Sedimentary Petrology
Go to: Final Exam
The following quiz assumes that you have the background knowledge from GLGY 491. For additional questions specific to organisms, please check Geology 491 materials. Most concepts related to 491 class has been omitted from this quiz.
Attention: Application questions
Please be aware that you may come across difficult questions. They are usually not directly from one particular lecture but rather application of principles form several different lectures and labs. In this particular class, you are expected to solve this type of questions for the lecture/lab midterms and the finals. It is not my intention to make this quiz questions hard like a jackass.
Geology (GLGY 461-UCAL) Midterm
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Question 1 |
A | Platform slopes |
B | Open-water supertidal flats |
C | Shallow internal platform biostromes |
D | Open-water mud mounds |
E | Outer platform margin biostromes |
Question 2 |
A | Halites |
B | Siliciclastic mudstones |
C | Limestones |
D | Dolostones |
E | Phosphorites |
F | Siliciclastic sandstones |
Question 3 |
A | A. calcitic B. aragonitic |
B | A. aragonitic B. calcitic |
C | A. colonial B. solitary |
D | A. calcitic B. siliceous |
E | A. siliceous B. calcitic |
Question 4 |
A | False, they were found in mounded laminae forms. |
B | False, they were found in laminae, pillars and astrorhizae forms. |
C | True |
Question 5 |
A | Yes it is a mineral. |
B | No, it is a synthetic material. |
C | No, it is neither a mineral nor a valid chemical formula. |
D | No, it is only the chemical formula for a mineral. |
Question 6 |
A | The process in which constituents were broken down during the burial to form new minerals in the sediment. |
B | The process in which constituents were transported from the initial deposition location to a basin for burial. |
C | The process in which rocks were cooled down after a burial process to from new rocks. |
D | The process in which constituents were combined to form metamorphic rocks. |
Question 7 |
A | Foraminifera |
B | Molluscs |
C | Echinoderms |
D | Brachiopods |
Question 8 |
A | Bafflestones |
B | Rudstones |
C | Floatstones |
D | Bindstones |
E | Framestones |
Question 9 |
A | Foliation |
B | Cross-lamellar |
C | Double-crystal system |
D | Multiple chemical elements within growth lines |
Question 10 |
A | Due to their orientation to the cut surface of the thin section. |
B | Longitudinal deformation due to stresses during sedimentation. |
C | Overlap of 1-st and 2-nd Order lamellae. |
D | Foliation grade differences during each growth cycle. |
E | Changes in chemical composition during each growth cycle. |
Question 11 |
A | Composite prismatic structures |
B | Fascicular fibrous structures |
C | Single crystal structures |
D | Foliated structures |
Question 12 |
A | False |
B | True |
Question 13 |
A | Shape and size; the 1-st Order structures are larger. |
B | Pattern of the cross; the 2-st Order structures V-shaped. |
C | Pore/void space: the 1-st Order structures have less void space. |
D | Pore/void space: the 2-st Order structures have less void space. |
E | Shape and size; the 2-st Order structures are larger. |
F | Pattern of the cross; the 1-st Order structures V-shaped. |
Question 14 |
A | Several layers of foliated or normal prismatic structures. |
B | At lest two layers with 1-st and 2-nd Order aragonitic crossed-lamellar layers. Hint: Nope; this is for molluscus. |
C | At least two layers of non-deformed single crystal structures. Hint: Nope; this is mostly for echinoderms. |
D | Homogeneous prismatic structures with no deformation. Hint: Nope; this is mostly for forminifera and molluscs. |
E | Several layers of complex and composite prismatic structures. Hint: Nope; this is for molluscus ONLY. |
Question 15 |
A | Change in the rate at which the burial of sediments occurs. |
B | Change in abundance of chemicals. |
C | Change in temperature only. |
D | Change in temperature and pressure. |
E | Change in abundance of organisms in a micro-region. |
F | Change in abundance of organisms in a macro-region. |
Question 16 |
A | Shallow internal platform biostromes |
B | Open-water mud mounds |
C | Supertidal flats |
D | Platform slopes |
E | Outer platform margin bioherms |
Question 17 |
A | It is often used for pleobilogical stratigraphic analysis. |
B | It dose not consider effects of sea level changes or climate controls. |
C | It was first published in 1975 by Wilson. |
D | It is an ideal model of platform environment that will work for most areas of Earth. |
Question 18 |
A | Variations in the global biological and lithological diversity. |
B | Common lithofacies. |
C | Common lithofacies and biological characteristics. |
D | Depositional setting, sediment type, biota and common lithofacies. |
E | Nature of the tidal flat, lagoonal faces, shallow ramp and deep shelf ramp. |
Question 19 |
A | I. Hermatypic II. Ahermatypic |
B | I. Brain II. Hexacorallia Hint: Both are reef builders. |
C | I. Hexacorallia II. Brain Hint: Both are reef builders. |
D | I. Rugose II. Brain |
E | I. Ahermatypic II. Hermatypic |
Question 20 |
A | Below 100 m |
B | Between 150 m and 200 m |
C | Around 300 m |
D | Between 200 m and 300 m |
E | Around 200 m |
Question 21 |
A | True |
B | False; they are an extinct class of organisms. |
C | False; they are solitary organisms. |
Question 22 |
A | Deep Shelf Facies |
B | Lagoonal Facies |
C | Deep Basin Facies |
D | Shallow Ramp Facies |
E | Deep Tidal Flat Facies |
Question 23 |
A | low energy shallow tidal environments. |
B | high energy slope environments. |
C | high energy deep tidal environments. |
D | low energy reef/ramp environments. |
Question 24 |
A | Reworked lithofied clasts |
B | Alteration of grains |
C | In-situ formation |
D | Biotic |
Question 25 |
A | Large volume of spherical/sub-spherical shaped peloids. |
B | Presence of destructive micritization. |
C | Large pour spaces caused by entrapment of gaseous substance. |
D | Large volume of elongated peloids. |
E | Presence of bio-chemicals and organic matter. |
Question 26 |
A | very high energy environment. |
B | high local biological activities due to abundance in nutrients. |
C | Presence of biotic peloids as opposed to other types. |
D | very low energy environment. |
E | high global biological activities due to abundance in nutrients. Hint: Think again; usually "abundance of peloidal rocks" found in specific areas in specific geologic time. |
Question 27 |
A | False; because it is an indication of altered grains forming micritized peloids. |
B | True |
C | False; because it is an indication of reworked lithofied clasts of carbonates origin. |
D | False; because it is an indication of in-situ formations. |
Question 28 |
A | microborings. |
B | constructive micritization. |
C | destructive micritization. |
D | cyanobacterial destruction. |
Question 29 |
A | Ooids with very thick cortex. |
B | Thin cortex very thin cortex and 1-3 counted layers. |
C | Thin cortex very thick cortex and innumerable layers. |
D | Thin cortex very thin cortex and 2-4 counted layers. |
E | Ooids with very thin cortex. |
Question 30 |
A | Presence of nuclei and undersaturated water with respect to calcite. |
B | Bottom agitation, presence of nuclei and grain degradation. |
C | Usually have a nuclei. |
D | Presence of nuclei and supersaturated water with respect to calcite. |
Question 31 |
A | at the trough of the dunes. |
B | at the peak of the crest (peak) of the dunes. |
C | at the asymmetric surfaces. |
D | along the troughs of parabolic bars. |
E | at the points of flow convergence. |
Question 32 |
A | Green algae are adapted to shallow water environments and they absorbs yellow light. |
B | Red algae are adapted to deeper water environments and they absorbs red light. |
C | Blue algae are adapted to deeper water environments and they absorbs blue light. |
D | Green algae are adapted to deeper water environments and they absorbs blue light. |
E | Green algae are adapted to deeper water environments and they absorbs red light. |
F | Red algae are adapted to deeper water environments and they absorbs blue light. |
G | Blue algae are adapted to deeper water environments and they absorbs red light. |
Question 33 |
A | ....exclusive to marine water environments. |
B | ...exclusive to fresh water environments. |
C | ...most abundant in shallow, protected environments. |
D | ...adapted to deep water environments. |
E | ...were exclusive to fresh water environments during Carboniferous and modern day they are exclusive to marine water environments. |
Question 34 |
A | Green |
B | Blue |
C | All types (Green, Blue and Red) |
D | Red |
Question 35 |
A | They are very important for economic resources such as diamond and gold ores. |
B | This group includes both benthic and planktonic organisms that have the ability to photosynthesize. |
C | They are important sediment produces and reef builders. |
D | Some of them are capable of secreting or depositing carbonate around their body. |
E | They can be in several depositional settings such as marine, fresh-brackish water ponds, tidal flats and shallow sandy bottoms. |
Question 36 |
A | Cynaophyta |
B | Chrysophyta |
C | Chlorophyta |
D | Rhodophyta |
Question 37 |
A | Green algae |
B | Yellow algae |
C | Blue algae |
D | Red algae |
Question 38 |
A | Open marine bay shelf lagoons |
B | Restricted marine bays and lagoons |
C | Reef fronts |
D | Tidal flats |
E | Open marines |
Question 39 |
A | I. cortex II. medulla |
B | I. spinal core II. external core |
C | I. medulla II. cortex |
D | I. central core II. outer core |
Question 40 |
A | Paleozoic |
B | Ediacaran |
C | Carboniferous |
D | Cenozoic |
E | Cretaceous |
Question 41 |
A | Sunlight |
B | High energy water currents |
C | Sunlight and moisture |
D | Sunlight and availability of calcareous fluids |
E | Sunlight and high energy water currents |
Question 42 |
A | The best cementation processes occurs at shallow waters such as at the shelf or slopes. |
B | The partial pressure of CO2 is very high at shallow depths; leads to good cementation. |
C | Large portion of the mixing zone is in the marine diagenetic area. |
D | Sediments could undergo marine diagenesis as long as water is present. |
E | CCD or carbon compensation depth is the depth in which the calcite start to become unstable. Hint: Nope; that would be Lysoclines |
Question 43 |
A | I. Blue II. green |
B | I. Red II. green |
C | I. Green
II. red |
D | I. Yellow II. green |
Question 44 |
A | pillars. |
B | lamination. |
C | zoecias. |
D | layering. |
E | alternating sediment-organic matter layers. |
Question 45 |
A | True |
B | False |
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Credits: Based on the excellent class notes provided by, Dr. Rudi Meyer during Winter 2014.
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