Question 52

Biologists found over 1000 different snake species on one island. This is an example of what mechanism?

A	Sympathetic speciation
B	Temporal isolation
C	Polyploidy
D	Adaptive radiation
E	Zygotic barriers

Question 53

The first tetrapods were most likely...

A	...vertebrates with complex lungs.
B	...sting rays with gas exchange lungs.
C	...fishes with necks and four limbs.
D	...fishes that dragged themselves from one pool of water to another.

Question 54

If two groups of organisms interbreed, but resulting organism can no longer produce viable offspring of his/her own, the system is said to be...

A	...experiencing a hybrid breakdown.
B	...experiencing a reduced hybrid fertility.
C	...in gametic isolation state.
D	...in temporal isolation state.
E	...experiencing a reduced hybrid viability.

Question 55

Which of the following hominins were the earliest to colonize beyond Africa?

A	Homo ergaster
B	Homo neanderthalensis
C	Homo sapiens
D	Homo habilis
E	Homo erectus

Question 56

Which of the following anthropoids is well known to be the first one to use sophisticated stone tools?

A	Homo neanderthalensis
B	Homo erectus
C	Homo habilis
D	Homo sapiens
E	Homo ergaster

Question 57

Which of these is not a member of the anthropoids?

A	Tarsiers
B	Gibbons
C	Monkeys
D	Humans
E	Gorillas

Question 58

Human brain estimated to have how many neutrons?

A	800 million
B	500 billion
C	800 billion
D	100 billion
E	100 million

Question 59

Which of the following statements about animal digestive system is true?

A	Omnivores have longer digestive track then carnivores of similar body size because vegetation is more difficult to break digest.
B	Cellulose-digesting microbes are equally abundant both in carnivores and herbivores.
C	All vertebrates process hard solid foods in the Gizzard before the nutrients are absorbed by the intestine.
D	Meat is more difficult to digest than vegetable matter because of its high protein content.

Question 60

Amphibians dominated the Carboniferous period. However, their adaptation to different environments is hindered by...

A	...limited food supply.
B	...limited viable offspring.
C	...large number of predators.
D	...vulnerability to dehydration.

Question 61

Peter and Rosemary Grants have studied evolutionary changes in Darwin's finches. Which of the the statements best describe the key conclusion of this study?

A	The response to environmental changes often result in dramatic shift in phenotypes.
B	Competition for food can drive evolutionary changes and adaptations.
C	Hybrids have better survival rate than the others in a population.
D	Darwin's finches are unique because they are the only population to have a large variation in beak sizes.

Question 62

The following diagram is a phylogenetic tree of primates. What organisms are indicated by I, II, III, and IV respectively?

A	I. Tarsiers II. New World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Orangutans
B	I. New World monkeys II. Old World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Chimpanzees
C	I. Old World monkeys II. New World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Orangutans
D	I. New World monkeys II. Old World monkeys III. Tarsiers IV. Chimpanzees
E	I. Tarsiers II. New World monkeys III. Old World monkeys IV. Gibbons

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. K. Ruckstuhl during Fall 2014.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Biology 205 Midterm II-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm I | Midterm III | Final Exam

Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

Standing on the shoulders of giants

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Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

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Standing on the shoulders of giants