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Go to: Midterm Exam
Geology (GLGY 201-UCAL) Final Exam
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Question 1 |
What is 3L on the following diagram? (ID-GLF-20)
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this question without using any AIDS.
A | Triassic |
B | Jurassic |
C | Ordovician |
D | Pennsylvanian |
E | Devonian |
Question 2 |
A | Orogeny |
B | Isostasy |
C | Induced stability |
D | Equilibrium |
Question 3 |
I. Deposition and folding of units 1 to 7
II. Intrusion of the granite pluton
III. Deposition of units A to C
IV. Formation of the unconformity
V. Faulting
VI. Intrusion of the gabbro dyke
A | I (oldest) , III , VI , IV , II , V (youngest) |
B | V (oldest) , III , VI , IV , II , I (youngest) |
C | I (oldest) , II , VI , IV , III , V (youngest) |
D | VI (oldest) , I , III , V , II , IV (youngest) |
E | VI (oldest) , II , III , IV , I , V (youngest) |
F | V (oldest) , II , VI , IV , III , I (youngest) |
Question 4 |
A | S-waves disappeared at the mantle-outer core boundary |
B | P-waves disappeared at the mantle-outer core boundary |
C | L-waves disappeared at the mantle-outer core boundary |
D | R-waves disappeared at the mantle-outer core boundary |
Question 5 |
A | Monthly |
B | Weekly |
C | Daily |
D | Yearly |
Question 6 |
A | Around the 10 km altitude. |
B | Around the 45 km altitude. |
C | Between Mesosphere and Troposphere. |
D | Between Mesosphere and Stratosphere. |
E | Between Mesosphere and Thermosphere. |
Question 7 |
A | I. subsurface structures that allow free flow of water II. subsurface regions where water accumulates |
B | I. subsurface regions where water accumulates II. subsurface structures that allow free flow of water |
C | I. sediment or rock structures that has very low permeability II. sediment or rock structures that has very high permeability |
D | I. also known as vadose zones II. also known as zones of saturation |
E | I. geologic materials that transmit water II. geologic materials that act as a barrier to flow |
F | I. geologic materials that act as a barrier to flow II. geologic materials that act as a barrier to flow |
Question 8 |
A | 15 - 20 km |
B | 40 - 50 km |
C | 5 - 7km |
D | 500 - 1000 m |
E | 1000 - 1500 m |
Question 9 |
A | Human interference such as construction and nuclear detonations |
B | Magma migration |
C | Crustal fault slips |
D | Sudden changes in mineral structures |
E | Volcanic eruptions |
Question 10 |
A | retains the primary igneous structures. |
B | change its location |
C | change its orientation |
D | change its shape by shortening |
E | most likely maintain the original mineral composition |
Question 11 |
A | Appalachian orogeny occurred at the same time as the Grenville orogeny. |
B | Appalachian orogeny is occurred as a result of four separate continental collisions. Hint: Three separate continental collisions. |
C | Allegheny Mountains formed before the both of the Appalachian and Grenville orogenies. |
D | Appalachian orogeny occurred after the Grenville orogeny. |
Question 12 |
A | graded deposits. |
B | stream terraces. |
C | alluvium fan. |
D | braided plane. |
E | alluvium. |
Question 13 |
A | About 10 km |
B | About 30 km |
C | About 5 km |
D | About 100 km |
E | About 1 km |
Question 14 |
A | None of the listed answers are correct. |
B | An area where geoscientists predicted to have an earthquake in near future. |
C | The epicenter of an earthquake. |
D | An area that has been known to have earthquakes in high frequency in the past. |
E | An area that is damaged by a recent earthquake. |
Question 15 |
A | Erosion of high standing sedimentary structures and subsequent deposition of the materials downstream. |
B | Deposits of rock fragments and sediments left behind after a glacier has migrated through a region. |
C | Accumulation of microscopic shells and file flakes of clay at the ocean floor. |
D | Deposition of organic matter on terrestrial sediments due to decay of plants and organisms. |
E | Sudden decrease in energy of a river system result in accumulation of the bedloard. |
Question 16 |
A | Convergence lifting |
B | Orographic lifting |
C | Convective lifting |
D | Frontal lifting |
E | Divergent lifting |
Question 17 |
A | inclusions are younger than the rock which contains them. |
B | inclusions are always older than the rock which contains them. |
C | inclusions never appear on the surface of rocks. |
D | inclusions only occur in magma chambers. |
E | younger rocks are always will be on top of the older rocks. |
Question 18 |
A | None of the answers are correct. |
B | landwards , on overriding pate |
C | on overriding plate , landwards |
D | seawards , on the extinct arc |
Question 19 |
A | mesosphere |
B | troposphere |
C | stratosphere |
D | thermosphere |
E | exosphere |
Question 20 |
A | deformation |
B | shear |
C | strain |
D | stress |
Question 21 |
A | Reverse faults |
B | Abnormal faults |
C | Thrust faults |
D | Normal faults |
E | Strike-slip faults |
Question 22 |
A | Shell fragments |
B | Amber embedded fossils |
C | Burrows |
D | Skeletons |
E | Petrified wood |
Question 23 |
A | Process of biological and geological evolution of life and Earth. |
B | Study of the origin of Earth and its evolution. |
C | Process of magma generation and solidification. |
D | Study of the origins of rocks and minerals. |
E | Process of mountain building. |
Question 24 |
A | We measure stress using specialized equipment that keep track of movement of geologic masses. |
B | None of the answers are correct. |
C | We measure stress based on detection of earthquakes and their magnitudes with respect to location. |
D | We cannot directly measure stress, but we can infer stress using strain preserved as deformations in minerals and rocks. |
E | We measure stress using changes in pressure and temperature observed within geologic materials over a period. |
Note: Most than one answer is correct. But on multiple choice exams, you should choose the MOST suitable answer. Consider this question as a good example for your future university exams.
Question 25 |
A | Oxbow lakes are formed as a result of downcutting of the river into soft sediments hence they are unusually deep areas of a river. |
B | Melting of glaciers due to friction between the ground and itself forms oxbow lakes at the base of the glacier. |
C | A meander that has been cut off yet remains filled with water forms an oxbow lake. |
D | Melting of glaciers at the surface (top) due to the heat from sun result in formation of oxbow lakes on top of the glacier itself. |
E | All meandering rivers always from oxbow lakes. |
Question 26 |
A | temperature . heat |
B | climate , weather |
C | high pressure systems , low pressure systems |
D | weather seasons , plate tectonics |
E | precipitation . rain |
Question 27 |
Note: Do not worry about the vector arrows. This animation was created for 300/500-level structure classes.
A | Reverse fault |
B | Normal fault |
C | Not enough information is provided in the question. |
D | Left lateral strike-slip fault |
E | Right lateral strike-slip fault |
Question 28 |
A | basalt and shale |
B | shale and gabbro |
C | shale and limestone |
D | basalt and gabbro |
Question 29 |
A | The focus is the location where a fault slips during an earthquake while epicenter is the point on the surface of the Earth directly above the focus of an earthquake. |
B | The focus is the geographic location of the seismometer and the epicenter is the physical position of the earthquake. |
C | They are interchangeable terms used geoscientists to describe earthquakes. |
D | The epicenter is the location where a fault slips during an earthquake while focus is the point on the surface of the Earth directly above the focus of an earthquake. |
E | The term focus is used when the earthquake occur under water/in oceans while the term epicenter is used when it occurs on land. |
Question 30 |
A | Blind faults |
B | Active faults |
C | Inactive faults |
D | Marginal faults |
E | Crustal faults |
Question 31 |
A | fracture network. |
B | dendritic network. |
C | drainage erosion. |
D | surface erosion. |
E | headward erosion. |
Question 32 |
A | The creatonic platform that forms the modern day Canada, USA and Mexico. |
B | A supercontinent that consisted of today’s South America, Africa, Antarctica, India, and Australia. |
C | The ocean that was once covered the Alberta region, which helped the formation of oil/gas deposits. |
D | A continent in the early Paleozoic Era composed of today’s North America and Greenland. |
E | A proposed Precambrian supercontinent that existed
around 1 billion years ago. |
Question 33 |
A | hierarchical diagram |
B | phylogenetic tree |
C | taxonomy diagram |
D | ancestral diagram |
E | historical tree |
Question 34 |
A | Injection/addition of water into the ground due to heavy rainfall. |
B | Higher rate of leaking groundwater into rivers and lakes due to higher formation pressures. |
C | Extraction of groundwater in large volumes in a long period of time. |
D | Extraction of groundwater in large volumes in a small period of time. |
Ref: Dr. Alexander Dutchak Fall 2015 lecture notes.
Question 35 |
A | phreatic |
B | vulcanian |
C | plinean |
D | surtseyan |
E | strombolian |
Question 36 |
A | About 0 to 5 km |
B | About 90 to 100 km |
C | About 30 to 40 km |
D | About 10 to 15 km |
E | About 50 to 70 km |
Question 37 |
A | Late Mesozoic |
B | Early Proterozoic |
C | Early Cenozoic |
D | Early Cambrian |
E | Late Cenozoic |
Question 38 |
A | subduction zones |
B | transform zones |
C | mid-ocean ridges |
D | hot spots |
Question 39 |
A | sublimation. |
B | precipitation. |
C | transpiration. |
D | evaporation. |
E | infiltration. |
Question 40 |
A | Mercalli discontinuity |
B | Wegener discontinuity |
C | Wadati-Benioff discontinuity |
D | Mohorovic discontinuity |
Question 41 |
A | Very low stream gradient |
B | High sediment carrying capacity |
C | Narrow flood plains |
D | Soft substrate with high degree of erosion |
Question 42 |
A | carbon dioxide |
B | water |
C | methane |
D | nitrogen |
E | ammonia |
Question 43 |
A | The hydraulic head must be very high in the wetland regions. |
B | The water table must be relatively high in the wetland regions. |
C | The permeability must be very low in the wetland regions. |
D | The vadose zone must be extremely large (deep) in the wetland regions. |
Question 44 |
A | decompression crystallization |
B | fractional crystallization |
C | fractional melting |
D | partial crystallization |
Question 45 |
A | Increase in frictional forces |
B | Lower temperatures |
C | Increase in pressure |
D | Mantle is ductile |
E | Lack of water |
Question 46 |
What is 3H on the following diagram? (ID-GLF-30)
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this question without using any AIDS.
A | Permian |
B | Pennsylvanian |
C | Cretaceous |
D | Carboniferous |
E | Devonian |
F | Jurassic |
Question 47 |
A | It is a bar where ice cold drinks are served only for cool geoscientists. |
B | It is an imaginary line that separates the four major layers of atmosphere. |
C | It is a representation of pressure - temperature boundaries which specific minerals may form out of a magma. |
D | It is a graphical representation of change in temperature with depth in the lithosphere. |
E | It is a line on a map used to separate different air pressures. |
Question 48 |
A | Sandstone |
B | Siltstone |
C | Mudstone |
D | Conglomerate |
Question 49 |
A | Non-uniform boundary conditions between two moving sections. |
B | Compression pressure along the contact boundary between two moving sections. |
C | Friction between two moving sections. |
D | Ductile nature of the two moving sections. |
E | Mineral alignment along the contact points between two moving sections. |
Question 50 |
A | Collisional orogenesis environments |
B | Mid-oceanic ridge environments |
C | Strike-slip environments |
D | Extensional rifting environments |
Question 51 |
A | Flow rate of the water (velocity) and the volume of water. |
B | Sediment load of the river/stream. |
C | Resistance of its walls to erosion slumping. |
D | Its elevation from the sea level. |
Question 52 |
A | headward erosion by one stream causes the stream to intersect another stream. |
B | water levels are not high enough to maintain the flow resulting in change in stream direction. |
C | reversing of the flow direction due to change in the direction of slope due to tectonic of other events. |
D | water levels and flow rates are too high for a river bed to maintain its shape result in collapse of valleys or canyons. |
Question 53 |
A | Carbon, nitrogen and oxygen |
B | Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen |
C | Carbon and hydrogen |
D | Carbon and nitrogen |
E | Carbon and oxygen |
Question 54 |
A | Theory of Plate Tectonics |
B | Theory of Geologic Evolution |
C | Principle of Superposition |
D | Principle of Uniformitarianism |
E | Principle of Original Horizontality |
Question 55 |
A | Reef framework |
B | Inter granular porosity |
C | Dissolution |
D | Vesicles and voids within matrix |
Question 56 |
A | Symmetric anticline |
B | Asymmetric anticline |
C | Symmetric syncline |
D | Overturned syncline |
E | Asymmetric syncline |
Question 57 |
A | Thrust fault |
B | Left-lateral strike slip fault |
C | Reverse fault |
D | Normal fault |
E | Right-lateral strike slip fault |
Question 58 |
A | Principle of Original Horizontality |
B | Theory of Rock Cycle |
C | Principle of Superposition |
D | Principle of Uniformitarianism |
E | Theory of Geologic Evolution |
F | Theory of Plate Tectonics |
Question 59 |
A | 160 parent isotopes |
B | 250 parent isotopes |
C | 100 parent isotopes |
D | 40 parent isotopes |
E | 125 parent isotopes |
Question 60 |
A | Bacteria |
B | Protista |
C | Animalia |
D | Fungi |
E | Plantae |
Question 61 |
A | Accretion |
B | Induced equilibrium |
C | Mesopause |
D | Isostasy |
E | Orogeny |
Question 62 |
A | mesosphere |
B | exosphere |
C | troposphere |
D | ionosphere |
E | thermosphere |
F | stratosphere |
Question 63 |
A | Cooling or heating of air or matter without the addition or subtraction of thermal energy. |
B | Cooling or heating of air or matter without the addition or subtraction of atoms or molecules. |
C | Cooling or heating of air or matter through compression solidification or decompression melting. |
D | Cooling or heating of air or matter without decreasing or increasing of temperature. |
E | Cooling or heating of air or matter through geologic uplift. |
F | Cooling or heating of air or matter without increasing or decreasing of pressure. |
Question 64 |
A | Body waves |
B | Rayleigh waves |
C | Love waves |
D | Interior waves |
Question 65 |
A | bent towards the normal |
B | bent away from the normal |
C | disintegrate |
D | split into several rays |
E | be refracted |
Question 66 |
What is 2A on the following diagram? (ID-GLF-24)
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this question without using any AIDS.
A | Proterozoic |
B | Pennsylvanian |
C | Cenozoic |
D | Mesozoic |
E | Phanerozoic |
Question 67 |
A | critical temperature. |
B | decomposition temperature. |
C | ideal window. |
D | ideal temperature. |
E | critical window. |
F | oil window. |
Question 68 |
A | They usually coincide with plate boundaries. |
B | They are usually stationary and has been that for since the beginning of the Earth. |
C | They are defined by the magnetic forces of the Earth. |
D | They only occur in ductile regions. |
E | They runs parallel to the equator of the Earth. |
Question 69 |
A | 100 times more |
B | 100 times less |
C | 1 times less |
D | 1 times more |
E | 10 times more |
F | 10 times less |
Question 70 |
A | Tar |
B | Heating oil |
C | Natural gas |
D | Kerosene |
E | Bottled gas |
F | Gasoline |
Question 71 |
A | oxygen |
B | nitrogen |
C | ammonia |
D | carbon dioxide |
E | water vapor |
Question 72 |
A | It occur when the pore water pressure increased enough to push sediment grains apart from each other. |
B | It occurs when ground shake due to P-wave vibrates sediments hard enough resulting solids behaving like liquids. |
C | It occurs when sediments from deep underground which are formed under high pressure were exhumed in a short period of time. |
D | It occurs as the heat from magma melts the wall rock (country rock) resulting melting of the surrounding. |
E | It occurs due to nuclear radiation caused by decomposition of radioactive elements within sediments and minerals. |
Question 73 |
A | decrease in density of the medium. |
B | increase in travel distance. |
C | increase in density. |
D | increase in density of the medium. |
Note: Any changes in density of the medium affect both P and S waves.
Question 74 |
A | Reverse fault line |
B | Normal fault line |
C | Ridge or hill top |
D | Valley or topographic depression |
Question 75 |
A | It measures the speed at which the river flows. |
B | It measures the elevation change over the distance of flow. |
C | It measures the rate at which the transport system deposit its load over a distance. |
D | It measures the change in capacity of sediment load over a distance. |
E | It measures the largest clast/sediment size a stream/river can transport. |
Question 76 |
A | High clastic sediment deposits on the edge of the fan. |
B | Gradual decrease in grain size from corasest to finest as moving from the mouth to the distal edge. |
C | Muddy deposits closer to the mouth and sandy deposits distally at the edge. |
D | Very thick sandy deposits distally on the edge of the fan. |
Question 77 |
A | symmetrical syncline |
B | asymmetrical syncline |
C | asymmetrical anticline |
D | symmetrical anticline |
Question 78 |
A | Low pressure and high temperature |
B | Ductile deformation |
C | High pressure and low temperature |
D | Brittle deformation |
E | At extensional settings |
Question 79 |
A | Change in pressure and temperature in magma underground which eventually leads to fractional crystallization. |
B | Change in stress fields during metamorphism creating a differential stress which result in lineation of minerals. |
C | Forces and events leading to a large structural deformation of the Earth's lithosphere resulting mountain building. |
D | Movement of tectonic plates that result in formation of new crust due to upwelling of magma. |
E | Collision of two or more air masses which result in formation of clouds, wind and rain. |
Question 80 |
A | Fractures |
B | Folds |
C | Upside down beds (oldest on top) |
D | Faults |
Question 81 |
A | Increasing depth often increase in hydrocarbon production. Hint: Yes, when you are within an oil/gas windows. But just because you increase in depth, doesn't mean it will favor formation of oil/gas. |
B | Kerogen forms at the Earth's surface. |
C | Permeability refers to the fraction of open space within rocks. |
D | Oil window is smaller that that of natural gas window. |
E | Highly permeable rocks make very good petroleum seals/traps. Hint: Seal or trap rock/layers must be non-permeable to prevent hydrocarbons from escaping. |
Question 82 |
A | Aquifers with very low porosity and permeability. |
B | Aquifers with very high porosity, but very low permeability. |
C | Unconfined aquifers with very high permeability. |
D | Confined aquifers with very high permeability. |
Question 83 |
A | Igneous rocks due to uplift. |
B | Metamorphic rocks due to contact metamorphism. |
C | Sedimentary rocks due to regional subduction. |
D | Sedimentary rocks due to regional heating. |
Question 84 |
A | Heat absorbed by surface rocks |
B | Earth's crust |
C | Friction heat produced at plate margins |
D | Radioactive decay within the Earth's core |
E | Earth's mantle |
Question 85 |
A | I basins II. arcs |
B | I. arcs II. basins |
C | I. synclines II. anticlines |
D | I. anticlines II. synclines |
Question 86 |
What is 1A on the following diagram? (ID-GLF-24)
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this question without using any AIDS.
A | Proterozoic |
B | Pennsylvanian |
C | Phanerozoic |
D | Cenozoic |
E | Mesozoic |
Question 87 |
A | Formation of new minerals when preexisting minerals change into new minerals as a result of an increase in pressure and temperature. |
B | The clumping together of clay suspended in river water into bunches that are large enough to settle out. |
C | The process by which a magma becomes progressively more silicic as it cools, because early formed crystals settle out. |
D | The process by which atoms dissolved in a solution come together and form minerals. |
E | The fossilization process in which plant material becomes transformed into rock by the precipitation of silica from groundwater. |
Question 88 |
What is 3G on the following diagram? (ID-GLF-39)
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this question without using any AIDS.
A | Devonian |
B | Permian |
C | Cenozoic |
D | Eocene |
E | Cretaceous |
F | Jurassic |
Question 89 |
A | Rb/Sr |
B | Sm/Nd |
C | U/Pb |
D | K/Ar |
Question 90 |
A | A continent in the early Paleozoic Era composed of today’s North America and Greenland. |
B | A supercontinent that consisted of today’s South America, Africa, Antarctica, India, and Australia. |
C | None of the answers are correct. |
D | A proposed Precambrian supercontinent that existed
around 1 billion years ago. |
E | The ocean that was once covered the Alberta region, which helped the formation of oil/gas deposits. |
Question 91 |
-Deformation
-Faulting
-Folding
-Partial melting
-Foliation
-Metamorphism
-Glaciation
-Erosion
-Sedimentation
A | Glaciation and Sedimentation |
B | All of the above can be observed in mountain building processes. |
C | Partial melting, Sedimentation and Glaciation |
D | Partial melting and Sedimentation |
E | Partial melting |
Question 92 |
A | Exosphere |
B | Mesosphere |
C | Stratosphere |
D | Thermosphere |
E | Troposphere |
F | Ionosphere |
Question 93 |
A | The temperature above which crystals are first formed. |
B | The temperature below which isotopes are no longer free to move. |
C | The temperature below which crystals are first formed. |
D | The temperature below which magma no longer have the ability to erupt out of the volcano. |
E | The temperature above which the water is neither a gas nor a liquid. |
Question 94 |
A | They are P-waves that intersects the land surface. |
B | Slower than S-waves but faster than Love waves. |
C | Causes ground to ripple up and down like water waves in a lake. |
D | They are S-waves that intersects the land surface. |
E | Material moves back and forth parallel to the wave direction. |
Question 95 |
A | on the abyssal plain |
B | in oceanic trenches |
C | on the continental shelf |
D | in rift valleys |
Question 96 |
A | Surface seismic waves are the fastest in terms of travel time. |
B | Seismic waves that enters a faster medium from a slower medium will undergo refraction towards the normal. |
C | Seismic waves are able to sustain their energy in softer mediums for a longer period of time. |
D | Seismic waves travel faster in high density mediums. |
E | Seismic waves were first discovered by Andrija Mohorovicic. |
Question 97 |
A | Factor of 1 |
B | Factor of 20,000 |
C | Factor of 3 |
D | Factor of 2 |
E | Factor of 10,000 |
Question 98 |
A | Joints are much smaller in scale than faults. |
B | Joints are planar metamorphic fabrics while faults are planer surfaces of physical separations within rocks. |
C | Joints are fractures that have no offsets, while faults are fractures with offsets. |
D | Joints only occur in softer materials such as sediments and faults occur in hard rocks. |
E | Joints are usually associated with igneous processes and faults are usually associated with orogenic processes. |
Question 99 |
A | trench roll back |
B | suction force |
C | slab pull |
D | ridge push |
Question 100 |
Please pay attention to the circled (green) area of the image.
A | structural feature originated primarily due to an igneous event. |
B | deformation caused by extensional tectonics. |
C | deformation that resulted in faulting. |
D | deformation that resulted in folding. |
Question 101 |
A | Pore pressures that holds the grains apart fluctuates causing subsidence during warm summers and uplift during wet winters and springs. |
B | The groundwater must be flowing at a faster rate during wet spring and summer than during winter causing subsurface erosion. |
C | There must be a very large cone of depression directly under the road surface in question causing surface to subside during warm and dry seasons. |
D | Weight of the materials used to construct the road surface is effecting the groundwater pressures in the subsurface. |
Question 102 |
A | It occurs when the last member of a given family dies without producing any offspring. |
B | It occurs when the last member of a given class dies without producing any offspring. |
C | It occurs when the last member of a given genus dies without producing any offspring. |
D | It occurs when the last member of a given kingdom dies without producing any offspring. |
E | It occurs when the last member of a given species dies without producing any offspring. |
Question 103 |
A | Sodium |
B | Calcium |
C | Potassium |
D | Magnesium |
E | Chloride |
Question 104 |
A | S-wave |
B | Shock wave |
C | Surface wave |
D | P-wave |
E | Body wave |
Question 105 |
A | stress. |
B | strain. |
C | foliations. Hint: This is true, but this is an observation and not a measurement. |
D | pressures. |
E | lineation. Hint: This is true, but this is an observation and not a measurement. |
Question 106 |
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this question without using any AIDS.
A | Paleogene |
B | Cretaceous |
C | Devonian |
D | Silurian |
E | Cambrian |
Question 107 |
A | Within sedimentary rocks |
B | Within underwater mudslides |
C | Within fluvial deposits |
D | Within metamorphic rocks |
E | Withing igneous rocks |
Question 108 |
A | Dykes are formed primarily due to preexisting weak planes of the country rock. |
B | Higher the friction between a glacier and the ground, faster the migration of the glacier. |
C | Higher the depth of a river, larger the volume of sediment deposition and accumulation on the river bed. |
D | Plate tectonic movement is mostly driven by the energy obtained through the rotation of the Earth. Hint: This is what some scientists thought long time ago. This has been proven to be incorrect. |
E | Higher the mountains in collisional or convergent orogen, the deeper the crustal root. |
Question 109 |
A | Seismic-moment magnitude scale |
B | Wadati-Benioff scale |
C | Mercalli scale |
D | Richter scale |
Question 110 |
A | It measure the flow rate of sediments at a fixed given location. |
B | It measures the largest clast/sediment size a stream/river can transport. |
C | It measures the rate at which the transport system deposit its load. |
D | It measures the rate of sediment supply to a stream/river system. |
E | It measures the volume of sediments transported by a stream/river system. |
Question 111 |
A | raising of the groundwater table at the global scale. |
B | lowering of the groundwater table at the global scale. |
C | raising of the groundwater table at the regional scale. |
D | lowering of the groundwater table at the regional scale. |
E | increased availability of groundwater in shallow wells. |
Question 112 |
A | 4.54 Ga |
B | 3.55 Ga |
C | 4.03 Ga |
D | 3.87 Ga |
E | 3.92 Ga |
Question 113 |
A | Smaller lobes |
B | Uplift |
C | Subsidence |
D | Headward erosion |
E | Downcutting |
Question 114 |
A | 125 Ma |
B | 100 Ma |
C | 250 Ma |
D | 375 Ma |
E | 300 Ma |
Question 115 |
Precambrian is divided into two Eons as shown on the following diagram as 1C and 1D. What are they? (ID-GLF-62)
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this question without using any AIDS.
A | Paleozoic and Mesozoic |
B | Proterozoic and Archean |
C | Paleozoic and Phanerozoic |
D | Cenozoic and Mesozoic |
E | Phanerozoic and Proterozoic |
Question 116 |
A | epicenter |
B | focus |
C | trigger point |
D | slip point |
Question 117 |
A | Hawaiian Islands |
B | Canadian Rockies |
C | Himalayas |
D | Basin and Range |
Question 118 |
A | 5.5% |
B | 5% |
C | 0.5% |
D | 31.6% |
Question 119 |
A | A set of fossils belongs to the same family of organisms. |
B | A group of fossils native to a specific region. |
C | None of the answers are correct. |
D | A set of fossils that can be arranged in chronological order. |
E | A group of fossil species found in a specific sequence of sedimentary rock. |
Question 120 |
A | A supercontinent that consisted of today’s South America, Africa, Antarctica, India, and Australia. |
B | A continent in the early Paleozoic Era composed of today’s North America and Greenland. |
C | A proposed Precambrian supercontinent that existed
around 1 billion years ago. |
D | The ocean that was once covered the Alberta region, which helped the formation of oil/gas deposits. |
E | None of the answers are correct. |
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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Gerald Osborn during Fall 2010 and textbook ISBN-978-0-393-93750-3. This version has been updated on between September and December 2015 using excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Glenn Dolphin, Alex Dutchak and Dr. Brandon Karchewski during Fall 2015.
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Concepts and Additional Questions for Fall 2010 Final
Important!
↑ Some of these are already in the exam type questions in the quiz(above) ↑
Answers to these will NOT be posted. These are based on 2010 lecture notes!
-Know the definitions and features of Composite Volcanos (CV) and Shield volcanos (SV).
-Types of crystallization processes
-Geologic zones; subduction, mid ocean, etc and their features
-Difference between nonconformity and disconformity.
-Difference between stress and strain.
-Differences between tensile stress, compressional stress and shear stress
-Understanding geologic events based on relative deposition.
-Earthquakes and their nature of intensity.
-Types of waves; S-,P-,L- and R- waves.
-Earth’s components and their variation in composition.
-Be able to interpret features on a given map or cross-section.
-Mohorovic discontinuity and it’s importance to geologic studies.
-Know, asymmetrical syncline/anticline, symmetrical syncline/anticline.
-General history of geology as a study subject.
-Concept; slab pull, ridge push and hypothesis on why these occur.
-You should memorize this time scale. Yes, this will most likely appear on the final, but also very useful for the future of your geologic carrier. Most geologists and geophysicsts remember the Geologic Time Scale with respect to important events took place in the history.