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Anthropology 201 (ANTH 201-UCAL) Midterm Exam II

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Question 1

Which of the following best describe parental investment among primates? (ID-PEM2-18)

A	Parental bonding increase as number of sexual partners decreases.
B	Most primate offspring have closer relationships with male parent (father) than their female parent (mother) because fathers invest in offspring the most.
C	All primates are characterized by very high parental investments compared to all other species.
D	Typically primates with mate guarding behavior tend to have the lowest parental investment.

Question 2

Scientists use this term to describe organism whose diet consists primarily saps of trees (about 90%) and bugs for protein (rest). (ID-PEM2-07)

A	frugivore
B	folivore
C	insectivore
D	gummivore

Question 3

Which of the following categories of organisms requires most amount of energy per body weight? (ID-PEM2-06)

A	Arboreal animals
B	Organisms with low active metabolism
C	Terrestrial animals
D	Infants and juveniles
E	Reproducing adults
F	Older generation

Question 4

The following is a set of data (A to F) collected by a researcher (note some formulas repeats). Which of the following dental formula belongs to Old World monkeys, apes and humans? (ID-PEM2-08)

A	Dental formula D
B	Dental formula B
C	Dental formula G
D	Dental formula H
E	Dental formula C
F	Dental formula F
G	Dental formula A
H	Dental formula E

Question 5

What is sexual dimorphism? (ID-PEM2-13)

A	Distinct genetic differences between the sexes of an animal within the same species.
B	Distinct genetic differences between the sexes of different species of animals hence restricting the changes of cross-breeding.
C	Distinct difference in size or appearance between the sexes of an animal in addition to difference between the sexual organs themselves.
D	Distinct genetic and morphological condition that will untimely prevent either successful mating or fertilization of embryos in primates.

Question 6

What is the most likely reason for infanticide among primates? (ID-PEM2-22)

A	Used as a reproductive strategy.
B	Reduce population growth hence lowering population pressures.
C	Reduce competition for resources such as food and shelter for the future generation.
D	Control hierarchy of the pack.
E	Used as a method to remove undesirable phenotype (eg. disable).

Question 7

Our brains account for just 2% of our total body weight, but they consume about 50% of our metabolic energy. (ID-PEM2-20)

A	Above statement is false because human brain is about 5% of our total body weight.
B	Above statement is false because it is impossible to measure variables stated above due to great diversity among humans.
C	Above statement is false because human brain is about 5% of our total body weight and our brain only consumes about 10% of our metabolic energy.
D	Above statement is true.
E	Above statement is false because human brain only consumes about 20% of our metabolic energy.

Question 8

Which of the following statement best describes cladistic taxonomy and evolutionary taxonomy? (ID-PEM2-16)

A	Cladistic taxonomy is based on patterns of descents. Evolutionary taxonomy is based on genetics.
B	Cladistic taxonomy is based on both patterns of descents and patterns of overall similarity. Evolutionary taxonomy is based on genetics.
C	Cladistic taxonomy is based on both patterns of descents and patterns of overall similarity. Evolutionary taxonomy is based on patterns of descent.
D	Cladistic taxonomy is based on patterns of descents. Evolutionary taxonomy includes both patterns of descent and patterns of overall similarity.
E	Cladistic taxonomy is based genetics. Evolutionary taxonomy includes both genetics and patterns of descents.

Question 9

The following is a set of data (A to F) collected by a researcher (note some formulas repeats). Which of the following dental formula(s) belongs to Prosimians? (ID-PEM2-09)

A	Dental formulas B , G , E and H
B	Dental formulas A, D only
C	Dental formula A only
D	Dental formulas A, E, F and H
E	Dental formulas A, G only
F	Dental formulas A, G , E and H
G	Dental formulas A, C only

Question 10

Which of the following is a primate reproductive strategy? (ID-PEM2-17)

A	Females provide most of the care for the young than their male counterparts.
B	Very young females reproduce more successfully than middle-aged and very old females.
C	Some primates may hide their young offspring in remote isolated areas of their habitat protect them from predators.
D	Female reproductive success exclusively depends on their ability to find a male partner.
E	Female primates are highly adapted for pregnancy and lactation hence require very small amount of additional energy for such reproductive activities.

Question 11

The average basal metabolism is effected by which of the following? (ID-PEM2-05)

A	Amount of physical activities
B	Type of organism
C	Availability of food
D	Rate of active metabolism
E	Body size and weight

Question 12

Polyandry from of social group among primates has which of the characteristic? (ID-PEM2-15)

A	Groups are composed of several adult males, adult females, and immature animals.
B	Females maintain separate home ranges or territories and associate mainly with their dependent offspring.
C	One female is paired with two or more males.
D	One male is paired with two or more females.
E	One adult male and one female form a mating relationship and share a territory with their immature offspring.

Question 13

Homologous structures among animals are... (ID-PEM2-12)

A	similar in function, but of different basic structure.
B	all recorded in the fossils found across the world.
C	different in different animals, but are modifications of the same basic structure.
D	all produced by the same gene across different populations.

Question 14

What is intersexual selection? (ID-PEM2-21)

A	It occurs when sexual partners are chosen by the females which they mate.
B	It occurs when sexual partners are chosen by the males which they mate.
C	It occurs when a specific genetic condition is associated with sex chromosomes.
D	It is a form of mating system where dominant male or females have the greatest access to reproductive rights (partners, foods, etc).

Question 15

Large and prominent incisors in dental signature is often associated with what type of primates? (ID-PEM2-10)

A	Primates who rely heavily on scavenging (feed on dead animal) to obtain food.
B	Primates who are non-arboreal.
C	None of the primates have large and prominent incisors.
D	Primates who rely heavily on gum as their primary food source.
E	Primates who rely heavily on predatory behaviors (hunting) to obtain food.

Question 16

According to the taxonomy of the living primates published in 1990s, the which of the following subfamily belongs to the Prosimii suboder? (ID-PEM2-03)

A	Atelinae
B	Cebinae
C	Callimiconinae
D	Lemurinae
E	Aotinae

Question 16 Explanation: 

This is supposed to be a bit difficult question. Some professors may not ask such question on exams, but some do.

Question 17

What is basal metabolic rate? (ID-PEM2-04)

A	The rate at which an animal expends energy to maintain life when at rest.
B	The rate in which an animal expends energy for genetic diversification.
C	The rate in which an organism expends energy to survive (moving around, fighting predators, etc) in the wild without any human intervention.
D	The rate in which an animal expends energy for mating and reproduction.
E	None of the answers are correct.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the theory of mind? (ID-PEM2-19)

A	It states that some organisms have the capacity to be aware of thought, knowledge and perceptions of others.
B	It is a theory that state all primates are capable of advanced behaviors, similar to that of humans, with exposure to proper training.
C	None of the answers posted here are correct.
D	It is a methodology for analyzing interactions between organisms of the same species from psychological point of view.
E	It is a methodology to analyze mental state of different organisms.

Question 19

Which of the following statement is correct about primates behavior? (ID-PEM2-11)

A	All primates are arboreal animals.
B	All primates have home ranges, but only some species are territorial.
C	All primates species compete vigorously for mating rights.
D	Social groups are always highly beneficial to individual primate.
E	All primates species are territorial.

Question 20

Where were most of the primates fossils found? (ID-PEM2-02)

A	Within Northern Africa
B	Close to the North Pole
C	Within or close to mountain ranges
D	Close to the Equator
E	Within North America

Question 20 Explanation: 

You should also know that primates are mainly restricted to tropical regions of the world.

Question 21

What are alkaloids? (ID-PEM2-14)

A	Are mammals that give birth to live young that continue their development in a pouch equipped with mammary glands.
B	A type of teeth structure that are common to aboreal primates.
C	Secondary compounds produced and kept in plant tissues to make the plant distasteful or poisonous to herbivores.
D	Type of molecular evolution occurs through small changes in the molecular or cellular level.
E	A type of growth within the chromosome structure that lead to unfavorable mutations.
F	One of the four bases of the DNA molecule. The complementary base of adenine is thymine.

Question 22

Which of the following statement best describe our relationship to primates? (ID-PEM2-01)

A	Almost all primates are tree dwellers.
B	Primates are our closest relatives.
C	Primates are our direct ancestors.
D	Primates have limited diversity compared to humans due to limited specializations within the gene pool.

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, TBA during Winter 2013 and textbook ISBN-978-0-393-93271-3. This version has been updated on between September and December 2015.
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