vertical to inclined, concentrically lined, flares upwards, never branch
tube usually filled with massive sand
Dwelling
Diplocraterion
(bad images, to be replaced)
FR
vertical U-shaped, spreiten borrows, “3D”
tubes filled with massive sand
Dwelling
Entobia
FR (SR)
very small sharp-walled/tunnels, usually found on calcareous shells
unfilled, sediment or cement
Dewlling, Feeding
Helminthopsis
FR (SR)
horizontal to inclined, sometimes branched, J-shape hooks and arcs, mm-size
Usually mud fill in sand host
Feeding or Grazing
Macaronichnus
FR (SR)
horizontal to inclined, rarely branched tunnels that almost never overlap or touch, lining is caused by the qz-rich sand core and lithic-rich outer core
sand fill in sand
Feeding
Ophiomorpha
HR
“poop”-like, cm-scale, vertical, inclined – horizontal borrow system, lined with agglutinated pelletoidal sediment/fecal pellet mixture, “Y” or “T” shaped branching
usually sand fill (same as host)
Dwelling
Palaeophycus
FR (SR)
horizontal tunnels, never branch, think mud lining, often small scale and can cross over
same fill as host
Dwelling
Phycosiphon
HR
un-branched, light coloured halo(too small to see), mm-scale, horizontal to inclined, J-shaped/hooks
mud fill silty halo
Feeding or Grazing
Planolites
FR (SR)
overlapping horizontal tunnels, unlined, sometimes branching, , looks like palaeophycus, but sinusoidal
Mud fill in sand or sand fill in mud
Feeding
Rhizocorallium
FR (SR)
horizontal to inclined burrow with spreite, unlined or sometimes thin mud lining
Tubes filled with massive sand, “2D”(horizontal to bedding)
Feeding or Dwelling
Rusophycus
HR or ER
bi-lobed, round, oval to heart shaped, shallow pits with scratch marks, lava like lumpy
Same as overlaying unit
Resting
Skolithos
FR
vertical to inclined shaft, sharp walled, sometimes thinly mud lined
tube usually filled with massive sand
Dwelling
Teichichnus
FR
horizontal to inclined tube upward-migratied to produce spreite, unlined, never branched
alternating sand/slit/mud (massive sand)
Feeding or Dwelling
Teredolites
FR
cm-scaled tunnels/shafts or club shaped burrows, sharp walled, never branch, never overlap, small bumps
sand fill in with woody or coal material
Dwelling or Feeding
Thalassinoides
FR
cm-scale, Y or T shaped branches, horizontal to inclined vertical burrow system, smooth/sharp wall, unlined or very thin mud lining
usually sand fill in mud (different from host)
Dwelling or Feeding
Zoophycos
FR
fan like circular shape, flat, curved or inclined, spreite in the xsection, causive burrow is cm-scale vertical shaft
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