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Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

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Question 1

In cladistics, what do you call the organisms that is known to have diverged before the linage of interest?

A	derived organisms
B	outgroup
C	drifted organisms
D	ingroup

Question 2

Humans are belong to __I__ Domain and __II__ Phylum.

A	I. Chordata II. Primates
B	I. Eukaryota II. Primates
C	I. Archaea II. Primates
D	I. Eukaryota II. Chordata
E	I. Primates II. Homininae

Question 3

Which of these is not a member of the anthropoids?

A	Monkeys
B	Tarsiers
C	Gorillas
D	Gibbons
E	Humans

Question 4

Peter and Rosemary Grants have studied evolutionary changes in Darwin's finches. Which of the the statements best describe the key conclusion of this study?

A	The response to environmental changes often result in dramatic shift in phenotypes.
B	Darwin's finches are unique because they are the only population to have a large variation in beak sizes.
C	Hybrids have better survival rate than the others in a population.
D	Competition for food can drive evolutionary changes and adaptations.

Question 5

Mammals belongs to the amniotes. However, mammals are different from reptiles (also amniotes) because...

A	...mammals are also tetrapods.
B	...mammals are part of the primate group.
C	...mammals have thick notochords.
D	...mammals do not produce eggs.
E	...mammals have hair and mammary glands.

Question 6

During digestion, fats brake down to fatty acids and what other chemical compound?

A	Hydrochloric acid
B	Nucleotides
C	Amino acids
D	Glycerol
E	Monosaccharides

Question 7

During digestion, nucleic acids brake down what chemical compound/component?

A	Amino acids
B	Monosaccharides
C	Fatty acids
D	Nucleotides
E	Glycerol

Question 8

Based on the three main categories of how animals obtain and process food, which of the following does not fit with the others?

A	Gorilla
B	Cockroaches
C	Human
D	Crows
E	Raccoons

Question 8 Explanation:

Gorilla belongs to the herbivores while others belongs to the omnivores.

Question 9

Which of the following undergoes the fastest evolution? (fastest change in terms of time)

A	mtDNA
B	rRNA
C	DNA
D	RNA

Question 10

What is the primary weakness in majority of modern phylogenetic trees?

A	The lack of fossil record to trace the phylogenetic sequence to a common accessory.
B	The lack of timing for each lineage event.
C	The lack of DNA evidence to support most of the lineage events,
D	The rapid evolutionary events are poorly recorded and therefore often not included in phylogenetic trees.

Question 11

The following diagram is a phylogenetic tree of primates. What organisms are indicated by I, II, III, and IV respectively?

A	I. New World monkeys II. Old World monkeys III. Tarsiers IV. Chimpanzees
B	I. Tarsiers II. New World monkeys III. Old World monkeys IV. Gibbons
C	I. Tarsiers II. New World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Orangutans
D	I. Old World monkeys II. New World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Orangutans
E	I. New World monkeys II. Old World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Chimpanzees

Question 12

In a hot arid environment, evolution prefer organisms with what type of adaptation(s)?

A	Organisms that have the ability to fly therefore allowing them to migrate to locations with more food/water.
B	Organisms with endohermic metabolism.
C	Organisms with ectothermic metabolism.
D	Organisms with lungs instead of a skin-bases gas exchanges.
E	Organisms that can store high volume of water within their bodies.

Question 13

What mammal lineage do humans belong to?

A	Monotremes
B	Euterians
C	Biotremes
D	Marsupials

Question 13 Explanation:

Also known as placental mammals due to complex placentas.

Question 14

Which arrow shows the release of digestive enzymes by the liver?

Image Credit: Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections by Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey and Soctt

A	Arrow D
B	Arrow B
C	Arrow A
D	Arrow C

Question 15

Which of the following anthropoids is well known to be the first one to use sophisticated stone tools?

A	Homo erectus
B	Homo sapiens
C	Homo neanderthalensis
D	Homo habilis
E	Homo ergaster

Question 16

Human brain estimated to have how many neutrons?

A	100 billion
B	500 billion
C	800 billion
D	800 million
E	100 million

Question 17

Which of the following statements are true about vitamins and minerals?

A	They are organic substances which human do not produce its' own. Mostly acquired from food sources.
B	They are compounds usually acquired from food sources. Vitamins are organic compounds while minerals are inorganic compounds.
C	There are thirty essential vitamins requirements for humans according to Health Canada guidelines.
D	While it is possible to live a healthy life without minerals, all humans must requires vitamins.
E	They are chemicals produced by the monosccharies and absorbed through amino acids.

Question 18

What part of the world you expect to observe marsupials in their natural habitat (modern day)?

A	China
B	Antarctic region.
C	South Asia
D	New Zealand
E	Russia and Canada

Question 18 Explanation:

Also Australia, Central and South America.

Question 19

Scientists have used the molecular clock model to identify the origins of HIV-1M virus which causes AIDS. What is the major assumption in molecular clock model?

A	The rate at which the HIV genome evolve is consent at all times.
B	The HIV genome is composed of fast self replicating DNA that produce a new evolutionary trait at an exponential rate.
C	The modern HIV virus is derived from an ancestor that have the exact same characteristics as the current HIV-1M virus.
D	The HIV virus originated from primates and transferred to human.

Question 20

Which of the following is a true statement about hard bones and/or cartilages?

A	Skeletal structure of the body is made up of about 90% cartilages.
B	Exoskeleton doesn't grow at the same rate as the physical growth of an organism.
C	They are considered to be made up of nonliving materials, but bones are cartilages are generated by living cells.
D	Primary function of the cartilages is to support mechanical movements of organisms.

Question 21

Some of the muscles and glands in the digestive track is controlled by...

A	...sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
B	...motor system of the peripheral nervous system.
C	...enteric division of the autonomic nervous system.
D	...central nervous system.
E	...sympathetic division of the motor nervous system.

Question 22

Which of the following in our Nervous System responsible for insulating axons?

A	myelin sheath and glia
B	cell body
C	myelin sheath
D	axon hillock
E	glia

Question 23

What is the first modern phylum to evolve a nervous system?

A	Cnidarians
B	Arthropods
C	Molluscs
D	Annelids
E	Planarians

Question 24

How many amino acids human body cannot produce its own?

A	Eight
B	Five
C	Fifteen
D	Ten
E	Three

Question 25

What is the evolutionary connection between the lungs and swim bladders?

A	Swim bladders evolved from lungs.
B	Lugs evolved from swim bladders.
C	They have no evolutionary connection because they are analogous features.
D	Both developed at the same time under same environmental conditions.

Question 26

What is the resting potential voltage for human nervous system?

A	10 mV
B	+50 mV
C	-30 mV
D	-70 mV
E	100 mV

Question 27

Which of the following group best describe the first vertebrates on land?

A	Animalia
B	Bipedal vertebrates
C	Tetrapods
D	Cordatas

Question 28

Which of the following statement is false?

A	Humans are generically closer to Chimpanzees than to Gorillas.
B	Cecum of a cow is much larger than that of a human.
C	Integration of sensory data occurs within the Central Nervous System.
D	Food molecules are chemical broken down by specialized enzymes.
E	All tissues in a healthy human body have the ability to regenerate.

Question 28 Explanation:

Nervous tissues do not regenerate like other tissues. In rare cases, the regeneration is extremely slow and often does not recover back to the original condition.

Question 29

What is the primary function of a placenta?

A	Gas exchange for breathing.
B	Protection of embryo from any external forces; chemical and physical.
C	Controlling temperature, pressure and chemical compounds for the embryo.
D	Diffusion of nutrients from mother's blood to embryo's blood.
E	Storing and processing nutrients.

Question 30

The fin extensions in front of the stingrays are used for...

A	...move on the seabed and for sediment filtering.
B	...swim against the currents.
C	...funnel in water for suspension feeding.
D	...attack prey.

Question 31

The following diagram is a phylogenetic tree of primates. What organisms are indicated by VI and VII respectively?

A	Tarsiers and Gibbons
B	Orangutans and Gorillas
C	Gibbons and Orangutans
D	Gorillas and Chimpanzees
E	Orangutans and Gibbons

Question 32

Were do we find most of the evidence for bipedalism?

A	Based on the size of the exoskeleton.
B	Based on the length ratio of limbs to arms.
C	Based on the type of tools utilized by the arthropods.
D	Based on the placement of spinal cord opening on the skulls.
E	Based on the DNA structure of arthropods.

Question 33

Which of the following organism is not belong to the apes category?

A	Bonobos
B	Orangutans
C	Monkeys
D	Chimpanzees
E	Gibbons

Question 33 Explanation:

But note that both monkeys and apes are part of the anthropod group.

Question 34

Coordination and learning of new body movements is mostly controlled by what part of the brain?

A	Cerebrum.
B	Cerebellum.
C	Pons midbrain in the Brain Stem.
D	Medulla oblongata in the Brain Stem.
E	Hypothalamus.

Question 35

Biologists found over 1000 different snake species on one island. This is an example of what mechanism?

A	Polyploidy
B	Sympathetic speciation
C	Zygotic barriers
D	Adaptive radiation
E	Temporal isolation

Question 36

Which of the following statements about animal digestive system is true?

A	Meat is more difficult to digest than vegetable matter because of its high protein content.
B	Omnivores have longer digestive track then carnivores of similar body size because vegetation is more difficult to break digest.
C	All vertebrates process hard solid foods in the Gizzard before the nutrients are absorbed by the intestine.
D	Cellulose-digesting microbes are equally abundant both in carnivores and herbivores.

Question 37

What is the relationship between evolution of feathers and flight?

A	The flight evolved first then feathers evolved to insulate high flying birds from old air masses.
B	It is difficult to prove the connection between feathers and flight due to lack of scientific evidence.
C	There is no relationship between them because feathers are just skin protectors.
D	The flight and feathers evolved at the same time.
E	The feathers evolved first as an insulation mechanism and later the flight was evolved.

Question 38

What is the best description for Humpback whales?

A	They are fluid feeders.
B	They are suspension feeders.
C	They are substrate feeders.
D	They are herbivores and the primary diet is eat seaweed.
E	They are omnivores that feeds on both seaweeds and fishes.

Question 39

Why do chameleons change colour?

A	To blend into the surrounding environment.
B	For altruism and mimicry where one individual or more benefited by changing appearance,
C	To warn the predators.
D	To communicate with each other.

Question 40

Which of the following belongs to Peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

I. Cranial nerves
II. Spinal nerves
III. Brain
IV. Spinal cord

A	All of the listed items.
B	I and II
C	II and IV
D	I, II and III
E	None of the listed items.
F	III and IV

Question 41

Which of the clades, ray-finned fishes belongs to?

A	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Tetrapods, Amniotes
B	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Amniotes
C	Chordates, Vertebrates
D	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Tetrapods
E	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates

Question 42

What is unique about PhyloCode classification?

A	It includes a common ancestor and all its decedents.
B	It includes only the evidence from fossils record.
C	It includes only the evidence from DNA and other genetic materials.
D	It includes the new classification categories such as sub-phylums and sub-domains.

Question 43

The Vitamin K plays an important role in what function of the human body?

A	Collagen synthesis
B	Synthesis of fat
C	Visual pigments and epithelial tissues
D	Blood clotting
E	Amino acid metabolism

Question 44

How do we describe a situation where a species undergo little or no change for a long period of time but characterized by sudden changes?

A	The population has experienced an allopatric speciation.
B	Species experienced a punctuated equilibrium.
C	This situation most likely caused by genetic drift.
D	The species most likely increased in diversity and their hybrid population.

Question 45

According to current fossil record and our understanding, which came first; bipedalism, large brains or both around the same time?

A	Both around the same time
B	Large brains
C	Bipedalism
D	Not enough evidence to support either way.

Question 46

Which of the following hominins were the earliest to colonize beyond Africa?

A	Homo neanderthalensis
B	Homo habilis
C	Homo erectus
D	Homo sapiens
E	Homo ergaster

Question 47

What is the primary function of chorion and allantois in amniotic egg?

A	Protection of the embryo from the outside environment through temperature regulation.
B	Structure for the shell in which the honeycomb allantois attached itself to chorion.
C	Production and processing of nutrients for the embryo.
D	Enables the embryo to obtain oxygen from air and dispose carbon dioxide.

Question 48

Amphibians dominated the Carboniferous period. However, their adaptation to different environments is hindered by...

A	...limited viable offspring.
B	...vulnerability to dehydration.
C	...large number of predators.
D	...limited food supply.

Question 49

The first tetrapods were most likely...

A	...fishes with necks and four limbs.
B	...sting rays with gas exchange lungs.
C	...vertebrates with complex lungs.
D	...fishes that dragged themselves from one pool of water to another.

Question 50

In cladistics, what is the primary criterion for grouping of organisms?

A	Fossil record indicating similar characteristics.
B	Common ancestral based decedents.
C	Ability to interbreed and reproduce viable offspring.
D	Common homologous and analogous features.
E	Ability to interbreed among individuals.

Question 51

What was the function of gill slits, which lead to the formation of jaws, at the very beginning of their evolution?

A	Crushing and grinding of food particles.
B	Trapping suspended food particles.
C	Breathing by exchanging oxygen atoms from the water.
D	Pumping water for movement.
E	Catching or killing the prey.

Question 52

You open the Biology 205 exam booklet. You read the first question and realized that unlike Geology 449, you can actually answer the question using logic, reasoning and memory. After analyzing the question, you use your hand to record an answer. What are the steps which your nervous system takes to process above scenario?

A	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Peripheral Nervous System through Central Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Central Nervous System.
B	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Central Nervous System through Peripheral Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
C	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Central Nervous System directly. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
D	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Peripheral Nervous System through Central Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
E	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of Central Nervous System directly. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Central Nervous System.

Question 53

Which part of this diagram of the human brain depicts the thalamus?

Image Credit: Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections by Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey and Soctt

A	Part B
B	Part D
C	Part A
D	Part C

Question 54

What is the main reason for the evolutionary development of amniotes?

A	Reduce the zygote breakdown.
B	As a counteraction to balance the pressure and temperature conditions of the zygote.
C	Protect the eggs from predators.
D	Adaptation to terrestrial environments.

Question 55

If a particular characteristic of a clade is not found in their ancestor, it is most likely a...

A	...genetically modified character.
B	...genetically evolved character.
C	...ancestral character.
D	...shared derived character.
E	...shared ancestral character.

Question 56

Which of the following food molecule is not a polymer?

A	Nucleic acids
B	Protein
C	Fat
D	Saccharides

Question 57

Which of the following vitamins is responsible for production of nucleic acids and read blood cells?

A	Vitamin B₁₂
B	Vitamin A
C	Vitamin B₁
D	Vitamin K
E	Vitamin B₆

Question 58

Which of the following statement is true about resting potential of human nervous system?

A	Resting neurons have a slightly positive charge inside the cell.
B	Resting neurons have a slightly negative charge inside the cell.
C	Resting neurons for humans is about +/- 5 mV.
D	Resting neurons have a zero charge inside the cell.

Question 59

If two groups of organisms interbreed, but resulting organism can no longer produce viable offspring of his/her own, the system is said to be...

A	...experiencing a reduced hybrid viability.
B	...experiencing a hybrid breakdown.
C	...in temporal isolation state.
D	...in gametic isolation state.
E	...experiencing a reduced hybrid fertility.

Question 60

Where do the majority of nutrients stored in the amniotic egg?

A	Yolk
B	Amnion
C	Chorion
D	Allantois
E	Embryo

Question 61

Which of the following is a common characteristic of hagfishes and lampreys?

A	They both lack jaws.
B	They both produce slime when threatened and it can be used for manufacturing textiles.
C	They both lack endoskeleton.
D	Hagfishes lack jaws and lampreys lack endoskeleton.

Question 62

Organisms wit which of the feeding mechanism has the most complex digestive system?

A	Fluid feeders
B	Suspension feeders
C	Bulk feeders
D	Substrate feeders

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. K. Ruckstuhl during Fall 2014.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Biology 205 Midterm II-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm I | Midterm III | Final Exam

Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

Standing on the shoulders of giants

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Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

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Standing on the shoulders of giants