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Geology (GLGY 423-UCAL) Final

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Question 1

The best property to identify feldspars is the unique twining.

A	False
B	True

Question 1 Explanation:

"In metamorphic rocks, and in low temperature diagenetic rocks in which secondary feldspars may grow, feldspars are typically untwinned." - Dr. Sytle Antao

Question 2

In plagioclase solid solution composition diagram, the Albite melting occur at ____ Anorthite melting point.

A	high temperatures compared to
B	same temperature as
C	low temperatures compared to

Question 3

Which of the following analytical methods should you use for determining the crystal structure of a mineral? (choose the best answer)

A	Electron Microprobe
B	SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope)
C	X-ray Diffraction
D	XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence)
E	ICP and AAS

Question 3 Explanation:

While none of the above techniques world provide good details on crystal structures, the X-ray Diffraction is the best choice.

Question 4

In X-ray Diffraction Pattern Analysis, the high intensity regions will be recorded as...

A	narrower (thinner) peaks.
B	lower (low amplitude) peaks.
C	thicker (fatter) peaks.
D	higher (high amplitude) peaks.

Question 5

Which of the following is the most dense mineral group in terms of it's chemical structure?

A	Amphiboles
B	Pyroxenes
C	Olivines

Question 6

Does (123) plain lines in the [210] zone?

A	No
B	Yes

Question 6 Explanation:

No because (1X2) + (2X1) + (3X0) is not equal to zero.

Question 7

Polymorphism is caused by differences in thermodynamic properties at different P-T conditions.

A	False
B	True

Question 8

Which of the following planes lines on the [1 1 1] zone?

A	(112)
B	(121)
C	(132)
D	(122)
E	(212)

Question 9

Which of the following is the best way to identify a mineral?

A	Chemical composition analysis.
B	Refractive Index
C	Interference Figure
D	Properties in hand sample (physical properties)
E	Birefringence

Question 10

Given the following information, calculate the wavelength in nm.
Birefringence: 0.024
Thickness of the slide: 0.03 mm

A	7.20 x 10^-4 nm
B	2.14 ^-3 nm
C	5.60 10^-4 nm
D	650 nm
E	720 nm
F	560 nm

Question 10 Explanation:

Question 11

Abundance of water in a olivine forming environment will result in formation of serpentine and talc.

A	True
B	False

Question 12

__I__ are low-T, slow cooled alkali feldspars and their Optic Axis Plane (OAP) is __II__ to 010.

A	I. Sanidine and Orthoclase II. perpendicular
B	I. Microcline and Orthoclase II. parallel
C	I. Microcline and Sanidine II. perpendicular
D	I. Microcline and Orthoclase II. perpendicular
E	I. Microcline and Sanidine II. parallel

Question 13

The length fast direction is at ___ degrees to the length slow direction.

A	between 90 - 180
B	180
C	45
D	90
E	between 45 - 90

Question 14

Which of the following is the most dense mineral in terms of it's chemical structure?

A	Carbonates
B	Andalusite
C	Kyanite
D	Epidote
E	Sillimanite

Question 15

__I__ temperature reactions will result in __II__.

A	I. low II. disordered minerals.
B	I. high II. high symmetry.
C	I. high II. ordered minerals.
D	I. low II. high symmetry.
E	I. high II. low symmetry.

Question 16

Garnets are isotropic minerals.

A	True
B	False

Question 16 Explanation:

Not always buddy!

Question 17

The chemical formula for the Pyroxene iron end-member Orthoferrosilite is Fe₂SiO₃.

A	False
B	True

Question 17 Explanation:

FeSiO₃ would be correct.

Question 18

Which cut will provide a Bxo figure for the following crystal?

Image credit: Zoltai and Stout (1985) Mineralogy: Problems and solutions

A	100
B	101
C	001
D	111
E	110

Question 19

What are the bottom two end-members of Olivine ternary diagram?

A	Faylite and Enstatite
B	Forsterite and Enstatite
C	Ferrosilite and Faylite
D	Forsterite and Faylite
E	Forsterite and Ferrosilite
F	Ferrosilite and Enstatite

Question 20

High temperature and/or dry conditions favors the growth of __I__ crystals over __II__ crystals.

A	I. pyroxenes II. olivine
B	I. orthopyroxenes II. clinopyroxenes
C	I. olivine II. pyroxenes
D	I. hydrous II. anhydrous
E	I. clinopyroxenes II. orthopyroxenes

Question 21

What is the universally accepted standard thickness of a petrographic thin section?

A	0.35 mm
B	0.003 mm
C	0.30 mm
D	30 000 nm
E	0.03 nm

Question 21 Explanation:

Remember, 30 000 nm = 0.03 mm

Question 22

What is the crystal system and the optic sign of the following crystal?

Image credit: Zoltai and Stout (1985) Mineralogy: Problems and solutions

A	Orthorhombic / negative
B	Triclinic / positive
C	Monoclinic / negative
D	Triclinic / negative
E	Monoclinic / positive
F	Orthorhombic / positive

Question 23

What is the chemical formula for Anthophyllite?

A	Ca₂Mg₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
B	Fe₇Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
C	Mg₇Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
D	Ca₂Fe₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

Question 24

The T-O-T offsets structures in clinopyroxenes are situated in such...

A	longer a - axis compared to the a-axis length of the orthopyroxenes.
B	alternating between positive and negative faces.
C	randomly arranged T-O-Ts alternates every two chains.
D	all facing the same direction.

Question 25

Electromagnetic radiation is always....

A	constructive and destructive
B	confined and non-scattering
C	constructive
D	destructive

Question 26

The following interference diagram can be best described as...

A	a biaxial Bxa negative.
B	an uniaxial Bxa negative.
C	a biaxial optic axis.
D	an uniaxial optic axis.
E	a biaxial Bxa positive.

Question 27

The chemical formula for the Pyroxene end-member Enstatite is MgSiO₃.

A	False
B	True

Question 28

What is the Miller index for 10a: 3b: 5c?

A	(1 5 3)
B	(5 3 10)
C	(1/10 1/3 1/5)
D	(10 3 5)
E	(3 10 6)

Question 29

Minerals with same/similar structure but different compositions is known as...

A	polymorphs
B	disordered
C	isomorphs
D	ordered

Question 30

Uniaxial minerals can have inclined extinction.

A	False
B	True

Question 30 Explanation:

straight and symmetrical only

Question 31

What is the crystal system and the optic sign of the following crystal?

Image credit: Zoltai and Stout (1985) Mineralogy: Problems and solutions

A	Monoclinic / negative
B	Triclinic / positive
C	Triclinic / negative
D	Monoclinic / positive
E	Orthorhombic / positive
F	Orthorhombic / negative

Question 32

The "phase-diagrams" are used to describe what type of chemical reactions?

A	Reversible chemical reactions.
B	Organic chemical reactions.
C	Rock forming chemical reactions. Hint: Not the best choice out of the given choices here.
D	Chemical reactions occurred in solid solutions.
E	Chemical reactions involving solid materials.

Question 33

Given the following information, calculate the 2θ angle.
λ = 0.3419 m
d₂₁₀ = 3.92564 Å
n = 1

A	6.495 degrees
B	4.992 degrees
C	11.48 degrees
D	2.495 degrees
E	22.96 degrees

Question 33 Explanation:

Don't forget it is asking for 2θ not theta; = 2.495 degrees.

Question 34

What is the best description for the following effect in Calcite crystals?

A	This is caused by the difference in velocities between the epsilon and omega rays.
B	This is an optical property caused by non-visible UV light interacting with the visible light spectrum.
C	This is an optical property that would only occur in Calcite crystals. Hence it is a good property for mineral identification.
D	This is a result of internal diffraction of natural light.
E	This is caused by the difference in Birefringence.

Question 35

The analytical methods, ICP and AAS will destroy the tested sample and often the same sample cannot be used for further analysis.

A	True
B	False

Question 36

Alkali feldspars may have several different types of exsolutions. Which of the following type of exsolution can only be observed under X-ray techniques?

A	Microperthite
B	Cryptoperthite
C	Antiperthite
D	Perthite
E	Macroperthite

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You may download this exam as a PDF file here.

Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Sytle Antao during Fall 2013.
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Lab final cheat sheet

Min ID Chart — Download the PDF file of mineral identification chart. Also known as the “cheat sheets” or “cheat sheet”.

Sanuja Senanayake

Geology 423 Final Exam-University of Calgary

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Geology (GLGY 423-UCAL) Final

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Geology (GLGY 423-UCAL) Final

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Standing on the shoulders of giants