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This is the non-interactive basic mode of GLGY 491 questions database for printing or use in case of SQL database failure on main site. All the questions and answers are identical except the order of questions and answers.Please use the interactive version for more up to date materials.
Geology (GLGY 491-UCAL) Midterm I General
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Question 1
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Pinacocytes and what other type of specialized cells make up the outer lining of a Porifera?
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Amblyprocts
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Porocytes
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Scierocytes
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Archaeocytes
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Question 2
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The “Great Dying” is occurred at which boundary?
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Permian – Triassic
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Devonian – Silurian
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Devonian – Carboniferous
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Carboniferous – Permian
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Cretaceous – Paleogene
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Question 3
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Echinoderms have what type of symmetry?
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Pentameral
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Radial
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Spherical
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Circular
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Question 4
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What number is used for labeling the central cavity on the following diagram?
Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Archaeocyatha.png
Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Archaeocyatha.png
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7
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1
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5
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2
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Question 5
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What is the oldest period of Mesozoic?
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Devonian
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Mississippian
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Triassic
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Jurassic
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Question 6
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Kingdom Protista has produced most advanced forms of organisms.
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False
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True
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Question 7
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Sponges are the simplest multicellular organism found in the stratigraphic evidence from Earth.
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False
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True
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Question 7 Explanation:
However, they are the simplest multicellular living organism.
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Question 8
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Around what time the Hadean ended?
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541 Ma
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4030 Ma
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4560 Ma
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2500 Ma
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Question 9
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Recrystallization is an unaltered process of fossilization.
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True
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False
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Question 10
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During this process of fossilization, the soft body parts of organisms were covered with a hard part. Often the hard section is made of calcium carbonates.
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Canonization
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Impregnation
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Recrystallization
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Moldic fossilization
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Question 11
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How do we know that Trilobites used molting process for growth?
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The trace fossils left by the organism during certain growth periods.
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Abundance in organic matter in some parts of the stratigraphic windows.
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The lack of exoskeletons in some parts of the stratigraphic windows.
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Fossils of the organism were found without the exoskeleton.
Hint:
Impossible due to soft body dissolution.
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Question 12
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__I__ is older than Jurassic and __II__ younger than Cretaceous.
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I. Permian
II. Neogene |
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I. Permian
II. Devonian |
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Question 13
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Radiolaria one of the hardest hit due to Great Dying event.
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True
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False
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Question 13 Explanation:
Almost all of the Radiolarians have died!
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Question 14
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Which is the smallest morphological feature of a sponge?
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Ascon
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Hyperdemia
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Leucon
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Rhagon
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Sycon
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Question 15
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Carboniferous period is divided into how many sub periods?
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three
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four
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five
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two
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Question 16
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Moldic fossilization always results preservation of the entire organic body.
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False
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True
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Question 17
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What is the smallest category of Modern Linnaean hierarchy?
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Suborder
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Subtribe
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Subspecies
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Tribe
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Subfamily
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Question 18
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What do we call a graph that illustrates the the number of chambers with the area of each chamber?
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Nongenetic Trajectory
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Genetic Trajectory
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Morphological Trajectory
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Ontogeneric Trajectory
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Question 19
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The FAD (first appearance datum) is sometimes refereed as…
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PTD
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LAD
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Acme Zone
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Evolutionary Occurrence
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Question 20
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Which of the following is the most flat surface of a sponge?
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amblyproct
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euryproct
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stenoproct
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platyproct
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Question 21
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In modern Paleobiology, this type of variability is very useful in identifying species.
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Morphological
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Stratigraphic
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Chemical
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Genetic
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Question 22
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The term “Gas Window” which occurs at the temperatures between 120 – 225 degree Celsius associated with what type of fossilization?
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Impregnation
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Carbonization
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Impressions
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Congealment
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Question 23
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Longer the range which the organism existed on fossil record, better the data which it can provide on the interval zone.
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False
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True
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Question 23 Explanation:
Shorter existed organisms provide the best identifiers known as index fossils.
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Question 24
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Which of the following has the highest precedence, in relation to each other? (largest group)
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Superclass
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Order
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Phylum
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Kingdom
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Question 25
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Genetic variability only occurs in sexually reproductive species.
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True
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False
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Question 26
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When did the Holocene started (according 2013 Geologic Time Scale convention)?
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66 millions of years ago
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13 millions of years ago
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541 millions of years ago
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0.0117 millions of years ago
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Question 27
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Choose the odd one out based on the process of fossilization. (Choose the best option!)
Insects
Diatoms
Bivalves
Coccolithophorids
Sponges
Gastropods
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Gastropods
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Diatoms
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Bivalves
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Insects
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Question 27 Explanation:
This is a tricky hard question. The Insects are the ONLY one on the list that falls in the category of unaltered fossilization (most of the time, but not all the time).
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Question 28
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Classification of fossils and modern organisms into groups known as…
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biostratigraphy.
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taxa.
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taxonomy.
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evolutionary biology.
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Question 29
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When is the end of the Mesozoic era?
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252.17 Ma
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0.011710 Ma
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541 Ma
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66.0 Ma
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Question 30
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Which of the two sections are not found in original Linnaean hierarchy?
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Class and Species
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Genus and Species
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Phylum and Family
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Order and Family
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Question 31
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An example of an organism that underwent molting would be…
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humans.
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trilobite.
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bivalves.
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echinoids.
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Question 32
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This type of zone divisions are commonly used for analyzing biostratigraphy of invertebrates.
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Morphological Zones
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Assemblage Zones
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Interval Zones
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Acme Zones
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Question 33
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In __I__ growth, the organism shape remains the same while in __II__ growth, the organism shape changes with the development.
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I. non-symmetrical
II. symmetrical |
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I. anisometric
II. isometric |
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I. isometric
II. anisometric |
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I. symmetrical
II. non-symmetrical |
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Question 34
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On the conventional Geologic Time Scale, which of the following period is not a part of Paleozoic?
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Permian
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Archean
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Silurian
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Devonian
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Question 35
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In the Phylum Porifers (sponges), this particular Class is characterized by spicules that intersects with about 60o/120o angles.
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Class Germaphobia
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Class Hexactinellida
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Class Calcarea
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Class Demospongea
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Question 36
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According to paleobiological evidence the world is 6000 years old.
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False
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True
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Question 37
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Organisms belongs to Phylum Archaeocyatha have been found in the fossil record as far back as…
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Early Lower Permian
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Middle Ordovician
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Lower Silurian
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Early middle Cambrian
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Question 38
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Which of the following is an example of a “living fossil”?
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Archaeocyathid
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Lingula
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Inoceramus
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Pentremites
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Question 38 Explanation:
Lingula is one of the oldest living fossils that was found in the fossils records as far as Ordovician. Living fossils are organisms that has survived to this day.
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Question 39
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Most common organisms found in Amber based fossilization process are…
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dinosaurs.
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insects.
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coprolites (poops).
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mammals.
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Question 40
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Subaerial carbonates are used for what type of studies?
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Chemical compositional studies
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Morphological studies
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Genetic studies
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Behavioral studies (trace fossils)
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Question 41
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The Sub Class Zoantharia is in what Phylum of Kingdom Animalia?
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Phylum Helmichordata
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Phylum Porifera
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Phylum Cnidaria
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Phylum Brachiopoda
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Question 42
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Which of the following statement is true?
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Echinoids great are examples discontinuous genetic variability.
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Continuous genetic variability occurs in species with large morphological differences between sexes.
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Discontinuous genetic variability is more frequent than continuous genetic variability.
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Discontinuous genetic variability is less frequent than continuous genetic variability.
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Question 43
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Non-wave resistance organic buildups are often describes as…
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ecologic.
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biocherms.
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reefs.
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platonic.
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Question 44
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During accretion type growth, the organisms continuously grow at a steady (same) rate.
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False
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True
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Question 44 Explanation:
While they keep increasing in structure at a continuous phase, the growth speeds may varies from time to time.
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Question 45
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What is the species of Hexagonaria cristata?
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Hexagonaria
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Cnidaria
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Cristata
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Animalia
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Question 46
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What is the largest division in taxonomical hierarchy?
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classes
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orders
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families
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phyla
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genera
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Question 47
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Acme zone is best described as…
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Abundance of specific organisms in a given time window.
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The last appearance of an organism/group.
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Sudden fluctuation in morphological features of an organism/group.
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The first appearance of an organism/group.
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Question 48
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There are only two sub-Periods (subdivisions) on this diagram. They are represented by 3J and 3K. What are they?
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this without using any AIDS.
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3J – Mississippian
3K – Pennsylvanian |
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3J – Pennsylvanian
3K – Mississippian |
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3J – Silurian
3K – Devonian |
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3J – Devonian
3K – Silurian |
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Question 49
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What is the best ,morphological definition of a species?
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Set of organisms with similar physical characteristics.
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Populations that naturally breed together and provide viable offspring.
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Grouping of kingdoms which have the height precedence in taxonomy.
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Diagnosable cluster within which there is a pattern of ancestry.
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Question 50
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By convention, in order to be a true fossil, the sample must be at least ___ years old.
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6000 years
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50,000 years
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8,000 years
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22,000 years
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11,700 years
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Question 51
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This particular Period is known for high volumes of coal formations. It is first appears on Geological records around 358.9 Ma. What is the Period and it’s location on the following diagram?
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this without using any AIDS.
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Carboniferous; 3H
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Jurassic; 3D
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Carboniferous; 3B
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Jurassic; 3E
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Question 52
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If you have to choose the best possible symmetry of the following diagram, what would that be? (Assume you know nothing about this organism. Just looking at the diagram…)
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Radial
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Pentameral
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Not enough information is given.
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Bilateral
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Question 53
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Sometimes we can identify fossils by their physical characteristics. What is the most probable type of fossil in this diagram?
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Cruziana
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Brachiopod
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Ammonite
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Trilobite
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Question 54
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Which term do we use to describe the fossils that only occurred in certain restricted periods in biostratigraphy? (useful for defining boundaries)
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index fossils
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most abundant fossils
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trace fossils
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identity fossil
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characteristic fossil
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Question 55
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Both fossils and trace fossils are useful in determining the history of biological cycles.
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True
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False
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Question 56
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Stromatoporoids are important reef builders of what Geologic time period?
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Cretaceous to Neogene
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Cambrian to Mississippian
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Ordovician-Devonian
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Ordovician to Permian
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Question 57
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Which of the following statements are true about Phylum Proifera.
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They have well specialized organs.
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They are planktonic organisms.
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They lived attached to the substratum with the aid of root-like structures.
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SpongeBob SquarePants can NOT be classified into Phylum Proifera.
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Question 58
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Ontogenetic refers to ____ of organisms.
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living environments
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genetic structures
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genetic variation
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growth stages.
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Question 59
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What type of growth you would expect to find in humans like your grandma?
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Modification
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Molting
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Addition
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Accretion
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Question 60
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What are the Eons represented by 1A and 1B respectively on the following diagram?
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this without using any AIDS.
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Cenozoic and Mesozoic
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Cenozoic and Paleozoic
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Phanerozoic and Precambrian
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Proterozoic and Archean
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Question 61
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Profera and Archaeocyatha are colonial life forms.
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True
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False
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Question 62
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Which of the following is the female reproductive cells of a sponge?
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archaeocytes
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choanocytes
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sclerocytes
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pinacocytes
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Question 63
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Pentamerism is a sub category of what type of symmetry?
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Biradial symmetry
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Radial symmetry
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Spherical symmetry
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Bilateral symmetry
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Question 64
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Choose the best answer for the following statements.
-underwent rapid burial
-internal structures were often preserved
-most fossils from Ediacaran period were fossilized through this process.
-underwent rapid burial
-internal structures were often preserved
-most fossils from Ediacaran period were fossilized through this process.
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Carbonization
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Permineralization
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Permineralization
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Impressions
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Question 65
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The FAD (First Appearance Datum) and LAD (Last Appearance Datum) is associated with Interval Zones.
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True
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False
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Question 66
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Cretaceous, Jurassic and Teiassic periods are all part of what era?
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
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Cenozoic
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Mesozoic
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Precambrian
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Question 67
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Sponges have solid codes within their spicules.
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True
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False
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Question 68
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The following observations were made during an examination of a sample:
– the frustule is composed of organic silica
– radial symmetry
– found in sediment samples throughout Jurassic to Holocene
– is a microfossil
This sample most like be a…
– the frustule is composed of organic silica
– radial symmetry
– found in sediment samples throughout Jurassic to Holocene
– is a microfossil
This sample most like be a…
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slilicoflagellate.
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tasmanitid.
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coccolithophorid.
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diatom.
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not enough data to distinguish.
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Question 68 Explanation:
As soon as you hear “frustule”, the “diatoms” should invade your brain cells.
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Question 69
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Gerotic is equivalent of being…
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old.
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young.
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under development.
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mature.
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Question 70
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Non-genetic variations in species are most likely caused by…
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ecological conditions.
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differentiation between growth stages.
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sexual dimorphism.
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sudden changes in genetic variation.
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Question 71
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What structure is labeled with number 7 on the following diagram?
Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Archaeocyatha.png
Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Archaeocyatha.png
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holdfast
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basal ring
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feet
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central cavity
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Question 72
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How many kinds of genetic variability do we use in Paleobiological studies?
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two
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one
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infinite
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three
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Question 72 Explanation:
They are; continuous and discontinuous
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Question 73
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If large scale shell deformation is observed in a confined region, it is most likely caused by non-genetic variability factors; such as high density of population.
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True
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False
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Question 73 Explanation:
Although this could eventually lead to genetic variability….
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Question 74
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On the following diagram, what is highlighted in 2D?
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this without using any AIDS.
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Devonian
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Ediacaran
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Cretaceous
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Ordovician
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Neoproterozoic
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Question 75
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What is the most likely type of growth strategy of Radiolarians?
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Modification
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Addition
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Accretion
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Molting
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Question 76
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What is 3L on the following diagram?
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this without using any AIDS.
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Devonian
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Pennsylvanian
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Ordovician
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Jurassic
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Question 77
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The category Tribe can only be found in…
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Original Linnaean hierarchy
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Modern Linnaean hierarchy
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Improved Linnaean hierarchy
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Question 78
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As skeleton to human, _____ to diatoms.
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cells
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test
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opaline silica
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frustule
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Question 79
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You came across a really really old rock. Your prof said that it is one of the oldest. It is most likely from which period?
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Cretaceous
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Eoarchean
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Ediacaran
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Holocene
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Question 79 Explanation:
Ediacaran probably the best choice since we haven’t found any rocks as old as Eoarchean. If you did find one, please give me a call ASAP.
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Question 80
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Which of the following cell types are responsible for gathering food in sponges?
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Archaeocytes
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Choanocytes
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Sclerocytes
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Pinacocytes
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Question 81
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On the following diagram, what is highlighted in 3C?
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this without using any AIDS.
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Paleogene
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Cretaceous
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Permian
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Quaternary
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Question 82
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We live in which era?
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Quaternary
Hint:
This is the period and NOT the era.
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Miocence
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Cenozoic
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Holocene
Hint:
This is the Epoch and NOT the era.
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Question 83
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Which of the following process best describe the fossilization process of woolly mammoth of Siberia?
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Fossilization in Amber
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Impregnation
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Congealment
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Moldic fossilization
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Question 84
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On the current Geologic Time Scale, this section is further divided due to empirical evidence found in North America.
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Neogene
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Paleozoic
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Neoproterozoic
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Carboniferous
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Question 84 Explanation:
They are Pennsylvanian and Mississippian.
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Question 85
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On the following diagram, around what time 5A ended?
Note: DO NOT scroll down to the Geologic Time scale on this page. Answer this without using any AIDS.
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4560 Ma
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66.0 Ma
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252.17 Ma
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4030 Ma
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