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Anthropology 201 (ANTH 201-UCAL) Midterm Exam II

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Question 1

Large and prominent incisors in dental signature is often associated with what type of primates? (ID-PEM2-10)

A	Primates who rely heavily on gum as their primary food source.
B	Primates who are non-arboreal.
C	Primates who rely heavily on scavenging (feed on dead animal) to obtain food.
D	None of the primates have large and prominent incisors.
E	Primates who rely heavily on predatory behaviors (hunting) to obtain food.

Question 2

Polyandry from of social group among primates has which of the characteristic? (ID-PEM2-15)

A	Females maintain separate home ranges or territories and associate mainly with their dependent offspring.
B	Groups are composed of several adult males, adult females, and immature animals.
C	One male is paired with two or more females.
D	One female is paired with two or more males.
E	One adult male and one female form a mating relationship and share a territory with their immature offspring.

Question 3

The average basal metabolism is effected by which of the following? (ID-PEM2-05)

A	Amount of physical activities
B	Body size and weight
C	Availability of food
D	Type of organism
E	Rate of active metabolism

Question 4

What is sexual dimorphism? (ID-PEM2-13)

A	Distinct genetic differences between the sexes of different species of animals hence restricting the changes of cross-breeding.
B	Distinct difference in size or appearance between the sexes of an animal in addition to difference between the sexual organs themselves.
C	Distinct genetic differences between the sexes of an animal within the same species.
D	Distinct genetic and morphological condition that will untimely prevent either successful mating or fertilization of embryos in primates.

Question 5

Our brains account for just 2% of our total body weight, but they consume about 50% of our metabolic energy. (ID-PEM2-20)

A	Above statement is true.
B	Above statement is false because it is impossible to measure variables stated above due to great diversity among humans.
C	Above statement is false because human brain is about 5% of our total body weight.
D	Above statement is false because human brain only consumes about 20% of our metabolic energy.
E	Above statement is false because human brain is about 5% of our total body weight and our brain only consumes about 10% of our metabolic energy.

Question 6

According to the taxonomy of the living primates published in 1990s, the which of the following subfamily belongs to the Prosimii suboder? (ID-PEM2-03)

A	Cebinae
B	Lemurinae
C	Aotinae
D	Atelinae
E	Callimiconinae

Question 6 Explanation: 

This is supposed to be a bit difficult question. Some professors may not ask such question on exams, but some do.

Question 7

Which of the following statement is correct about primates behavior? (ID-PEM2-11)

A	All primates are arboreal animals.
B	All primates species compete vigorously for mating rights.
C	Social groups are always highly beneficial to individual primate.
D	All primates have home ranges, but only some species are territorial.
E	All primates species are territorial.

Question 8

Which of the following best describe parental investment among primates? (ID-PEM2-18)

A	Most primate offspring have closer relationships with male parent (father) than their female parent (mother) because fathers invest in offspring the most.
B	Parental bonding increase as number of sexual partners decreases.
C	All primates are characterized by very high parental investments compared to all other species.
D	Typically primates with mate guarding behavior tend to have the lowest parental investment.

Question 9

Where were most of the primates fossils found? (ID-PEM2-02)

A	Within North America
B	Close to the Equator
C	Within Northern Africa
D	Close to the North Pole
E	Within or close to mountain ranges

Question 9 Explanation: 

You should also know that primates are mainly restricted to tropical regions of the world.

Question 10

The following is a set of data (A to F) collected by a researcher (note some formulas repeats). Which of the following dental formula belongs to Old World monkeys, apes and humans? (ID-PEM2-08)

A	Dental formula F
B	Dental formula H
C	Dental formula C
D	Dental formula A
E	Dental formula D
F	Dental formula G
G	Dental formula E
H	Dental formula B

Question 11

What is intersexual selection? (ID-PEM2-21)

A	It is a form of mating system where dominant male or females have the greatest access to reproductive rights (partners, foods, etc).
B	It occurs when sexual partners are chosen by the males which they mate.
C	It occurs when a specific genetic condition is associated with sex chromosomes.
D	It occurs when sexual partners are chosen by the females which they mate.

Question 12

Scientists use this term to describe organism whose diet consists primarily saps of trees (about 90%) and bugs for protein (rest). (ID-PEM2-07)

A	frugivore
B	folivore
C	gummivore
D	insectivore

Question 13

Homologous structures among animals are... (ID-PEM2-12)

A	all recorded in the fossils found across the world.
B	similar in function, but of different basic structure.
C	all produced by the same gene across different populations.
D	different in different animals, but are modifications of the same basic structure.

Question 14

Which of the following statement best describe our relationship to primates? (ID-PEM2-01)

A	Primates are our closest relatives.
B	Primates have limited diversity compared to humans due to limited specializations within the gene pool.
C	Primates are our direct ancestors.
D	Almost all primates are tree dwellers.

Question 15

Which of the following is a primate reproductive strategy? (ID-PEM2-17)

A	Female primates are highly adapted for pregnancy and lactation hence require very small amount of additional energy for such reproductive activities.
B	Female reproductive success exclusively depends on their ability to find a male partner.
C	Some primates may hide their young offspring in remote isolated areas of their habitat protect them from predators.
D	Very young females reproduce more successfully than middle-aged and very old females.
E	Females provide most of the care for the young than their male counterparts.

Question 16

Which of the following categories of organisms requires most amount of energy per body weight? (ID-PEM2-06)

A	Reproducing adults
B	Arboreal animals
C	Older generation
D	Organisms with low active metabolism
E	Terrestrial animals
F	Infants and juveniles

Question 17

Which of the following statement best describes cladistic taxonomy and evolutionary taxonomy? (ID-PEM2-16)

A	Cladistic taxonomy is based on both patterns of descents and patterns of overall similarity. Evolutionary taxonomy is based on patterns of descent.
B	Cladistic taxonomy is based on patterns of descents. Evolutionary taxonomy is based on genetics.
C	Cladistic taxonomy is based genetics. Evolutionary taxonomy includes both genetics and patterns of descents.
D	Cladistic taxonomy is based on patterns of descents. Evolutionary taxonomy includes both patterns of descent and patterns of overall similarity.
E	Cladistic taxonomy is based on both patterns of descents and patterns of overall similarity. Evolutionary taxonomy is based on genetics.

Question 18

What are alkaloids? (ID-PEM2-14)

A	Secondary compounds produced and kept in plant tissues to make the plant distasteful or poisonous to herbivores.
B	Type of molecular evolution occurs through small changes in the molecular or cellular level.
C	A type of growth within the chromosome structure that lead to unfavorable mutations.
D	A type of teeth structure that are common to aboreal primates.
E	Are mammals that give birth to live young that continue their development in a pouch equipped with mammary glands.
F	One of the four bases of the DNA molecule. The complementary base of adenine is thymine.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the theory of mind? (ID-PEM2-19)

A	It is a methodology for analyzing interactions between organisms of the same species from psychological point of view.
B	It is a theory that state all primates are capable of advanced behaviors, similar to that of humans, with exposure to proper training.
C	It states that some organisms have the capacity to be aware of thought, knowledge and perceptions of others.
D	None of the answers posted here are correct.
E	It is a methodology to analyze mental state of different organisms.

Question 20

The following is a set of data (A to F) collected by a researcher (note some formulas repeats). Which of the following dental formula(s) belongs to Prosimians? (ID-PEM2-09)

A	Dental formulas B , G , E and H
B	Dental formulas A, G only
C	Dental formulas A, G , E and H
D	Dental formulas A, D only
E	Dental formulas A, C only
F	Dental formula A only
G	Dental formulas A, E, F and H

Question 21

What is the most likely reason for infanticide among primates? (ID-PEM2-22)

A	Reduce population growth hence lowering population pressures.
B	Used as a reproductive strategy.
C	Reduce competition for resources such as food and shelter for the future generation.
D	Used as a method to remove undesirable phenotype (eg. disable).
E	Control hierarchy of the pack.

Question 22

What is basal metabolic rate? (ID-PEM2-04)

A	The rate in which an animal expends energy for genetic diversification.
B	The rate in which an organism expends energy to survive (moving around, fighting predators, etc) in the wild without any human intervention.
C	The rate in which an animal expends energy for mating and reproduction.
D	None of the answers are correct.
E	The rate at which an animal expends energy to maintain life when at rest.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, TBA during Winter 2013 and textbook ISBN-978-0-393-93271-3. This version has been updated on between September and December 2015.
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