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Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

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Question 1

Which of these is not a member of the anthropoids?

A	Monkeys
B	Gorillas
C	Humans
D	Gibbons
E	Tarsiers

Question 2

What is the first modern phylum to evolve a nervous system?

A	Molluscs
B	Annelids
C	Arthropods
D	Planarians
E	Cnidarians

Question 3

Which of the following hominins were the earliest to colonize beyond Africa?

A	Homo sapiens
B	Homo ergaster
C	Homo erectus
D	Homo neanderthalensis
E	Homo habilis

Question 4

Which of the following undergoes the fastest evolution? (fastest change in terms of time)

A	mtDNA
B	DNA
C	RNA
D	rRNA

Question 5

Amphibians dominated the Carboniferous period. However, their adaptation to different environments is hindered by...

A	...limited food supply.
B	...limited viable offspring.
C	...vulnerability to dehydration.
D	...large number of predators.

Question 6

Biologists found over 1000 different snake species on one island. This is an example of what mechanism?

A	Adaptive radiation
B	Temporal isolation
C	Zygotic barriers
D	Polyploidy
E	Sympathetic speciation

Question 7

Were do we find most of the evidence for bipedalism?

A	Based on the length ratio of limbs to arms.
B	Based on the size of the exoskeleton.
C	Based on the type of tools utilized by the arthropods.
D	Based on the placement of spinal cord opening on the skulls.
E	Based on the DNA structure of arthropods.

Question 8

During digestion, nucleic acids brake down what chemical compound/component?

A	Nucleotides
B	Amino acids
C	Glycerol
D	Fatty acids
E	Monosaccharides

Question 9

According to current fossil record and our understanding, which came first; bipedalism, large brains or both around the same time?

A	Both around the same time
B	Bipedalism
C	Large brains
D	Not enough evidence to support either way.

Question 10

Some of the muscles and glands in the digestive track is controlled by...

A	...enteric division of the autonomic nervous system.
B	...sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
C	...central nervous system.
D	...motor system of the peripheral nervous system.
E	...sympathetic division of the motor nervous system.

Question 11

Which of the following vitamins is responsible for production of nucleic acids and read blood cells?

A	Vitamin B₁
B	Vitamin B₁₂
C	Vitamin B₆
D	Vitamin K
E	Vitamin A

Question 12

Which of the following is a common characteristic of hagfishes and lampreys?

A	Hagfishes lack jaws and lampreys lack endoskeleton.
B	They both lack endoskeleton.
C	They both produce slime when threatened and it can be used for manufacturing textiles.
D	They both lack jaws.

Question 13

What is the primary function of chorion and allantois in amniotic egg?

A	Structure for the shell in which the honeycomb allantois attached itself to chorion.
B	Protection of the embryo from the outside environment through temperature regulation.
C	Production and processing of nutrients for the embryo.
D	Enables the embryo to obtain oxygen from air and dispose carbon dioxide.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about animal digestive system is true?

A	Meat is more difficult to digest than vegetable matter because of its high protein content.
B	Omnivores have longer digestive track then carnivores of similar body size because vegetation is more difficult to break digest.
C	All vertebrates process hard solid foods in the Gizzard before the nutrients are absorbed by the intestine.
D	Cellulose-digesting microbes are equally abundant both in carnivores and herbivores.

Question 15

Which of the following food molecule is not a polymer?

A	Nucleic acids
B	Saccharides
C	Fat
D	Protein

Question 16

Peter and Rosemary Grants have studied evolutionary changes in Darwin's finches. Which of the the statements best describe the key conclusion of this study?

A	Darwin's finches are unique because they are the only population to have a large variation in beak sizes.
B	Competition for food can drive evolutionary changes and adaptations.
C	The response to environmental changes often result in dramatic shift in phenotypes.
D	Hybrids have better survival rate than the others in a population.

Question 17

Which of the following statement is true about resting potential of human nervous system?

A	Resting neurons have a slightly negative charge inside the cell.
B	Resting neurons have a slightly positive charge inside the cell.
C	Resting neurons for humans is about +/- 5 mV.
D	Resting neurons have a zero charge inside the cell.

Question 18

How many amino acids human body cannot produce its own?

A	Fifteen
B	Ten
C	Three
D	Eight
E	Five

Question 19

In cladistics, what is the primary criterion for grouping of organisms?

A	Fossil record indicating similar characteristics.
B	Ability to interbreed among individuals.
C	Common ancestral based decedents.
D	Common homologous and analogous features.
E	Ability to interbreed and reproduce viable offspring.

Question 20

What was the function of gill slits, which lead to the formation of jaws, at the very beginning of their evolution?

A	Breathing by exchanging oxygen atoms from the water.
B	Pumping water for movement.
C	Trapping suspended food particles.
D	Catching or killing the prey.
E	Crushing and grinding of food particles.

Question 21

Scientists have used the molecular clock model to identify the origins of HIV-1M virus which causes AIDS. What is the major assumption in molecular clock model?

A	The modern HIV virus is derived from an ancestor that have the exact same characteristics as the current HIV-1M virus.
B	The HIV virus originated from primates and transferred to human.
C	The rate at which the HIV genome evolve is consent at all times.
D	The HIV genome is composed of fast self replicating DNA that produce a new evolutionary trait at an exponential rate.

Question 22

What is the primary weakness in majority of modern phylogenetic trees?

A	The lack of fossil record to trace the phylogenetic sequence to a common accessory.
B	The lack of DNA evidence to support most of the lineage events,
C	The lack of timing for each lineage event.
D	The rapid evolutionary events are poorly recorded and therefore often not included in phylogenetic trees.

Question 23

If a particular characteristic of a clade is not found in their ancestor, it is most likely a...

A	...genetically modified character.
B	...shared derived character.
C	...shared ancestral character.
D	...ancestral character.
E	...genetically evolved character.

Question 24

Which of the following anthropoids is well known to be the first one to use sophisticated stone tools?

A	Homo sapiens
B	Homo erectus
C	Homo habilis
D	Homo neanderthalensis
E	Homo ergaster

Question 25

Which of the following in our Nervous System responsible for insulating axons?

A	cell body
B	axon hillock
C	myelin sheath and glia
D	myelin sheath
E	glia

Question 26

How do we describe a situation where a species undergo little or no change for a long period of time but characterized by sudden changes?

A	Species experienced a punctuated equilibrium.
B	The species most likely increased in diversity and their hybrid population.
C	This situation most likely caused by genetic drift.
D	The population has experienced an allopatric speciation.

Question 27

Based on the three main categories of how animals obtain and process food, which of the following does not fit with the others?

A	Human
B	Cockroaches
C	Crows
D	Gorilla
E	Raccoons

Question 27 Explanation:

Gorilla belongs to the herbivores while others belongs to the omnivores.

Question 28

Coordination and learning of new body movements is mostly controlled by what part of the brain?

A	Cerebellum.
B	Hypothalamus.
C	Cerebrum.
D	Medulla oblongata in the Brain Stem.
E	Pons midbrain in the Brain Stem.

Question 29

Which of the following is a true statement about hard bones and/or cartilages?

A	They are considered to be made up of nonliving materials, but bones are cartilages are generated by living cells.
B	Skeletal structure of the body is made up of about 90% cartilages.
C	Exoskeleton doesn't grow at the same rate as the physical growth of an organism.
D	Primary function of the cartilages is to support mechanical movements of organisms.

Question 30

Which of the following statement is false?

A	Cecum of a cow is much larger than that of a human.
B	Humans are generically closer to Chimpanzees than to Gorillas.
C	Integration of sensory data occurs within the Central Nervous System.
D	All tissues in a healthy human body have the ability to regenerate.
E	Food molecules are chemical broken down by specialized enzymes.

Question 30 Explanation:

Nervous tissues do not regenerate like other tissues. In rare cases, the regeneration is extremely slow and often does not recover back to the original condition.

Question 31

Mammals belongs to the amniotes. However, mammals are different from reptiles (also amniotes) because...

A	...mammals do not produce eggs.
B	...mammals are also tetrapods.
C	...mammals have hair and mammary glands.
D	...mammals are part of the primate group.
E	...mammals have thick notochords.

Question 32

Human brain estimated to have how many neutrons?

A	500 billion
B	100 billion
C	800 billion
D	100 million
E	800 million

Question 33

Organisms wit which of the feeding mechanism has the most complex digestive system?

A	Suspension feeders
B	Fluid feeders
C	Bulk feeders
D	Substrate feeders

Question 34

During digestion, fats brake down to fatty acids and what other chemical compound?

A	Hydrochloric acid
B	Amino acids
C	Nucleotides
D	Glycerol
E	Monosaccharides

Question 35

Which of the clades, ray-finned fishes belongs to?

A	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Amniotes
B	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates
C	Chordates, Vertebrates
D	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Tetrapods, Amniotes
E	Chordates, Vertebrates, Jawed vertebrates, Tetrapods

Question 36

Where do the majority of nutrients stored in the amniotic egg?

A	Embryo
B	Amnion
C	Yolk
D	Chorion
E	Allantois

Question 37

The following diagram is a phylogenetic tree of primates. What organisms are indicated by VI and VII respectively?

A	Orangutans and Gibbons
B	Gibbons and Orangutans
C	Gorillas and Chimpanzees
D	Orangutans and Gorillas
E	Tarsiers and Gibbons

Question 38

Which of the following group best describe the first vertebrates on land?

A	Bipedal vertebrates
B	Animalia
C	Cordatas
D	Tetrapods

Question 39

Which part of this diagram of the human brain depicts the thalamus?

Image Credit: Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections by Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey and Soctt

A	Part A
B	Part C
C	Part B
D	Part D

Question 40

If two groups of organisms interbreed, but resulting organism can no longer produce viable offspring of his/her own, the system is said to be...

A	...in gametic isolation state.
B	...experiencing a reduced hybrid fertility.
C	...experiencing a reduced hybrid viability.
D	...experiencing a hybrid breakdown.
E	...in temporal isolation state.

Question 41

What is the resting potential voltage for human nervous system?

A	10 mV
B	100 mV
C	-70 mV
D	+50 mV
E	-30 mV

Question 42

What is unique about PhyloCode classification?

A	It includes a common ancestor and all its decedents.
B	It includes the new classification categories such as sub-phylums and sub-domains.
C	It includes only the evidence from DNA and other genetic materials.
D	It includes only the evidence from fossils record.

Question 43

Which of the following belongs to Peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

I. Cranial nerves
II. Spinal nerves
III. Brain
IV. Spinal cord

A	II and IV
B	III and IV
C	I, II and III
D	I and II
E	None of the listed items.
F	All of the listed items.

Question 44

The first tetrapods were most likely...

A	...sting rays with gas exchange lungs.
B	...vertebrates with complex lungs.
C	...fishes with necks and four limbs.
D	...fishes that dragged themselves from one pool of water to another.

Question 45

You open the Biology 205 exam booklet. You read the first question and realized that unlike Geology 449, you can actually answer the question using logic, reasoning and memory. After analyzing the question, you use your hand to record an answer. What are the steps which your nervous system takes to process above scenario?

A	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Central Nervous System through Peripheral Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
B	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Peripheral Nervous System through Central Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
C	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Peripheral Nervous System through Central Nervous System. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Central Nervous System.
D	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of the Central Nervous System directly. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Peripheral Nervous System.
E	Sensory receptor takes in the information and passed to the integration section of Central Nervous System directly. Once the information is processed, it is passed to organs through Central Nervous System.

Question 46

The following diagram is a phylogenetic tree of primates. What organisms are indicated by I, II, III, and IV respectively?

A	I. New World monkeys II. Old World monkeys III. Tarsiers IV. Chimpanzees
B	I. New World monkeys II. Old World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Chimpanzees
C	I. Old World monkeys II. New World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Orangutans
D	I. Tarsiers II. New World monkeys III. Gibbons IV. Orangutans
E	I. Tarsiers II. New World monkeys III. Old World monkeys IV. Gibbons

Question 47

Which of the following statements are true about vitamins and minerals?

A	While it is possible to live a healthy life without minerals, all humans must requires vitamins.
B	They are compounds usually acquired from food sources. Vitamins are organic compounds while minerals are inorganic compounds.
C	They are organic substances which human do not produce its' own. Mostly acquired from food sources.
D	There are thirty essential vitamins requirements for humans according to Health Canada guidelines.
E	They are chemicals produced by the monosccharies and absorbed through amino acids.

Question 48

The Vitamin K plays an important role in what function of the human body?

A	Blood clotting
B	Amino acid metabolism
C	Visual pigments and epithelial tissues
D	Synthesis of fat
E	Collagen synthesis

Question 49

Humans are belong to __I__ Domain and __II__ Phylum.

A	I. Eukaryota II. Primates
B	I. Eukaryota II. Chordata
C	I. Chordata II. Primates
D	I. Primates II. Homininae
E	I. Archaea II. Primates

Question 50

What is the best description for Humpback whales?

A	They are omnivores that feeds on both seaweeds and fishes.
B	They are fluid feeders.
C	They are substrate feeders.
D	They are suspension feeders.
E	They are herbivores and the primary diet is eat seaweed.

Question 51

What is the main reason for the evolutionary development of amniotes?

A	Adaptation to terrestrial environments.
B	Protect the eggs from predators.
C	As a counteraction to balance the pressure and temperature conditions of the zygote.
D	Reduce the zygote breakdown.

Question 52

In cladistics, what do you call the organisms that is known to have diverged before the linage of interest?

A	outgroup
B	drifted organisms
C	ingroup
D	derived organisms

Question 53

Which arrow shows the release of digestive enzymes by the liver?

Image Credit: Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections by Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey and Soctt

A	Arrow D
B	Arrow C
C	Arrow A
D	Arrow B

Question 54

What part of the world you expect to observe marsupials in their natural habitat (modern day)?

A	New Zealand
B	Russia and Canada
C	South Asia
D	Antarctic region.
E	China

Question 54 Explanation:

Also Australia, Central and South America.

Question 55

What is the evolutionary connection between the lungs and swim bladders?

A	Swim bladders evolved from lungs.
B	Lugs evolved from swim bladders.
C	They have no evolutionary connection because they are analogous features.
D	Both developed at the same time under same environmental conditions.

Question 56

What is the primary function of a placenta?

A	Protection of embryo from any external forces; chemical and physical.
B	Gas exchange for breathing.
C	Controlling temperature, pressure and chemical compounds for the embryo.
D	Diffusion of nutrients from mother's blood to embryo's blood.
E	Storing and processing nutrients.

Question 57

Which of the following organism is not belong to the apes category?

A	Monkeys
B	Gibbons
C	Bonobos
D	Orangutans
E	Chimpanzees

Question 57 Explanation:

But note that both monkeys and apes are part of the anthropod group.

Question 58

The fin extensions in front of the stingrays are used for...

A	...attack prey.
B	...swim against the currents.
C	...funnel in water for suspension feeding.
D	...move on the seabed and for sediment filtering.

Question 59

What mammal lineage do humans belong to?

A	Biotremes
B	Euterians
C	Monotremes
D	Marsupials

Question 59 Explanation:

Also known as placental mammals due to complex placentas.

Question 60

In a hot arid environment, evolution prefer organisms with what type of adaptation(s)?

A	Organisms with lungs instead of a skin-bases gas exchanges.
B	Organisms with endohermic metabolism.
C	Organisms with ectothermic metabolism.
D	Organisms that can store high volume of water within their bodies.
E	Organisms that have the ability to fly therefore allowing them to migrate to locations with more food/water.

Question 61

Why do chameleons change colour?

A	To communicate with each other.
B	To blend into the surrounding environment.
C	To warn the predators.
D	For altruism and mimicry where one individual or more benefited by changing appearance,

Question 62

What is the relationship between evolution of feathers and flight?

A	There is no relationship between them because feathers are just skin protectors.
B	The flight and feathers evolved at the same time.
C	The feathers evolved first as an insulation mechanism and later the flight was evolved.
D	It is difficult to prove the connection between feathers and flight due to lack of scientific evidence.
E	The flight evolved first then feathers evolved to insulate high flying birds from old air masses.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. K. Ruckstuhl during Fall 2014.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Biology 205 Midterm II-University of Calgary

Go to: Midterm I | Midterm III | Final Exam

Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

Standing on the shoulders of giants

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Biology 205 (BIOL 205-UCAL) Midterm II

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Standing on the shoulders of giants