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Anthropology 201 (ANTH 201-UCAL) Midterm Exam II

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Question 1

What are alkaloids? (ID-PEM2-14)

A	A type of growth within the chromosome structure that lead to unfavorable mutations.
B	Secondary compounds produced and kept in plant tissues to make the plant distasteful or poisonous to herbivores.
C	A type of teeth structure that are common to aboreal primates.
D	One of the four bases of the DNA molecule. The complementary base of adenine is thymine.
E	Type of molecular evolution occurs through small changes in the molecular or cellular level.
F	Are mammals that give birth to live young that continue their development in a pouch equipped with mammary glands.

Question 2

The following is a set of data (A to F) collected by a researcher (note some formulas repeats). Which of the following dental formula(s) belongs to Prosimians? (ID-PEM2-09)

A	Dental formulas A, D only
B	Dental formulas A, G , E and H
C	Dental formulas B , G , E and H
D	Dental formulas A, E, F and H
E	Dental formulas A, C only
F	Dental formula A only
G	Dental formulas A, G only

Question 3

Which of the following best describe parental investment among primates? (ID-PEM2-18)

A	Typically primates with mate guarding behavior tend to have the lowest parental investment.
B	All primates are characterized by very high parental investments compared to all other species.
C	Parental bonding increase as number of sexual partners decreases.
D	Most primate offspring have closer relationships with male parent (father) than their female parent (mother) because fathers invest in offspring the most.

Question 4

According to the taxonomy of the living primates published in 1990s, the which of the following subfamily belongs to the Prosimii suboder? (ID-PEM2-03)

A	Lemurinae
B	Aotinae
C	Cebinae
D	Callimiconinae
E	Atelinae

Question 4 Explanation: 

This is supposed to be a bit difficult question. Some professors may not ask such question on exams, but some do.

Question 5

Which of the following statement best describes cladistic taxonomy and evolutionary taxonomy? (ID-PEM2-16)

A	Cladistic taxonomy is based on both patterns of descents and patterns of overall similarity. Evolutionary taxonomy is based on patterns of descent.
B	Cladistic taxonomy is based on patterns of descents. Evolutionary taxonomy is based on genetics.
C	Cladistic taxonomy is based on patterns of descents. Evolutionary taxonomy includes both patterns of descent and patterns of overall similarity.
D	Cladistic taxonomy is based on both patterns of descents and patterns of overall similarity. Evolutionary taxonomy is based on genetics.
E	Cladistic taxonomy is based genetics. Evolutionary taxonomy includes both genetics and patterns of descents.

Question 6

Which of the following categories of organisms requires most amount of energy per body weight? (ID-PEM2-06)

A	Reproducing adults
B	Organisms with low active metabolism
C	Arboreal animals
D	Terrestrial animals
E	Infants and juveniles
F	Older generation

Question 7

Scientists use this term to describe organism whose diet consists primarily saps of trees (about 90%) and bugs for protein (rest). (ID-PEM2-07)

A	folivore
B	frugivore
C	insectivore
D	gummivore

Question 8

The average basal metabolism is effected by which of the following? (ID-PEM2-05)

A	Type of organism
B	Rate of active metabolism
C	Body size and weight
D	Amount of physical activities
E	Availability of food

Question 9

Which of the following is a primate reproductive strategy? (ID-PEM2-17)

A	Females provide most of the care for the young than their male counterparts.
B	Female reproductive success exclusively depends on their ability to find a male partner.
C	Some primates may hide their young offspring in remote isolated areas of their habitat protect them from predators.
D	Female primates are highly adapted for pregnancy and lactation hence require very small amount of additional energy for such reproductive activities.
E	Very young females reproduce more successfully than middle-aged and very old females.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the theory of mind? (ID-PEM2-19)

A	It is a methodology for analyzing interactions between organisms of the same species from psychological point of view.
B	It is a methodology to analyze mental state of different organisms.
C	It is a theory that state all primates are capable of advanced behaviors, similar to that of humans, with exposure to proper training.
D	None of the answers posted here are correct.
E	It states that some organisms have the capacity to be aware of thought, knowledge and perceptions of others.

Question 11

Which of the following statement best describe our relationship to primates? (ID-PEM2-01)

A	Primates are our closest relatives.
B	Primates are our direct ancestors.
C	Almost all primates are tree dwellers.
D	Primates have limited diversity compared to humans due to limited specializations within the gene pool.

Question 12

The following is a set of data (A to F) collected by a researcher (note some formulas repeats). Which of the following dental formula belongs to Old World monkeys, apes and humans? (ID-PEM2-08)

A	Dental formula F
B	Dental formula D
C	Dental formula H
D	Dental formula C
E	Dental formula B
F	Dental formula A
G	Dental formula E
H	Dental formula G

Question 13

Our brains account for just 2% of our total body weight, but they consume about 50% of our metabolic energy. (ID-PEM2-20)

A	Above statement is false because it is impossible to measure variables stated above due to great diversity among humans.
B	Above statement is false because human brain only consumes about 20% of our metabolic energy.
C	Above statement is true.
D	Above statement is false because human brain is about 5% of our total body weight and our brain only consumes about 10% of our metabolic energy.
E	Above statement is false because human brain is about 5% of our total body weight.

Question 14

Large and prominent incisors in dental signature is often associated with what type of primates? (ID-PEM2-10)

A	Primates who are non-arboreal.
B	Primates who rely heavily on gum as their primary food source.
C	Primates who rely heavily on scavenging (feed on dead animal) to obtain food.
D	None of the primates have large and prominent incisors.
E	Primates who rely heavily on predatory behaviors (hunting) to obtain food.

Question 15

Where were most of the primates fossils found? (ID-PEM2-02)

A	Within or close to mountain ranges
B	Close to the Equator
C	Close to the North Pole
D	Within North America
E	Within Northern Africa

Question 15 Explanation: 

You should also know that primates are mainly restricted to tropical regions of the world.

Question 16

What is basal metabolic rate? (ID-PEM2-04)

A	The rate in which an organism expends energy to survive (moving around, fighting predators, etc) in the wild without any human intervention.
B	The rate in which an animal expends energy for mating and reproduction.
C	None of the answers are correct.
D	The rate in which an animal expends energy for genetic diversification.
E	The rate at which an animal expends energy to maintain life when at rest.

Question 17

What is sexual dimorphism? (ID-PEM2-13)

A	Distinct genetic differences between the sexes of an animal within the same species.
B	Distinct genetic and morphological condition that will untimely prevent either successful mating or fertilization of embryos in primates.
C	Distinct genetic differences between the sexes of different species of animals hence restricting the changes of cross-breeding.
D	Distinct difference in size or appearance between the sexes of an animal in addition to difference between the sexual organs themselves.

Question 18

Polyandry from of social group among primates has which of the characteristic? (ID-PEM2-15)

A	One male is paired with two or more females.
B	Females maintain separate home ranges or territories and associate mainly with their dependent offspring.
C	One adult male and one female form a mating relationship and share a territory with their immature offspring.
D	One female is paired with two or more males.
E	Groups are composed of several adult males, adult females, and immature animals.

Question 19

Homologous structures among animals are... (ID-PEM2-12)

A	similar in function, but of different basic structure.
B	all recorded in the fossils found across the world.
C	different in different animals, but are modifications of the same basic structure.
D	all produced by the same gene across different populations.

Question 20

Which of the following statement is correct about primates behavior? (ID-PEM2-11)

A	All primates have home ranges, but only some species are territorial.
B	All primates species are territorial.
C	All primates are arboreal animals.
D	Social groups are always highly beneficial to individual primate.
E	All primates species compete vigorously for mating rights.

Question 21

What is intersexual selection? (ID-PEM2-21)

A	It occurs when sexual partners are chosen by the males which they mate.
B	It is a form of mating system where dominant male or females have the greatest access to reproductive rights (partners, foods, etc).
C	It occurs when a specific genetic condition is associated with sex chromosomes.
D	It occurs when sexual partners are chosen by the females which they mate.

Question 22

What is the most likely reason for infanticide among primates? (ID-PEM2-22)

A	Used as a method to remove undesirable phenotype (eg. disable).
B	Reduce population growth hence lowering population pressures.
C	Used as a reproductive strategy.
D	Reduce competition for resources such as food and shelter for the future generation.
E	Control hierarchy of the pack.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, TBA during Winter 2013 and textbook ISBN-978-0-393-93271-3. This version has been updated on between September and December 2015.
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