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Geology (GLGY 201-UCAL) Final Exam
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Question 1 |
A | symmetrical anticline |
B | symmetrical syncline |
C | asymmetrical syncline |
D | asymmetrical anticline |
Question 2 |
A | None of the answers are correct. |
B | We measure stress based on detection of earthquakes and their magnitudes with respect to location. |
C | We measure stress using specialized equipment that keep track of movement of geologic masses. |
D | We cannot directly measure stress, but we can infer stress using strain preserved as deformations in minerals and rocks. |
E | We measure stress using changes in pressure and temperature observed within geologic materials over a period. |
Note: Most than one answer is correct. But on multiple choice exams, you should choose the MOST suitable answer. Consider this question as a good example for your future university exams.
Question 3 |
A | strain. |
B | stress. |
C | pressures. |
D | foliations. Hint: This is true, but this is an observation and not a measurement. |
E | lineation. Hint: This is true, but this is an observation and not a measurement. |
Question 4 |
-Deformation
-Faulting
-Folding
-Partial melting
-Foliation
-Metamorphism
-Glaciation
-Erosion
-Sedimentation
A | Partial melting and Sedimentation |
B | All of the above can be observed in mountain building processes. |
C | Partial melting |
D | Partial melting, Sedimentation and Glaciation |
E | Glaciation and Sedimentation |
Question 5 |
A | decompression crystallization |
B | fractional crystallization |
C | partial crystallization |
D | fractional melting |
Question 6 |
A | precipitation. |
B | evaporation. |
C | infiltration. |
D | transpiration. |
E | sublimation. |
Question 7 |
A | The hydraulic head must be very high in the wetland regions. |
B | The permeability must be very low in the wetland regions. |
C | The water table must be relatively high in the wetland regions. |
D | The vadose zone must be extremely large (deep) in the wetland regions. |
Question 8 |
A | Between Mesosphere and Thermosphere. |
B | Around the 45 km altitude. |
C | Between Mesosphere and Stratosphere. |
D | Between Mesosphere and Troposphere. |
E | Around the 10 km altitude. |
Question 9 |
A | Factor of 2 |
B | Factor of 3 |
C | Factor of 20,000 |
D | Factor of 10,000 |
E | Factor of 1 |
Question 10 |
A | Strike-slip faults |
B | Thrust faults |
C | Abnormal faults |
D | Normal faults |
E | Reverse faults |
Question 11 |
A | It measures the change in capacity of sediment load over a distance. |
B | It measures the speed at which the river flows. |
C | It measures the largest clast/sediment size a stream/river can transport. |
D | It measures the rate at which the transport system deposit its load over a distance. |
E | It measures the elevation change over the distance of flow. |
Question 12 |
A | Calcium |
B | Potassium |
C | Magnesium |
D | Sodium |
E | Chloride |
Question 13 |
A | Ionosphere |
B | Exosphere |
C | Stratosphere |
D | Thermosphere |
E | Troposphere |
F | Mesosphere |
Question 14 |
A | Narrow flood plains |
B | High sediment carrying capacity |
C | Soft substrate with high degree of erosion |
D | Very low stream gradient |
Question 15 |
A | Pore pressures that holds the grains apart fluctuates causing subsidence during warm summers and uplift during wet winters and springs. |
B | There must be a very large cone of depression directly under the road surface in question causing surface to subside during warm and dry seasons. |
C | The groundwater must be flowing at a faster rate during wet spring and summer than during winter causing subsurface erosion. |
D | Weight of the materials used to construct the road surface is effecting the groundwater pressures in the subsurface. |
Question 16 |
Precambrian is divided into two Eons as shown on the following diagram as 1C and 1D. What are they? (ID-GLF-62)
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this question without using any AIDS.
A | Proterozoic and Archean |
B | Paleozoic and Phanerozoic |
C | Paleozoic and Mesozoic |
D | Cenozoic and Mesozoic |
E | Phanerozoic and Proterozoic |
Question 17 |
A | Sediment load of the river/stream. |
B | Its elevation from the sea level. |
C | Resistance of its walls to erosion slumping. |
D | Flow rate of the water (velocity) and the volume of water. |
Question 18 |
A | Carbon and nitrogen |
B | Carbon, nitrogen and oxygen |
C | Carbon and oxygen |
D | Carbon and hydrogen |
E | Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen |
Question 19 |
A | It is a bar where ice cold drinks are served only for cool geoscientists. |
B | It is a representation of pressure - temperature boundaries which specific minerals may form out of a magma. |
C | It is an imaginary line that separates the four major layers of atmosphere. |
D | It is a graphical representation of change in temperature with depth in the lithosphere. |
E | It is a line on a map used to separate different air pressures. |
Question 20 |
A | slab pull |
B | ridge push |
C | suction force |
D | trench roll back |
Question 21 |
A | Strike-slip environments |
B | Collisional orogenesis environments |
C | Mid-oceanic ridge environments |
D | Extensional rifting environments |
Question 22 |
A | transform zones |
B | hot spots |
C | mid-ocean ridges |
D | subduction zones |
Question 23 |
A | fracture network. |
B | surface erosion. |
C | dendritic network. |
D | headward erosion. |
E | drainage erosion. |
Question 24 |
A | An area where geoscientists predicted to have an earthquake in near future. |
B | An area that has been known to have earthquakes in high frequency in the past. |
C | An area that is damaged by a recent earthquake. |
D | None of the listed answers are correct. |
E | The epicenter of an earthquake. |
Question 25 |
A | Siltstone |
B | Mudstone |
C | Sandstone |
D | Conglomerate |
Question 26 |
What is 3L on the following diagram? (ID-GLF-20)
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this question without using any AIDS.
A | Ordovician |
B | Jurassic |
C | Devonian |
D | Triassic |
E | Pennsylvanian |
Question 27 |
A | At extensional settings |
B | Low pressure and high temperature |
C | Brittle deformation |
D | Ductile deformation |
E | High pressure and low temperature |
Question 28 |
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this question without using any AIDS.
A | Paleogene |
B | Silurian |
C | Cambrian |
D | Devonian |
E | Cretaceous |
Question 29 |
A | ammonia |
B | methane |
C | water |
D | carbon dioxide |
E | nitrogen |
Question 30 |
A | I. arcs II. basins |
B | I. synclines II. anticlines |
C | I. anticlines II. synclines |
D | I basins II. arcs |
Question 31 |
A | Causes ground to ripple up and down like water waves in a lake. |
B | They are P-waves that intersects the land surface. |
C | They are S-waves that intersects the land surface. |
D | Slower than S-waves but faster than Love waves. |
E | Material moves back and forth parallel to the wave direction. |
Question 32 |
What is 3H on the following diagram? (ID-GLF-30)
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this question without using any AIDS.
A | Carboniferous |
B | Pennsylvanian |
C | Jurassic |
D | Devonian |
E | Permian |
F | Cretaceous |
Question 33 |
What is 3G on the following diagram? (ID-GLF-39)
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this question without using any AIDS.
A | Devonian |
B | Cretaceous |
C | Permian |
D | Eocene |
E | Cenozoic |
F | Jurassic |
Question 34 |
A | A supercontinent that consisted of today’s South America, Africa, Antarctica, India, and Australia. |
B | A continent in the early Paleozoic Era composed of today’s North America and Greenland. |
C | The ocean that was once covered the Alberta region, which helped the formation of oil/gas deposits. |
D | A proposed Precambrian supercontinent that existed
around 1 billion years ago. |
E | The creatonic platform that forms the modern day Canada, USA and Mexico. |
Question 35 |
Please pay attention to the circled (green) area of the image.
A | deformation caused by extensional tectonics. |
B | deformation that resulted in faulting. |
C | structural feature originated primarily due to an igneous event. |
D | deformation that resulted in folding. |
Question 36 |
A | Thrust fault |
B | Reverse fault |
C | Right-lateral strike slip fault |
D | Left-lateral strike slip fault |
E | Normal fault |
Question 37 |
A | 125 Ma |
B | 300 Ma |
C | 250 Ma |
D | 375 Ma |
E | 100 Ma |
Question 38 |
A | Wadati-Benioff scale |
B | Richter scale |
C | Mercalli scale |
D | Seismic-moment magnitude scale |
Question 39 |
A | The ocean that was once covered the Alberta region, which helped the formation of oil/gas deposits. |
B | A proposed Precambrian supercontinent that existed
around 1 billion years ago. |
C | A continent in the early Paleozoic Era composed of today’s North America and Greenland. |
D | None of the answers are correct. |
E | A supercontinent that consisted of today’s South America, Africa, Antarctica, India, and Australia. |
Question 40 |
A | Highly permeable rocks make very good petroleum seals/traps. Hint: Seal or trap rock/layers must be non-permeable to prevent hydrocarbons from escaping. |
B | Permeability refers to the fraction of open space within rocks. |
C | Oil window is smaller that that of natural gas window. |
D | Increasing depth often increase in hydrocarbon production. Hint: Yes, when you are within an oil/gas windows. But just because you increase in depth, doesn't mean it will favor formation of oil/gas. |
E | Kerogen forms at the Earth's surface. |
Question 41 |
A | Appalachian orogeny occurred after the Grenville orogeny. |
B | Appalachian orogeny occurred at the same time as the Grenville orogeny. |
C | Allegheny Mountains formed before the both of the Appalachian and Grenville orogenies. |
D | Appalachian orogeny is occurred as a result of four separate continental collisions. Hint: Three separate continental collisions. |
Question 42 |
A | phreatic |
B | plinean |
C | surtseyan |
D | vulcanian |
E | strombolian |
Question 43 |
A | stream terraces. |
B | braided plane. |
C | graded deposits. |
D | alluvium fan. |
E | alluvium. |
Question 44 |
A | None of the answers are correct. |
B | A set of fossils that can be arranged in chronological order. |
C | A set of fossils belongs to the same family of organisms. |
D | A group of fossil species found in a specific sequence of sedimentary rock. |
E | A group of fossils native to a specific region. |
Question 45 |
A | thermosphere |
B | troposphere |
C | exosphere |
D | stratosphere |
E | mesosphere |
Question 46 |
A | Asymmetric anticline |
B | Symmetric syncline |
C | Overturned syncline |
D | Asymmetric syncline |
E | Symmetric anticline |
Question 47 |
A | 5.5% |
B | 0.5% |
C | 5% |
D | 31.6% |
Question 48 |
A | on the continental shelf |
B | in rift valleys |
C | in oceanic trenches |
D | on the abyssal plain |
Question 49 |
A | shale and limestone |
B | basalt and shale |
C | basalt and gabbro |
D | shale and gabbro |
Question 50 |
A | Isostasy |
B | Induced stability |
C | Equilibrium |
D | Orogeny |
Question 51 |
A | All meandering rivers always from oxbow lakes. |
B | Oxbow lakes are formed as a result of downcutting of the river into soft sediments hence they are unusually deep areas of a river. |
C | Melting of glaciers at the surface (top) due to the heat from sun result in formation of oxbow lakes on top of the glacier itself. |
D | Melting of glaciers due to friction between the ground and itself forms oxbow lakes at the base of the glacier. |
E | A meander that has been cut off yet remains filled with water forms an oxbow lake. |
Question 52 |
A | Higher rate of leaking groundwater into rivers and lakes due to higher formation pressures. |
B | Extraction of groundwater in large volumes in a long period of time. |
C | Extraction of groundwater in large volumes in a small period of time. |
D | Injection/addition of water into the ground due to heavy rainfall. |
Ref: Dr. Alexander Dutchak Fall 2015 lecture notes.
Question 53 |
A | 500 - 1000 m |
B | 40 - 50 km |
C | 5 - 7km |
D | 15 - 20 km |
E | 1000 - 1500 m |
Question 54 |
A | The focus is the geographic location of the seismometer and the epicenter is the physical position of the earthquake. |
B | The term focus is used when the earthquake occur under water/in oceans while the term epicenter is used when it occurs on land. |
C | They are interchangeable terms used geoscientists to describe earthquakes. |
D | The epicenter is the location where a fault slips during an earthquake while focus is the point on the surface of the Earth directly above the focus of an earthquake. |
E | The focus is the location where a fault slips during an earthquake while epicenter is the point on the surface of the Earth directly above the focus of an earthquake. |
Question 55 |
A | Late Mesozoic |
B | Late Cenozoic |
C | Early Proterozoic |
D | Early Cambrian |
E | Early Cenozoic |
Question 56 |
A | Earth's mantle |
B | Heat absorbed by surface rocks |
C | Friction heat produced at plate margins |
D | Earth's crust |
E | Radioactive decay within the Earth's core |
Question 57 |
A | Collision of two or more air masses which result in formation of clouds, wind and rain. |
B | Movement of tectonic plates that result in formation of new crust due to upwelling of magma. |
C | Change in pressure and temperature in magma underground which eventually leads to fractional crystallization. |
D | Forces and events leading to a large structural deformation of the Earth's lithosphere resulting mountain building. |
E | Change in stress fields during metamorphism creating a differential stress which result in lineation of minerals. |
Question 58 |
A | ammonia |
B | carbon dioxide |
C | nitrogen |
D | oxygen |
E | water vapor |
Question 59 |
A | It measures the volume of sediments transported by a stream/river system. |
B | It measures the largest clast/sediment size a stream/river can transport. |
C | It measure the flow rate of sediments at a fixed given location. |
D | It measures the rate at which the transport system deposit its load. |
E | It measures the rate of sediment supply to a stream/river system. |
Question 60 |
A | Body wave |
B | S-wave |
C | P-wave |
D | Surface wave |
E | Shock wave |
Question 61 |
A | 3.87 Ga |
B | 4.03 Ga |
C | 3.55 Ga |
D | 3.92 Ga |
E | 4.54 Ga |
Question 62 |
A | Bacteria |
B | Plantae |
C | Protista |
D | Animalia |
E | Fungi |
Question 63 |
A | Blind faults |
B | Active faults |
C | Crustal faults |
D | Marginal faults |
E | Inactive faults |
Question 64 |
A | Accretion |
B | Isostasy |
C | Mesopause |
D | Induced equilibrium |
E | Orogeny |
Question 65 |
A | Lack of water |
B | Increase in pressure |
C | Mantle is ductile |
D | Increase in frictional forces |
E | Lower temperatures |
Question 66 |
A | epicenter |
B | focus |
C | slip point |
D | trigger point |
Question 67 |
A | 10 times more |
B | 100 times more |
C | 10 times less |
D | 1 times more |
E | 100 times less |
F | 1 times less |
Question 68 |
A | They runs parallel to the equator of the Earth. |
B | They usually coincide with plate boundaries. |
C | They are defined by the magnetic forces of the Earth. |
D | They are usually stationary and has been that for since the beginning of the Earth. |
E | They only occur in ductile regions. |
Question 69 |
A | 125 parent isotopes |
B | 160 parent isotopes |
C | 250 parent isotopes |
D | 100 parent isotopes |
E | 40 parent isotopes |
Question 70 |
A | About 50 to 70 km |
B | About 0 to 5 km |
C | About 90 to 100 km |
D | About 30 to 40 km |
E | About 10 to 15 km |
Question 71 |
A | Reef framework |
B | Dissolution |
C | Vesicles and voids within matrix |
D | Inter granular porosity |
Question 72 |
A | Study of the origin of Earth and its evolution. |
B | Process of biological and geological evolution of life and Earth. |
C | Process of mountain building. |
D | Study of the origins of rocks and minerals. |
E | Process of magma generation and solidification. |
Question 73 |
A | Mineral alignment along the contact points between two moving sections. |
B | Ductile nature of the two moving sections. |
C | Compression pressure along the contact boundary between two moving sections. |
D | Non-uniform boundary conditions between two moving sections. |
E | Friction between two moving sections. |
Question 74 |
A | K/Ar |
B | Sm/Nd |
C | Rb/Sr |
D | U/Pb |
Question 75 |
A | exosphere |
B | thermosphere |
C | troposphere |
D | ionosphere |
E | mesosphere |
F | stratosphere |
Question 76 |
A | Within metamorphic rocks |
B | Withing igneous rocks |
C | Within underwater mudslides |
D | Within sedimentary rocks |
E | Within fluvial deposits |
Question 77 |
A | Burrows |
B | Shell fragments |
C | Petrified wood |
D | Skeletons |
E | Amber embedded fossils |
Question 78 |
Note: Do not worry about the vector arrows. This animation was created for 300/500-level structure classes.
A | Right lateral strike-slip fault |
B | Reverse fault |
C | Left lateral strike-slip fault |
D | Normal fault |
E | Not enough information is provided in the question. |
Question 79 |
A | It occur when the pore water pressure increased enough to push sediment grains apart from each other. |
B | It occurs due to nuclear radiation caused by decomposition of radioactive elements within sediments and minerals. |
C | It occurs as the heat from magma melts the wall rock (country rock) resulting melting of the surrounding. |
D | It occurs when ground shake due to P-wave vibrates sediments hard enough resulting solids behaving like liquids. |
E | It occurs when sediments from deep underground which are formed under high pressure were exhumed in a short period of time. |
Question 80 |
A | inclusions are always older than the rock which contains them. |
B | inclusions only occur in magma chambers. |
C | inclusions are younger than the rock which contains them. |
D | inclusions never appear on the surface of rocks. |
E | younger rocks are always will be on top of the older rocks. |
Question 81 |
A | About 1 km |
B | About 10 km |
C | About 5 km |
D | About 30 km |
E | About 100 km |
Question 82 |
A | shear |
B | strain |
C | stress |
D | deformation |
Question 83 |
A | hierarchical diagram |
B | historical tree |
C | phylogenetic tree |
D | ancestral diagram |
E | taxonomy diagram |
Question 84 |
A | Ridge or hill top |
B | Normal fault line |
C | Valley or topographic depression |
D | Reverse fault line |
Question 85 |
A | lowering of the groundwater table at the global scale. |
B | lowering of the groundwater table at the regional scale. |
C | raising of the groundwater table at the regional scale. |
D | raising of the groundwater table at the global scale. |
E | increased availability of groundwater in shallow wells. |
Question 86 |
A | I. subsurface regions where water accumulates II. subsurface structures that allow free flow of water |
B | I. geologic materials that act as a barrier to flow II. geologic materials that act as a barrier to flow |
C | I. also known as vadose zones II. also known as zones of saturation |
D | I. sediment or rock structures that has very low permeability II. sediment or rock structures that has very high permeability |
E | I. geologic materials that transmit water II. geologic materials that act as a barrier to flow |
F | I. subsurface structures that allow free flow of water II. subsurface regions where water accumulates |
Question 87 |
A | retains the primary igneous structures. |
B | change its location |
C | change its shape by shortening |
D | most likely maintain the original mineral composition |
E | change its orientation |
Question 88 |
A | Principle of Superposition |
B | Principle of Uniformitarianism |
C | Theory of Geologic Evolution |
D | Theory of Plate Tectonics |
E | Principle of Original Horizontality |
Question 89 |
A | The temperature below which isotopes are no longer free to move. |
B | The temperature below which crystals are first formed. |
C | The temperature below which magma no longer have the ability to erupt out of the volcano. |
D | The temperature above which crystals are first formed. |
E | The temperature above which the water is neither a gas nor a liquid. |
Question 90 |
A | Principle of Original Horizontality |
B | Theory of Plate Tectonics |
C | Principle of Uniformitarianism |
D | Theory of Geologic Evolution |
E | Principle of Superposition |
F | Theory of Rock Cycle |
Question 91 |
A | split into several rays |
B | bent away from the normal |
C | be refracted |
D | bent towards the normal |
E | disintegrate |
Question 92 |
A | seawards , on the extinct arc |
B | None of the answers are correct. |
C | landwards , on overriding pate |
D | on overriding plate , landwards |
Question 93 |
A | Higher the friction between a glacier and the ground, faster the migration of the glacier. |
B | Dykes are formed primarily due to preexisting weak planes of the country rock. |
C | Higher the mountains in collisional or convergent orogen, the deeper the crustal root. |
D | Plate tectonic movement is mostly driven by the energy obtained through the rotation of the Earth. Hint: This is what some scientists thought long time ago. This has been proven to be incorrect. |
E | Higher the depth of a river, larger the volume of sediment deposition and accumulation on the river bed. |
Question 94 |
What is 1A on the following diagram? (ID-GLF-24)
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this question without using any AIDS.
A | Pennsylvanian |
B | Phanerozoic |
C | Mesozoic |
D | Cenozoic |
E | Proterozoic |
Question 95 |
A | Rayleigh waves |
B | Love waves |
C | Interior waves |
D | Body waves |
Question 96 |
A | critical window. |
B | oil window. |
C | decomposition temperature. |
D | ideal temperature. |
E | critical temperature. |
F | ideal window. |
Question 97 |
A | Mercalli discontinuity |
B | Wadati-Benioff discontinuity |
C | Wegener discontinuity |
D | Mohorovic discontinuity |
Question 98 |
What is 2A on the following diagram? (ID-GLF-24)
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this question without using any AIDS.
A | Proterozoic |
B | Mesozoic |
C | Phanerozoic |
D | Pennsylvanian |
E | Cenozoic |
Question 99 |
A | climate , weather |
B | precipitation . rain |
C | high pressure systems , low pressure systems |
D | weather seasons , plate tectonics |
E | temperature . heat |
Question 100 |
I. Deposition and folding of units 1 to 7
II. Intrusion of the granite pluton
III. Deposition of units A to C
IV. Formation of the unconformity
V. Faulting
VI. Intrusion of the gabbro dyke
A | VI (oldest) , I , III , V , II , IV (youngest) |
B | I (oldest) , III , VI , IV , II , V (youngest) |
C | V (oldest) , III , VI , IV , II , I (youngest) |
D | V (oldest) , II , VI , IV , III , I (youngest) |
E | I (oldest) , II , VI , IV , III , V (youngest) |
F | VI (oldest) , II , III , IV , I , V (youngest) |
Question 101 |
A | increase in density of the medium. |
B | increase in density. |
C | increase in travel distance. |
D | decrease in density of the medium. |
Note: Any changes in density of the medium affect both P and S waves.
Question 102 |
A | Divergent lifting |
B | Frontal lifting |
C | Orographic lifting |
D | Convergence lifting |
E | Convective lifting |
Question 103 |
A | None of the answers are correct. |
B | A proposed Precambrian supercontinent that existed
around 1 billion years ago. |
C | The ocean that was once covered the Alberta region, which helped the formation of oil/gas deposits. |
D | A continent in the early Paleozoic Era composed of today’s North America and Greenland. |
E | A supercontinent that consisted of today’s South America, Africa, Antarctica, India, and Australia. |
Question 104 |
A | Confined aquifers with very high permeability. |
B | Aquifers with very low porosity and permeability. |
C | Aquifers with very high porosity, but very low permeability. |
D | Unconfined aquifers with very high permeability. |
Question 105 |
A | Downcutting |
B | Uplift |
C | Headward erosion |
D | Subsidence |
E | Smaller lobes |
Question 106 |
A | Gradual decrease in grain size from corasest to finest as moving from the mouth to the distal edge. |
B | High clastic sediment deposits on the edge of the fan. |
C | Very thick sandy deposits distally on the edge of the fan. |
D | Muddy deposits closer to the mouth and sandy deposits distally at the edge. |
Question 107 |
A | Deposition of organic matter on terrestrial sediments due to decay of plants and organisms. |
B | Deposits of rock fragments and sediments left behind after a glacier has migrated through a region. |
C | Accumulation of microscopic shells and file flakes of clay at the ocean floor. |
D | Sudden decrease in energy of a river system result in accumulation of the bedloard. |
E | Erosion of high standing sedimentary structures and subsequent deposition of the materials downstream. |
Question 108 |
A | Basin and Range |
B | Himalayas |
C | Hawaiian Islands |
D | Canadian Rockies |
Question 109 |
A | Joints are planar metamorphic fabrics while faults are planer surfaces of physical separations within rocks. |
B | Joints only occur in softer materials such as sediments and faults occur in hard rocks. |
C | Joints are much smaller in scale than faults. |
D | Joints are usually associated with igneous processes and faults are usually associated with orogenic processes. |
E | Joints are fractures that have no offsets, while faults are fractures with offsets. |
Question 110 |
A | reversing of the flow direction due to change in the direction of slope due to tectonic of other events. |
B | water levels are not high enough to maintain the flow resulting in change in stream direction. |
C | headward erosion by one stream causes the stream to intersect another stream. |
D | water levels and flow rates are too high for a river bed to maintain its shape result in collapse of valleys or canyons. |
Question 111 |
A | Magma migration |
B | Volcanic eruptions |
C | Human interference such as construction and nuclear detonations |
D | Crustal fault slips |
E | Sudden changes in mineral structures |
Question 112 |
A | It occurs when the last member of a given class dies without producing any offspring. |
B | It occurs when the last member of a given kingdom dies without producing any offspring. |
C | It occurs when the last member of a given genus dies without producing any offspring. |
D | It occurs when the last member of a given species dies without producing any offspring. |
E | It occurs when the last member of a given family dies without producing any offspring. |
Question 113 |
A | Sedimentary rocks due to regional subduction. |
B | Sedimentary rocks due to regional heating. |
C | Igneous rocks due to uplift. |
D | Metamorphic rocks due to contact metamorphism. |
Question 114 |
A | Seismic waves are able to sustain their energy in softer mediums for a longer period of time. |
B | Seismic waves travel faster in high density mediums. |
C | Seismic waves were first discovered by Andrija Mohorovicic. |
D | Seismic waves that enters a faster medium from a slower medium will undergo refraction towards the normal. |
E | Surface seismic waves are the fastest in terms of travel time. |
Question 115 |
A | The fossilization process in which plant material becomes transformed into rock by the precipitation of silica from groundwater. |
B | The clumping together of clay suspended in river water into bunches that are large enough to settle out. |
C | The process by which a magma becomes progressively more silicic as it cools, because early formed crystals settle out. |
D | Formation of new minerals when preexisting minerals change into new minerals as a result of an increase in pressure and temperature. |
E | The process by which atoms dissolved in a solution come together and form minerals. |
Question 116 |
A | Cooling or heating of air or matter without the addition or subtraction of thermal energy. |
B | Cooling or heating of air or matter without increasing or decreasing of pressure. |
C | Cooling or heating of air or matter without decreasing or increasing of temperature. |
D | Cooling or heating of air or matter through geologic uplift. |
E | Cooling or heating of air or matter through compression solidification or decompression melting. |
F | Cooling or heating of air or matter without the addition or subtraction of atoms or molecules. |
Question 117 |
A | S-waves disappeared at the mantle-outer core boundary |
B | P-waves disappeared at the mantle-outer core boundary |
C | R-waves disappeared at the mantle-outer core boundary |
D | L-waves disappeared at the mantle-outer core boundary |
Question 118 |
A | Heating oil |
B | Bottled gas |
C | Gasoline |
D | Kerosene |
E | Tar |
F | Natural gas |
Question 119 |
A | Daily |
B | Yearly |
C | Weekly |
D | Monthly |
Question 120 |
A | Fractures |
B | Faults |
C | Upside down beds (oldest on top) |
D | Folds |
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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Gerald Osborn during Fall 2010 and textbook ISBN-978-0-393-93750-3. This version has been updated on between September and December 2015 using excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Glenn Dolphin, Alex Dutchak and Dr. Brandon Karchewski during Fall 2015.
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Concepts and Additional Questions for Fall 2010 Final
Important!
↑ Some of these are already in the exam type questions in the quiz(above) ↑
Answers to these will NOT be posted. These are based on 2010 lecture notes!
-Know the definitions and features of Composite Volcanos (CV) and Shield volcanos (SV).
-Types of crystallization processes
-Geologic zones; subduction, mid ocean, etc and their features
-Difference between nonconformity and disconformity.
-Difference between stress and strain.
-Differences between tensile stress, compressional stress and shear stress
-Understanding geologic events based on relative deposition.
-Earthquakes and their nature of intensity.
-Types of waves; S-,P-,L- and R- waves.
-Earth’s components and their variation in composition.
-Be able to interpret features on a given map or cross-section.
-Mohorovic discontinuity and it’s importance to geologic studies.
-Know, asymmetrical syncline/anticline, symmetrical syncline/anticline.
-General history of geology as a study subject.
-Concept; slab pull, ridge push and hypothesis on why these occur.
-You should memorize this time scale. Yes, this will most likely appear on the final, but also very useful for the future of your geologic carrier. Most geologists and geophysicsts remember the Geologic Time Scale with respect to important events took place in the history.