GLGY 202 – Applications of Geoscience
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Geology 202 final exam is typically cumulative with greater emphasis on the last section of the course. It is recommended to use both the Midterm Exam and this Final Exam when preparing for the final exam.
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Geology (GLGY 202-UCAL) Final Exam
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Question 1 |
A | Middle East and Latin America |
B | Middle East and Africa |
C | Middle East and North America |
D | Middle East and Asia/Australia |
E | Middle East and Europe/Eurasia |
Question 2 |
A | Mineral or metal deposit itself |
B | Air pumps |
C | Fresh water pipelines |
D | New roads |
E | Railways |
Question 3 |
A | C horizon |
B | B horizon |
C | A horizon |
D | E horizon |
Question 4 |
A | Determination of confined or unconfined condition is based on overall porosity of the aquifer with confined having much lower porosity than the surrounding region. |
B | Confined aquifers only formed in high depths in the subsurface while unconfined aquifers formed closer to the surface. |
C | Confined aquifers are characterized by having an impermeable lithologic layer above the aquifer. |
D | Confined aquifers are characterized by having an impermeable lithologic layers around the aquifer. |
E | Confined aquifers are characterized by having low permeability and low flow rate in lateral direction. |
Question 5 |
A | Sudden lowering of the water table. |
B | Compressional wave. |
C | Shaking of buildings and other infrastructures. |
D | Violent shaking of the ground. |
E | Loud noises produced at the fault line. |
Question 6 |
A | Increased in sediment compaction rate. |
B | Increased in subsurface permeability. |
C | Increased in rainfall. |
D | Increased in surface water evaporation rate. |
E | Increased in subsurface porosity. |
Question 7 |
A | Oil Window |
B | Optimal Range |
C | Resource Section |
D | Hydrocarbon Sector |
Question 8 |
A | About 1% |
B | About 50% |
C | About 70% |
D | About 10% |
E | About 90% |
Question 9 |
A | Sharp and steep channel walls |
B | Nearly straight and shallow channels |
C | Deposits of sand bodies on the channel floor |
D | Gradients less than the slope of the land which they form |
E | Meandering sequences |
Question 10 |
A | They can be used to model hydrocarbon reservoirs elsewhere. |
B | They can provide detailed information on paleo-environments. |
C | Geologists are looking for new sources of fresh water for the growing human population. |
D | They are used to locate large deposits of hydrocarbons in the Canadian Arctic. |
E | They can be used for determining the exact location of the true North. |
Question 11 |
A | Hydroelectric |
B | Nuclear |
C | Coal |
D | Natural Gas |
E | Wind |
Question 12 |
A | as a result of improvements in technological industry. |
B | as a result of America (USA) becoming a superpower. |
C | after the French revolution. |
D | as a result of the industrial revolution. |
E | due to over population. |
Question 13 |
A | It measure the energy within the visible light spectrum. |
B | It measures the intensity of any wave in the entire light spectrum. |
C | It measure the capacity to change energy balance. |
D | It is a measurement of radioactivity of ore minerals such as uraninite. |
E | It measures radiation of the sun and planets. |
Question 14 |
A | Polonium-218 |
B | Lead-214 |
C | Radium-226 |
D | Thorium-234 |
E | Lead-206 |
Question 15 |
A | High topographic relief |
B | High permeability |
C | Low vegetation |
D | High urbanization |
E | High porosity |
Note: You could argue for high porosity. But from physics and fluid dynamic point of view, having high porosity with low permeability would not help the migration of water from the surface to the subsurface.
Question 16 |
A | Agricultural industry. |
B | Petroleum refining industry. |
C | Aluminum mining industry. |
D | Coal industry. |
E | Uranium mining industry. |
Question 17 |
A | much higher than the previous decade. |
B | showing exponential increased in temperatures. |
C | composed of very high variability than what you would expect in Holocene. |
D | well within natural Holocene range of variability with some anomalies. |
Question 18 |
A | Global warming or climate change |
B | Increased in rainfall and surface runoff |
C | Natural subsidence |
D | Increased in soil and land erosion in the area |
E | Eustatic change and isostatic uplift |
Question 19 |
A | North American should not worry about tsunamis because it is impossible for occur anywhere near us. |
B | Frequency of tsunamis has significantly increased due to global warming or climate change. |
C | Tsunamis can only originate at plate boundaries. |
D | Velocity of the tsunami wave is higher if the depth of ocean which the wave originate is higher. |
E | Tsunamis only have devastating effect on Japan and other Asian countries, hence the Japanese term "tsunami". |
Question 20 |
A | Not enough researchers working in this area |
B | It is dividing the world leading to wars |
C | Not enough scientific data |
D | Politicization of science |
E | Not enough research funds |
Question 21 |
A | Natural Gas |
B | Coal |
C | Diesel |
D | Petrol (gasoline) |
Question 22 |
A | Nuclear |
B | Hydroelectric |
C | Petroleum or oil |
D | Coal |
E | Natural gas |
Question 23 |
A | Volcanoes |
B | Floodplains |
C | Global warming |
D | Earthquakes |
Question 24 |
A | All of the listed can be caused by an earthquake. |
B | Landslides |
C | Liquefaction |
D | Fires |
E | Building collapse |
Question 25 |
A | at higher depths , at shallower depths |
B | animals , plants |
C | at specific temperature interval , only from specific types of organic matter |
D | under low pressure environments , under high pressure environments |
E | two carbon atoms , three or more carbon atoms |
Question 26 |
A | Fault trap |
B | Salt dome trap |
C | Pinchout trap |
D | Lens trap |
E | Unconformity trap |
F | Anticline trap |
Question 27 |
A | natural science. |
B | global science. |
C | earth system science. |
D | evolutionary natural science. |
E | climate change science. |
Question 28 |
A | Below the saturation zone and above the vadose zone. |
B | Above the the vadose zone. |
C | Between vadose and saturation zones. |
D | Above the B soil horizon. |
E | Below the saturation zone. |
Question 29 |
A | Volcanic eruptions. |
B | Extraterrestrial impact on Earth. |
C | Positioning of a large asteroid near Earth. |
D | Plate tectonics. |
Question 30 |
A | Tens of years |
B | Thousands of years |
C | Up to tens of thousands of years |
D | 10 days |
E | 2 weeks |
Question 31 |
A | An atmospheric condition where the natural chemical composition significantly impact the well-being of organisms. |
B | A type of activity or activities that would impact the global environment. |
C | None of the answers listed here are correct. |
D | A type of sedimentary layers that often produce very high grade bitumen in Alberta. |
E | A proposed epoch that begins when human activities started to have a significant global impact on Earth's geology and ecosystems. |
Question 32 |
A | It has a less impact on the environment than conventional methane. |
B | It is highly abundant in large volumes throughout the world. |
C | It is found in shallow deposits that are much more economical to drill. |
D | It is a much more stable version of the conventional gas hence better safety for those who produce it and use it. |
E | It has a higher energy content per cubic feet than conventional methane. |
Question 33 |
A | secondary-enrichment deposit. |
B | Mississippi Valley-type deposit. |
C | placer deposit. |
D | magmatic deposit. |
E | residual mineral deposit. |
Question 34 |
A | Oxbow lakes forms outside of floodplains. |
B | The 100 year flood only occurs in every 100 years or so. |
C | There are no historical records of floods near Bow and Elbow rivers in Calgary. |
D | Rivers with larger lateral movement (meanderings) trend to have wider floodplains. |
E | Floodplains floods are typical and can be predicted with very good accuracy (within a week). |
Question 35 |
A | All models are 100% based on data obtained from past natural seismic activities. |
B | All determinations are based on random probability statistics. |
C | Seismologists are too stupid to understand earthquakes. |
D | Seismic predictions are all based on imperial evidence. |
E | Modeling of seismic data can provide more specific time and magnitude intervals for future seismic activities. |
Question 36 |
A | significant differences between two lithologies. |
B | differences between lithologies when move across an area with change in longitude. |
C | difference in elevations between the highest and lowest points of landform. |
D | slopes of hills or mountains. |
E | significant differences between two mineral grains next to each other. |
Question 37 |
A | Methane |
B | Propane |
C | Butane |
D | Ethane |
E | Chlorine vapor/gas |
Question 38 |
A | It can be caused by both natural and human processes. |
B | It is only observed in regions where there are mines. |
C | It is only caused by human activities such as agriculture. |
D | In occurs only in coastal regions where there is an abundant of salts. |
Question 39 |
A | Increased in the groundwater table. |
B | Decrease in pore pressures in the subsurface. |
C | Rapid melting of permafrost. |
D | Increased in overburden load. |
E | Increased compaction of subsurface sediments. |
Question 40 |
A | Chrome |
B | Titanium |
C | Iron |
D | Nickel |
Question 41 |
A | Comets are larger versions of asteroids that are heavier, |
B | Comets contains specific assemblage of minerals that are not found in asteroids. |
C | Comets usually burn out in the Earth's atmosphere while asteroids can travel across it to reach the Earth's surface. |
D | Asteroids are originates in the near Earth elliptical orbit, while comets originates between Jupiter and Mars. |
E | Asteroids are made up of metals and rocky material, while comets are made up of ice, dust and rocky material. |
Question 42 |
A | unconsolidated materials , solid rock materials |
B | minerals , aggregates |
C | heavy metals , precious metals |
D | coal , bitumen |
E | uranium , aluminum |
Question 43 |
A | Intervention |
B | Consolidation |
C | Chemical mitigation |
D | Bioremediation |
E | Environmental mitigation |
Question 44 |
A | Can be purified through smelting |
B | Malleable |
C | Conducts electricity |
D | Strong covalent bonds |
E | Mostly solids at room temperature |
Question 45 |
A | The deposit is too small for exploration and production. |
B | Methane hydrates cannot be used as a fuel source for modern energy needs. |
C | The cost of extraction is too high and cannot be covered due to the current gas market prices. |
D | Political disputes between Norway and Russia is delaying progress towards extraction. |
Question 46 |
A | Galena |
B | Bornite |
C | Chromite |
D | Dolomite |
E | Hematite |
Question 47 |
A | 1/2 of world's rivers. |
B | 90% to100% of world's rivers. |
C | 2/3 of world's rivers. |
D | 2/5 of world's rivers. |
E | 1/5 of world's rivers. |
Question 48 |
A | Significantly smaller cone of depression. |
B | Land subsidence. |
C | Increase in regional pore pressures. |
D | Lowering of the local water table. |
Question 49 |
A | Frozen water part of the Earth system. |
B | Combination of atmosphere and lithosphere (as a one system). |
C | Lower most part of the atmosphere that includes only the troposphere and stratosphere. |
D | Upper most layer of the lithosphere. |
E | Upper most part of the atmosphere that includes only the exosphere. |
Question 50 |
A | characterized by a large basin. |
B | rich in organic matter. |
C | subject to rapid oxidation. |
D | undergoing rapid deposition and sedimentation. |
E | undergoing subsidence. |
Question 51 |
A | Cobble |
B | Sand |
C | Gravel |
D | Silt |
E | Clay |
Question 52 |
A | factor of hillslope/length |
B | average annual soil loss. |
C | factor of soil cover. |
D | short term rain fall runoff. |
E | soil erodibility index. |
Universal soil loss equation is used for long term calculations.
Question 53 |
A | It is difficult to build a desalination plant next to the ocean. |
B | It requires specialized micro-bacteria to remove salt. |
C | It takes a lot of time to process just a 1L of water. |
D | There is no proven technology. |
E | The process requires large amount of energy. |
Question 54 |
A | Layered interbedded formation of siltstone and shale. |
B | Formations dominated by unfractured limestone and clay. |
C | Predominantly sandstone based formations with small volumes of shale. |
D | Formations with large volumes of shale with some quartz dominated regions. |
Question 55 |
A | Reduce acid mine drainage.
|
B | Decrease the humidity of the mines. |
C | Install better air quality management system. |
D | Provide better eye wear protection equipment. |
E | Increase the access to fresh drinking water. |
Question 56 |
A | Plagioclase Feldspar |
B | Quartz |
C | Calcite |
D | Orthoclase feldspar |
E | Epidote |
Question 57 |
A | Sand |
B | Limestone |
C | Gravel |
D | Sandstone |
E | Clay |
Question 58 |
A | Lack of funding for research |
B | Not having enough data to prove one way another |
C | Overpopulation due to higher human reproduction |
D | Poor understanding of the Earth as a system rather than a single entity |
E | Politicization of science itself |
Question 59 |
A | mantle. |
B | upper crust. |
C | oceans. |
D | hydrological water reservoirs. |
E | lower atmosphere. |
Question 60 |
A | Tanzania |
B | Canada |
C | Mexico |
D | India |
E | Sri Lanka |
Question 61 |
A | A concentration of ore grade minerals that can be economically mined. |
B | A concentration of ore grade mineral with at least 3% of precious metals. |
C | A shallow deposits of ore grade minerals within the Earth's crust. |
D | A deposit of precious metals. |
Question 62 |
A | MVT is caused by leeching of existing ore bodies in shallow subsurface and precipitating them elsewhere as a different ore body. |
B | MVT is caused by ground water reach in deep into the subsurface which eventually return to surface and precipitate ore minerals. |
C | MVT is caused by differential gradient in acidity of ground water. |
D | MVT is caused by magmatic solutions entering lower pressure and lower temperature regions. |
Question 63 |
A | Noise pollution due to large ORV enthusiasts gatherings. |
B | Increased use of non-renewable products used in the manufacturing of ORVs. |
C | Mechanical weathering, compaction and erosion of soil. |
D | Polluting the drinking water supply. |
E | Chemical pollution through gasoline based ORVs in environmentally sensitive areas. |
Question 64 |
A | Too many contradicting statements in published papers. |
B | Papers are highly weighted towards evidence. |
C | Propaganda based science taking over facts bases science. |
D | Research are influenced by ideologies of funding organizations. |
E | Influence of political and social pressures on scientists. |
Question 65 |
A | Type of sand that liquefy during an earthquake. |
B | Channels cut in to the soil by erosion. |
C | Scraping left behind by glaciers such as glacial migration. |
D | Sandy deposits found near the mouth of deltas. |
Question 66 |
CO2(aq) + H2O --> H2CO3 --> HCO3− + H+ --> ________ + 2H+.
A | H2O |
B | H3O+ |
C | H2O2 |
D | CO32− |
Question 67 |
A | Increase groundwater recharge due to higher infiltration of water during storm events. |
B | The groundwater reservoirs are often being depleted due to reduction in seepage and infiltration. |
C | The groundwater discharge rate increases with increased in surface water runoff. |
D | Significant decrease in groundwater pollution due to advanced water treatment facilities in urban areas. |
Question 68 |
A | Areal electromagnetic surveys. |
B | Clusters of seismic stations near fault zones. |
C | Electronic and computerized earthquake monitoring systems. |
D | Monitoring animal behaviors. |
E | Vibration sensors in very deep sub surface. |
Question 69 |
A | Typically ore minerals dissolve under oxidizing environments. |
B | The most pressing issue with mercury is that it is a metal but it act as a liquid. |
C | Ice produced by your refrigerator is a mineral by definition. |
D | Reducing environments are associated with placer deposits. |
E | Staining of beds due to weathering is associated with higher concentration of quartz in the subsurface. |
2. Stating is associated metallic and ore minerals.
Question 70 |
A | Arsenic |
B | Uranium |
C | Radium |
D | Gold |
E | Thorium |
Question 71 |
A | Lower pressures in subsurface than normal. |
B | Anoxic subsurface conditions. |
C | Slow burial and lithification of sediments. |
D | None of the answers are correct. |
E | Abundance of subsurface water. |
Question 72 |
A | inorganic compounds. |
B | carbon-hydrogen bonds. |
C | kerogen. |
D | carbon-oxygen bonds. |
E | transitional metals and carbons. |
Question 73 |
A | Bodies of water that can sustain a diverse range of aquatic life. |
B | Areas with high enough hydraulic gradients that can support flow of water. |
C | None of the listed answers are correct. |
D | Areas of high hydraulic pressures. |
E | Earth material capable of supplying groundwater at a useful rate from a well. |
Question 74 |
A | Triassic |
B | Cretaceous |
C | Permian |
D | Cambrian |
E | Devonian |
Question 75 |
A | Steam produced by heated fluids such as water. |
B | Radiation energy. |
C | Friction between sub-atomic particles. |
D | Kinetic energy of the atoms. |
Question 76 |
A | X-Rays |
B | Ultraviolet Rays |
C | Visible light |
D | Gamma Rays |
E | Shortwave |
Question 77 |
A | increase potential energy. |
B | slowing down the chemical reaction. |
C | generate light energy. |
D | release atomic and subatomic particles. |
E | None of the answers are correct. |
Question 78 |
A | are always scary. |
B | have distinctive amplitudes and wavelengths, which can be used to detect them earlier. |
C | generate high frequency noise. |
D | travel perpendicular to the equator. |
E | are about 10 times faster than a regular waves. |
Question 79 |
A | About 70% |
B | About 1% |
C | About 50% |
D | About 90% |
E | About 30% |
Question 80 |
A | A mineral that is extracted from the upper crust that is used by people. |
B | A mineral that can be used to for vital processes such in the medical industry. |
C | A mineral that has a very high density. |
D | A mineral that falls under one of the toughest and strongest categories of Moh Scale of Hardness. |
E | A mineral that expensive due to rarity. |
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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Gerald Osborn and Dr. Glenn Dolphin during Winter 2016 and textbook ISBN-978-0-393-93750-3.
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