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Anthropology 201 (ANTH 201-UCAL) Midterm Exam II

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Question 1

Which of the following is a primate reproductive strategy? (ID-PEM2-17)

A	Very young females reproduce more successfully than middle-aged and very old females.
B	Females provide most of the care for the young than their male counterparts.
C	Female primates are highly adapted for pregnancy and lactation hence require very small amount of additional energy for such reproductive activities.
D	Female reproductive success exclusively depends on their ability to find a male partner.
E	Some primates may hide their young offspring in remote isolated areas of their habitat protect them from predators.

Question 2

The following is a set of data (A to F) collected by a researcher (note some formulas repeats). Which of the following dental formula(s) belongs to Prosimians? (ID-PEM2-09)

A	Dental formulas A, D only
B	Dental formula A only
C	Dental formulas A, E, F and H
D	Dental formulas B , G , E and H
E	Dental formulas A, C only
F	Dental formulas A, G only
G	Dental formulas A, G , E and H

Question 3

Which of the following best describe parental investment among primates? (ID-PEM2-18)

A	Parental bonding increase as number of sexual partners decreases.
B	Most primate offspring have closer relationships with male parent (father) than their female parent (mother) because fathers invest in offspring the most.
C	Typically primates with mate guarding behavior tend to have the lowest parental investment.
D	All primates are characterized by very high parental investments compared to all other species.

Question 4

What is intersexual selection? (ID-PEM2-21)

A	It occurs when a specific genetic condition is associated with sex chromosomes.
B	It occurs when sexual partners are chosen by the males which they mate.
C	It is a form of mating system where dominant male or females have the greatest access to reproductive rights (partners, foods, etc).
D	It occurs when sexual partners are chosen by the females which they mate.

Question 5

The following is a set of data (A to F) collected by a researcher (note some formulas repeats). Which of the following dental formula belongs to Old World monkeys, apes and humans? (ID-PEM2-08)

A	Dental formula F
B	Dental formula C
C	Dental formula E
D	Dental formula B
E	Dental formula H
F	Dental formula A
G	Dental formula D
H	Dental formula G

Question 6

The average basal metabolism is effected by which of the following? (ID-PEM2-05)

A	Amount of physical activities
B	Type of organism
C	Body size and weight
D	Rate of active metabolism
E	Availability of food

Question 7

Which of the following statement is correct about primates behavior? (ID-PEM2-11)

A	Social groups are always highly beneficial to individual primate.
B	All primates are arboreal animals.
C	All primates species are territorial.
D	All primates have home ranges, but only some species are territorial.
E	All primates species compete vigorously for mating rights.

Question 8

Scientists use this term to describe organism whose diet consists primarily saps of trees (about 90%) and bugs for protein (rest). (ID-PEM2-07)

A	folivore
B	insectivore
C	gummivore
D	frugivore

Question 9

What is basal metabolic rate? (ID-PEM2-04)

A	None of the answers are correct.
B	The rate in which an organism expends energy to survive (moving around, fighting predators, etc) in the wild without any human intervention.
C	The rate at which an animal expends energy to maintain life when at rest.
D	The rate in which an animal expends energy for mating and reproduction.
E	The rate in which an animal expends energy for genetic diversification.

Question 10

Which of the following statement best describe our relationship to primates? (ID-PEM2-01)

A	Almost all primates are tree dwellers.
B	Primates have limited diversity compared to humans due to limited specializations within the gene pool.
C	Primates are our direct ancestors.
D	Primates are our closest relatives.

Question 11

Our brains account for just 2% of our total body weight, but they consume about 50% of our metabolic energy. (ID-PEM2-20)

A	Above statement is false because human brain is about 5% of our total body weight.
B	Above statement is false because human brain is about 5% of our total body weight and our brain only consumes about 10% of our metabolic energy.
C	Above statement is true.
D	Above statement is false because it is impossible to measure variables stated above due to great diversity among humans.
E	Above statement is false because human brain only consumes about 20% of our metabolic energy.

Question 12

Which of the following statement best describes cladistic taxonomy and evolutionary taxonomy? (ID-PEM2-16)

A	Cladistic taxonomy is based on both patterns of descents and patterns of overall similarity. Evolutionary taxonomy is based on genetics.
B	Cladistic taxonomy is based on both patterns of descents and patterns of overall similarity. Evolutionary taxonomy is based on patterns of descent.
C	Cladistic taxonomy is based genetics. Evolutionary taxonomy includes both genetics and patterns of descents.
D	Cladistic taxonomy is based on patterns of descents. Evolutionary taxonomy includes both patterns of descent and patterns of overall similarity.
E	Cladistic taxonomy is based on patterns of descents. Evolutionary taxonomy is based on genetics.

Question 13

Which of the following categories of organisms requires most amount of energy per body weight? (ID-PEM2-06)

A	Arboreal animals
B	Reproducing adults
C	Older generation
D	Organisms with low active metabolism
E	Infants and juveniles
F	Terrestrial animals

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the theory of mind? (ID-PEM2-19)

A	It is a methodology to analyze mental state of different organisms.
B	It is a theory that state all primates are capable of advanced behaviors, similar to that of humans, with exposure to proper training.
C	None of the answers posted here are correct.
D	It is a methodology for analyzing interactions between organisms of the same species from psychological point of view.
E	It states that some organisms have the capacity to be aware of thought, knowledge and perceptions of others.

Question 15

What are alkaloids? (ID-PEM2-14)

A	A type of teeth structure that are common to aboreal primates.
B	A type of growth within the chromosome structure that lead to unfavorable mutations.
C	Are mammals that give birth to live young that continue their development in a pouch equipped with mammary glands.
D	Secondary compounds produced and kept in plant tissues to make the plant distasteful or poisonous to herbivores.
E	Type of molecular evolution occurs through small changes in the molecular or cellular level.
F	One of the four bases of the DNA molecule. The complementary base of adenine is thymine.

Question 16

Where were most of the primates fossils found? (ID-PEM2-02)

A	Close to the Equator
B	Within North America
C	Close to the North Pole
D	Within Northern Africa
E	Within or close to mountain ranges

Question 16 Explanation: 

You should also know that primates are mainly restricted to tropical regions of the world.

Question 17

Polyandry from of social group among primates has which of the characteristic? (ID-PEM2-15)

A	Females maintain separate home ranges or territories and associate mainly with their dependent offspring.
B	One female is paired with two or more males.
C	One adult male and one female form a mating relationship and share a territory with their immature offspring.
D	Groups are composed of several adult males, adult females, and immature animals.
E	One male is paired with two or more females.

Question 18

What is the most likely reason for infanticide among primates? (ID-PEM2-22)

A	Used as a method to remove undesirable phenotype (eg. disable).
B	Used as a reproductive strategy.
C	Control hierarchy of the pack.
D	Reduce population growth hence lowering population pressures.
E	Reduce competition for resources such as food and shelter for the future generation.

Question 19

Homologous structures among animals are... (ID-PEM2-12)

A	different in different animals, but are modifications of the same basic structure.
B	similar in function, but of different basic structure.
C	all produced by the same gene across different populations.
D	all recorded in the fossils found across the world.

Question 20

What is sexual dimorphism? (ID-PEM2-13)

A	Distinct genetic differences between the sexes of an animal within the same species.
B	Distinct genetic and morphological condition that will untimely prevent either successful mating or fertilization of embryos in primates.
C	Distinct genetic differences between the sexes of different species of animals hence restricting the changes of cross-breeding.
D	Distinct difference in size or appearance between the sexes of an animal in addition to difference between the sexual organs themselves.

Question 21

According to the taxonomy of the living primates published in 1990s, the which of the following subfamily belongs to the Prosimii suboder? (ID-PEM2-03)

A	Callimiconinae
B	Cebinae
C	Aotinae
D	Atelinae
E	Lemurinae

Question 21 Explanation: 

This is supposed to be a bit difficult question. Some professors may not ask such question on exams, but some do.

Question 22

Large and prominent incisors in dental signature is often associated with what type of primates? (ID-PEM2-10)

A	Primates who rely heavily on predatory behaviors (hunting) to obtain food.
B	Primates who rely heavily on gum as their primary food source.
C	None of the primates have large and prominent incisors.
D	Primates who rely heavily on scavenging (feed on dead animal) to obtain food.
E	Primates who are non-arboreal.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, TBA during Winter 2013 and textbook ISBN-978-0-393-93271-3. This version has been updated on between September and December 2015.
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