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Geology (GLGY 401-UCAL) Final Exam

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Question 1

Given the following diagram and information, calculate K_Z for the vertical flow. (ID-PHF-29)

Refer to above diagram of geologic layers. Layers are labeled as A, B, C, D and E. Assume the flow of water is from top to bottom and the hydraulic head is above the layer A.

Layers A
K = 10^-3 m/s and b = 0.7
Layers B
K = 10^-6 m/s and b = 0.3
Layers C
K = 10^-3 m/s and b = 0.8
Layers D
K = 10^-6 m/s and b = 0.2
Layers E
K = 10^-4 m/s and b = 1.0

A	K_Z = 4 x 10^-4 m/s
B	K_Z = 4 x 10^-6 m/s
C	K_Z = 6 x 10^-4 m/s
D	K_Z = 6 x 10^-6 m/s

Question 2

Flow divides in groundwater flow systems are always situated in topographic highs (i.e., upland areas). (ID-PHF-04)

A	False
B	True

Question 3

The Thiemequation can be used to estimate the steady state drawdown in a confined aquifer during long-term pumping. (ID-PHF-08)

A	False
B	True

Question 4

The water level in a piezometer whose intake is located in the capillary fringe will rise to the height of the top of the capillary fringe. (ID-PHF-07)

A	True
B	False

Question 5

When can you represent the water table as a flow line on a cross-sectional flow net diagram? (ID-PHF-30)

A	If the flow system is homogeneous and isotropic.
B	If the hydraulic head equals to the elevation head.
C	If the flow system is at a steady state.
D	If all other boundaries are impermeable.
E	If there is no groundwater recharge across the water table.

Question 6

A flow net for a homogeneous, isotropic system is dependent on the boundary conditions and the hydraulic conductivity of the porous medium. (ID-PHF-06)

A	False
B	True

Question 7

The diffusive flux of a dissolved solute in free-solution (i.e., water) is greater than the diffusive flux in a saturated porous medium. (ID-PHF-09)

A	True
B	False

Question 8

The major control on land subsidence during groundwater pumping is the vertical compressibility of aquifer and aquitard materials. (ID-PHF-24)

A	True
B	False

Question 9

When utilizing Theis solution, hydrologists assume that all of the water pumped comes from storage and/or recharge and the aquifer is homogeneous. (ID-PHF-26)

A	False
B	True

Question 10

The greater the groundwater flow velocity, the greater the longitudinal dispersivity. (ID-PHF-03)

A	False
B	True

Question 10 Explanation:

Dispersivity is independent of the velocity because it is a function of the medium. Dispersion however is effected by the velocity.

Question 11

In most groundwater basins, recharge is greater than discharge on an annual basis. (ID-PHF-02)

A	False
B	True

Question 12

In a solute progression along a column experiment, the zone of spreading is at the front of the fully concentrated zone most of the time. (ID-PHF-17)

A	False
B	True

Question 13

The hydraulic gradient is the hydraulic head difference between any two points in a groundwater flow system divided by the distance between those same two points. (ID-PHF-13)

A	True
B	False

Question 13 Explanation:

Must be in the direction of the flow NOT any random two points.

Question 14

The most active region of the subsurface in terms of chemical, biological and hydrologic activity can be defined as Vadose Zone. (ID-PHF-22)

A	True
B	False

Question 15

The Theis solution can be used to solve problems regardless of the pumping rate of the test well. (ID-PHF-27)

A	False
B	True

Question 15 Explanation:

The pumping rate must be constant.

Question 16

There is no sorption of contaminants during transport, if the _____ is equal to zero. (ID-PHF-32)

A	distribution coefficient
B	dispersion coefficient
C	retardation factor
D	transverse dispersivity
E	longitudinal dispersivity

Question 17

Lower sorption will result in increased in retardation factor. (ID-PHF-23)

A	False
B	True

Question 18

Slug tests provide a reliable estimate of both hydraulic conductivity, K, and specific storage, S_s. (ID-PHF-10)

A	True
B	False

Question 19

The tortuosity empirical coefficient, ω is always less than 1. (ID-PHF-18)

A	False
B	True

Question 20

The storativityof an unconfined aquifer is essentially equal to the specific yield. (ID-PHF-14)

A	False
B	True

Question 21

When drawing a cross-sectional flow net, the water table can be represented as a flowline when all boundaries are impermeable (no flow) boundaries. (ID-PHF-25)

A	True
B	False

Question 21 Explanation:

This is true if there is no groundwater recharge across the water table.

Question 22

What is the major control on land subsidence during groundwater pumping? (ID-PHF-31)

A	Rate or probability of developing sinkholes.
B	Increase in pore water pressure within the aquifer.
C	Inelastic response of the naturally porous media.
D	Compaction of the solid grains and enlargement of the void spaces.
E	Vertical compressibility of aquifer and aquitard materials.

Question 23

Sorption can be defined as a chemical process. (ID-PHF-15)

A	True
B	False

Question 23 Explanation:

It is a Physical or Mechanical process. No amount of material is removed from the medium.

Question 24

The increase in concentration of pollutant in groundwater is proportional to the the sorption rate. (ID-PHF-16)

A	False
B	True

Question 25

A small scale radioactive spill can be considered as an instantaneous injection of pollutants to groundwater system. (ID-PHF-19)

A	True
B	False

Question 25 Explanation:

Anything radioactive is usually considered as continuous spill due to the fact that it takes years to decompose.

Question 26

Waste lagoons, septic systems, mine tailing and radioactive waste injection sites can be considered as point sources. (ID-PHF-21)

A	False
B	True

Question 27

Specific discharge is the volumetric discharge per unit area of porous medium perpendicular to the direction of groundwater flow. (ID-PHF-01)

A	True
B	False

Question 28

Growndwater flow velocities are always lower than that of the regional water flow (on ground) water velocities. (ID-PHF-20)

A	False
B	True

Question 28 Explanation:

Could be either way... In a arid environment the gw flow could be faster than the general landwater flows.

Question 29

Kinetic and pressure potential are two important components of groundwater hydraulic potential. (ID-PHF-11)

A	True
B	False

Question 30

Following gravity drainage of water from a given soil, residual water will tend to occupy the smallest pores in the soil. (ID-PHF-05)

A	False
B	True

Question 31

The hydraulic head distribution in a homogeneous, isotropic system is dependent on the boundary conditions and the hydraulic conductivity of the porous medium. (ID-PHF-12)

A	True
B	False

Question 31 Explanation:

This part is wrong... and the hydraulic conductivity of the porous medium

Question 32

Cooper and Jacob used the Theis solution to approximate the transmissivity and storativity. It is best used in confined aquifers with very small values for the radius of influence over a very long period of time. (ID-PHF-28)

A	True
B	False

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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Edwin Cey during Fall 2013.
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Sanuja Senanayake

Geology 401 Final Exam-University of Calgary

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Geology (GLGY 401-UCAL) Final Exam

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Geology (GLGY 401-UCAL) Final Exam

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